Characteristics of winter bread wheat lines developed with the use of spelt wheat

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
I.P. Diordiieva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Remote Hybridization ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Wheat Spike

Aim. To create bread wheat lines with valuable economic and biological traits as initial breeding material by hybridization of Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum spelta L. Results and Discussion. The study was conducted at Uman NUH. Bread wheat accessions were created by remote hybridization and multiple individual selections. Hybrid offspring F2–5 was analyzed for expression of economically valuable characteristics. In the 5th generation (F5), the best specimens were selected and tested in 2012–2018 (F5–F10). Bread winter wheat variety Podolianka was used as a check variety. The systematic method of arranging plots of 10 m2 was used. The plots were arranged in blocks with a density of 400,000 plants/ha in 5 replications. Biometric measurements were carried out on 50 plants selected from each plot in 2 non-adjoining replications. After observations and measurements, grain was threshed, and the yield capacity was determined. The significance of the study results was evaluated as Ye. R. Ermantraut et al. described (2000).The developed accessions differed in expression of economically valuable traits. The plant height varied within 52–112 cm. Middle and short forms were selected. The gluten content varied within 27.5–38.1 %. The lines were grouped according to the spike shape into 5 different morphotypes: speltoids, forms with a typical bread wheat spike, square heads, subcompactoids and compactoids. Short square head accession 1689 and accession 1692 with a typical bread wheat spike were distinguished by several economically valuable features. Conclusions. Remote hybridization of bread winter wheat with spelt enabled developing over 500 bread wheat lines. Forms combining high performance and high grain quality were selected, in particular accession 1689 containing 32.4 % of gluten, 15.8 % of protein and giving a yield of 7.19 t/ha. Hybridization of bread wheat with spelt created variety Artaplot included in the State Register of Plant Varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine in 2019.

Construction of comparative genetic maps of two 4Bs.4Bl-5Rl translocations in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 729-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C Leach ◽  
I S Dundas ◽  
A Houben
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Translocation Breakpoints ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Wheat Lines

The physical length of the rye segment of a 4BS.4BL–5RL translocation derived from the Cornell Wheat Selection 82a1-2-4-7 in a Triticum aestivum 'Chinese Spring' background was measured using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and found to be 16% of the long arm. The size of this translocation was similar to previously published GISH measurements of another 4BS.4BL–5RL translocation in a Triticum aestivum 'Viking' wheat background. Molecular maps of both 4BS.4BL–5RL translocations for 2 different wheat backgrounds were developed using RFLP analysis. The locations of the translocation breakpoints of the 2 4BS.4BL–5RL translocations were similar even though they arose in different populations. This suggests a unique property of the region at or near the translocation breakpoint that could be associated with their similarity and spontaneous formation. These segments of rye chromosome 5 also contain a gene for copper efficiency that improves the wheat's ability to cope with low-copper soils. Genetic markers in these maps can also be used to screen for copper efficiency in bread wheat lines derived from the Cornell Wheat Selection 82a1 2-4-7.Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat–rye translocation, homoeologous group 4, homoeologous group 5, GISH, comparative map, copper efficiency, hairy peduncle.

scholarly journals The choice of the terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing for winter bread wheat in the southern part of the Rostov region

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
A. A. Sukharev ◽  
G. M. Zelenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
Control Variant

The current paper has presented the results of three years’ study (2012–2014) of the application of various terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing for the winter bread wheat variety “Stanichnaya”. There has been studied efficiency of various terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing with various forecrops. There has been identified an effect of these additional fertilizing on winter bread wheat productivity according to the forecrops. In the control variant, the productivity of the variety according to the forecrop depended greatly on the forecrops: 5.52 t/ha (weedfree fallow), 5.26 t/ha (peas), 4.29 t/ha (maize for grains) and 3.57 t/ha (winter wheat). There has been identified large productivity in the autumn ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method (in all variants of the forecrops), the productivity raised on 0.38–0.73 t/ha. The study has shown that the economic effect of the ammonium nitrate fertilizing in the autumn was also at maximum profitability, 76–154%, and the conditional net income was 10 675–22 955 rubles/ha. The efficiency of ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method in the spring on thawed/frozen soil was lower, the productivity increase ranged from 0.21 t/ha sown after peas to 0.65 t/ha sown after maize. Root additional fertilizing with a seeder gave a positive effect only when the variety was sown after for winter wheat and maize, in that case the productivity increase was 0.52 t/ha and 0.46 t/ha, respectively. The conditional net income in these variants exceeded the control variant on 1574–2123 rubles/ha. Carbamide (urea) additional fertilizing was only effective for the variety sown after maize, where the productivity increase was 0.40 t/ha, but profitability (100%) and conditional net income (16 593 rubles/ha) were lower than with ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method in the spring (112% and 18 080 rubles/ha respectively).

