scholarly journals Rendering Biblical proper names into English and Ukrainian (a comparative aspect)

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Bible Translations ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Main Technique ◽  
Target Languages

The article deals with the comparative characteristics of rendering proper names in the most widespread English and Ukrainian translations of the Old Testament (Pentateuch). The author makes some generalizations concerning the lexical and semantic groups of nominations, characteristic of the confessional style, as well as its typical groups of lexis with the proper names being a major constituent among them. A comparative analysis of 586 proper names from each target text allowed to the make some conclusion concerning the ways of their rendering and correlation in the target languages. Though transliteration is the main technique in both languages, the correlation of the same letters in English and Ukrainian is not always consistent. The consistency has been found to be invariable only concerning the following English-Ukrainian pairs of letters: d – д, k – к, l – л, m – м, n – н, o – o, p – п, r – р, t – т, v – в. Other letters, as well as digraphs ch, sh, ph and th, do not have consistent counterparts and are characterized by a varying degree of inconsistency. This may be accounted for by a variety of reasons, among them: a considerable (450 years) gap between the first English and Ukrainian translations, which may have contributed to the changes in the approaches to transliteration; following in the different traditions (Western or Eastern) of transliteration in rendering certain letters, specifically concerning the pair of the letters b – в, or th digraph; a greater impact on the Ukrainian translator on the part of numerous Bible translations into other languages (particularly into Russian), which were absent at the time the first English translation was done etc. Other reasons for the discrepancies might include the translators’ individual characteristics, failure to maintain the same strategy throughout the entire translation, their striving to create euphony and to avoid the sound combinations undesirable in the target language.

scholarly journals LITERARY NONCE WORDS AS A TRANSLATION PROBLEM (BASED ON ENGLISH LITERARY TALES)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 774-784
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Borisenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Target Languages

The article examines specific characteristics of literary nonce words on the example of English literary tales. It attempts to classify them on the basis of the word-building patterns used (highlighting the so-called nursery words and nonce words proper). It also describes their main functions in a literary text. The research objectives also included a comparative analysis of the translations of famous English literary tales. The analysis proved that the main translation strategies while dealing with literary nonce words are the creation of nonce words in the target language, descriptive translation and compensation. The most successful translation decisions take into account the target audience of readers and include the use of wordplay, as well as phonetic expressive means such as rhyme, alliteration and onomatopoeia. In general, the translation of nonce words directly depends on the specifics of word-building patterns that exist in the source and target languages.

scholarly journals Problems of translating English and German proverbs into Russian: the comparative aspect

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 21016
Author(s):  
Oksana Sorokina ◽  
Irina Krasnova ◽  
Veronika Shabanova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Target Language ◽  
World Picture ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
Major Attention ◽  
And Training

This article presents the results of the comparative analysis of translatability of English and German proverbs into Russian, which allows to discover specific features of communicants within various linguocultures, which is one of the priority areas of modern linguistic research. The work emphasizes that due to their figurativeness and ethno-cultural specificity, proverbs are a striking example of untranslatability or difficult translatability. This determines the significance of the research under discussion – the increasing need of society for high-quality translation and training of qualified translators. Despite a sufficient number of works devoted to paremiology, the major attention is paid to the semantic and structural features of proverbs in different languages under the absence of comprehensive studies on the translation of proverbial units, which hampers the complete study of the translation problem of paremias. The purpose of the study is to identify close correlations between the proverbs of different languages based on the comparative analysis of the linguistic material of the English, German and Russian languages and a comparison of approaches to the solutions of the problems of their translation. The accomplishment of the stated purpose predetermined the objectives of the study: basing on the analysis of experience concerning proverbs that was accumulated by modern linguistics, to reveal the notion of a proverb; to study the reflection of the linguistic world-picture in the proverbs of the English, German and Russian languages, as well as to conduct the comparative translation analysis. As a result, the authors were able to identify and describe the difficulties encountered in translating English and German proverbs into Russian. The article presents the author's classification of the studied phraseological units in accordance with their translatability from the source language into the target language. All research results are supported by the statistical data.

Bible translation as mediator of Hebrew impact on target languages: the Estonian bible translation by Johannes Gutslaff

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Kristiina Ross
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Hebrew Version ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Manuscript Dating ◽  
Pure Target

The full version of the Bible was first published in Estonian in 1739. In comparison with the neighbouring Protestant countries this is a very late date. However, serious attempts to translate the Bible into Estonian were made already in the 17th century. There are two manuscripts from the 17th century which contain translations of the Old Testament. The older manuscript dating from the middle of the century has been – unlike e.g. the Finnish Bible which had been translated from Luther’s German version – translated directly from Hebrew, by Johannes Gutslaff. Also the 1739 Estonian version was translated directly from the Hebrew version. As is widely known, Luther was of the opinion that a translator should not follow the structure of the source language&&instead, he must use the fluent and pure target language. The Estonian translations followed strictly the