scholarly journals Expected genetic gains from mono trait and indexbased selection in advanced bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 9131-9141
Author(s):  
Zine El Abidine Fellahi ◽  
Abderrahmane Hannachi ◽  
Hamenna Bouzerzour
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Selection Of

This study aimed at evaluating the expected gains from selection obtained based upon direct, indirect, and index-based selection in a set of 599 bread wheat lines. The experiment was carried out at the experimental field of INRAA institute, Setif research unit (Algeria), in a Federer augmented block design including three controls. A wide range of genetic variability was observed among lines for the eleven traits assessed. The results indicated that index-based selection and selection based on grain yield expressed higher expected genetic gain than direct and indirect mono-trait-based selection. The best 15 selected lines exhibited higher grain yield than the control varieties, and they were clustered in three groups that contrasted mainly for the flag-leaf area, thousand-kernel weight, biomass, and harvest index. The index-based selection appears as a useful tool for the rapid selection of early filial generations, enriching selected breeding materials with desirable alleles and reducing the number of years required to combine these traits in elite varieties.

scholarly journals The variability of the trait thickness of the straw second internode (TS-2M) of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of different origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
V. M. Tishchenko ◽  
O. M. Dinets
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Different Origin

Aim. Detailed examination of different studies showed that the thickness of the straw second internode of soft winter wheat is not sufficient investigated. Methods. The article presents the results of an experiment for the study of the formation and the variability of the trait thickness of the straw second internode (TS-2M) in different soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties and breeding lines. There are forty one wheat varieties of different origin presented in this study. Results. It was established that the trait TS-2M significantly correlated with the main yield traits. Therefore, the selection of productive genotypes in the selection process based on TS-2M is effective. Conclusions. The statistical analysis of winter wheat varieties based on the trait TS-2M showed that the level of formation and variability of this trait is genetically determined. Keywords: winter wheat, the second internode (ТS-2М), genetic coefficient of variation (CV%).

scholarly journals Yield and some quality traits of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain as influenced by the application of different rates of nitrogen

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Harasim ◽  
Marian Wesołowski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Soil Complex ◽  
Basic Quality ◽  
The University

A field study was conducted in the period 2004–2007 at the Czesławice Experimental Farm, belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, on loess-derived grey brown podzolic soil (good wheat soil complex). This study determined the effect of two levels of nitrogen fertilization on yield and the basic quality traits of grain of the winter wheat cultivar ‘Muza’. The study results show the dependence of the grain quality characters mainly on variable weather conditions throughout the study period and to a lesser extent on the level of nitrogen fertilization. Good technological parameters were obtained in the seasons with low rainfall and high air temperature. The study also demonstrated that the higher rate of nitrogen tended to have a positive effect on total protein and wet gluten content, falling number, sedimentation value, and grain test weight. In spite of the lack of significant differences, the quality of gluten was found to decrease with the increasing rate of nitrogen.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF STRAINS ASSOCIATED WITH TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. ON MICROBIOCENOSIS IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF WINTER WHEAT OF CHERNOZEM SOUTHERN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Egovtseva ◽  
◽  
T.N. Melnichuk ◽  
S.F. Abdurashitov ◽  
E.E. Andronov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Associative Bacteria ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Mineralization Processes

Pre-sowing inoculation with strains of associative bacteria is one of the promising methods for increasing the productivity of agricultural crops. These microorganisms are able to stimulate the growth processes of plants, improve their mineral nutrition, increase phytoimmunity and resistance to adverse factors. The aim of the research is to study the influence of strains with a high associative potential to Triticum aestivum L. on the microbiocenosis in the rhizosphere of soft wheat of several varieties grown on chernozem southern. The studies were carried out in 2018–2020 using three varieties – ‘Ermak’, ‘Bagheera’, ‘Lydia’. The experiments were laid on plots (accounting area – 25 m2) in systematic design, replicated four times. The climate of the study area is characterized as arid (steppe). Inoculation was carried out before wheat seeds sowing; option without treatment served as a control. Sampling was carried out in the most active phase – flowering (in May 2019 and 2020). In the course of the research, we found that changes in the number of microorganisms of various ecological-trophic groups of chernozem southern in the rhizosphere of wheat occur under the influence of bacterial strains associative to T. aestivum. Wheat variety ‘Bagheera’ was found to be the most responsive to seed bacterization; the average yield increase over two years of research was in the range of 0.2-0.4 t/ha or 5-10%. Calculation of coefficients and indices indicating the direction of mineralization processes in the soil made it possible to establish that inoculation promotes their activation. The results of the correlation analysis based on two-year data obtained after studying three varieties of winter wheat showed that the number of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter has the greatest influence on the yield – the correlation index is 0.81 at p <0.05.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS IN DIFFERENT WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) VARIETIES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona VAGUSEVICIENĖ ◽  
Sonata KAZLAUSKAITĖ ◽  
Aiste JUCHNEVICIENĖ ◽  
Asta BYLAITE ◽  
Audrone ŽEBRAUSKIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Alcohol Extract

Dynamics of photosynthesis pigments in the leaves of different varieties of winter wheat during the vegetation period is analyzed in the paper. The accumulation of pigments in the plant depends on the physiological activity, growth and development of the plant, therefore the composition and content of photosynthesis pigments chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids reflect the general condition of the plant. The ratio of chlorophyll a / b for normal photosynthesis activity in the leaves of the plant should be at least 1:3. The object of the research is different varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) - 'Artist', 'Edvin', 'Skagen', 'Bertold' and 'Viola'. Field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in 2015-2016. Soil type was identified as IDg8 - k (LVg - p - w - cc) - shallow calcareous luvisol (Calc (ar) i - Epihypogleyic Luvisols). Agrochemical parameters of the soil were determined using accepted analytical methods. The content of photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) in green leaf mass was determined in 96% ethyl alcohol extract applying spectrophotometric Wettstein method, “Genesys” 6 spectrophotometer. The photosynthesis productivity (Fpr) was calculated according to the formula: Fpr = 2 (M2-M1) / (L1 + L2) T. The accuracy of the data analysis was estimated according to the standard measurement deviation from the mean. The highest content of photosynthesis pigments has been accumulated by winter wheat variety 'Skagen'. The best result has been observed at the end of nodding stage. A lower content of photosynthesis pigments has been found in the leaves of 'Edvin', 'Viola' and 'Artist' varieties. The highest photosynthesis productivity of all winter wheat varieties has been recorded at the end of nodding stage, and decrease of photosynthesis productivity has been observed since milk maturity stage.

scholarly journals Effect Of High Temperature On Yield Attributing Traits In Bread Wheat

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khajan Singh ◽  
SN Sharma ◽  
Yogendra Sharma
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Heat Susceptibility Index

High temperature stress is major constraint to bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell) production. Generation of information on the effect of high temperature stress on various traits may be helpful for developing thermotolerance bread wheat variety. An experiment was conducted on a set of 10 diverse genotypes, their 45 F1s and F2s for identification of high temperature stress genotype. The experiment was conducted under normal and late sown condition. The parent HD 2851, P8W 520, and HS 448, and the crosses HS 448 × PBW 520, UP 2614 × K 209 and PBW 520 × HD 2851 for grain yield per plant were least affected under late sown conditions. Heat stress intensity (Dvalue) clearly indicated that grain yield per pant biological yield per plant and grain yield per spike suffered revively under late sown conditions. Keywords: Bread wheat; heat susceptibility index; tolerant genotypes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9270 BJAR 2011; 36(3): 415-426

scholarly journals Technological qualities of common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in conditions of unconventional agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
Veselin Dochev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Solution Preparation ◽  
Biodynamic Preparations ◽  
Formation Phase ◽  
Made In

Abstract During the period 2019 - 2020, a study was conducted on soil type calcic chernozem with Venka 1 common winter wheat variety. The experiment is based on the block method, in four replications with a size of the experimental plot of 10 m2. Sowing was carried out in October with a sowing rate of 500 sprouts/m2 after the predecessor sugar beet. In the appropriate periods, treatments were made in 4 variants: 1) Control - untreated variant, 2) Treatment with biodynamic preparations: 500 + Fladen preparation + preparation 501, 3) Treatment with biological preparations: Heliosulfur + Free N. 4) Combined treatment with the same biodynamic and biological preparations. Preparation 500 was applied in the phase of autumn and spring wheat tillering - 5% solution. Preparation 501 was applied in the phase ear formation - 1.5 g for 30 l of water/da. Fladen preparation is applied in the phase of autumn and spring tillering - 1.5% solution. Heliosulfur was applied in the ear formation phase - flowering at a dose of 50 ml/da, at an appropriate date on the biodynamic calendar. Free N was applied to the soil in the phase of autumn and spring tillering at a dose of 50 ml/da, at an appropriate date on the biodynamic calendar. The analysis of the technological qualities is made according to the respective ISO methodology. The statistical data processing was performed with the STATGRAPH program. The application of biodynamic and biological preparations and their joint use leads to an increase in the yield of wet gluten, as well as an increase in the content of N, P, K and protein in wheat grain. It has been proven that the combined use of biodynamic and biological preparations increases the content of dry matter, organic matter and the content of nitrogen-free extracts in wheat grain. The content of crude proteins has been shown to increase only in the varieties treated with biodynamic and biological preparations.

176 Evaluating Dual-purpose Wheat Varieties in the Southeastern U.S

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 93-94
Author(s):  
Micayla H West ◽  
Russell C Carrell ◽  
Sandra L Dillard
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The United States ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Abstract Dual-purpose wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) systems increase farm sustainability by diversifying on-farm income. While these systems are common in the Southern Great Plains of the United States, they are not often utilized in the Southeast. This study aimed to evaluate pre- and post-grazing herbage mass (HM) of four winter wheat varieties managed under a dual-purpose grazing and grain production system. The winter wheat varieties evaluated were generic feed-type wheat (mixed variety, Feed), seed-type wheat (‘GA Gore’) and two forage-type varieties, ‘AGS 2024’ (AGS) and ‘Pioneer 26R41’ (Pioneer). The experiment was a completely randomized block design with n = 4. Each plot was randomly assigned either as no-grazing (CON) or grazing (GF2). Plots were grazed with cow-calf pairs that were fasted 24 h before each grazing event. Grazing was considered complete when the average stubble height was 10 cm. Herbage mass was determined using three 0.1m2-quadrats per plot and clipping to a 10 cm stubble height before (PreG) and after (PostG) each grazing event. Forage samples were then dried at 45°C for 72 h. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS (SAS Inst., Cary, NC). Differences were declared at P &lt; 0.05. Initial HM was greater for PreG than PostG (883 and 615 kg/ha, respectively; P &lt; 0.01). Prior to grazing, AGS (1204 kg/ha) was greater (P &lt; 0.02) than all other varieties. Pre-grazing, there were no differences among the other varieties (776 kg/ha; P &gt; 0.14). Post-grazing, AGS had a greater HM than Seed (788 and 391 ka/ha, respectively; P = 0.04), while all other varieties were intermediate (642 kg/ha). Herbage mass was affected by grazing frequency with CON being greater (P &lt; 0.01) than GF2 (993 and 691 kg/ha, respectively). These results indicate that both wheat variety and grazing treatment had an effect on dual-purpose wheat herbage mass.

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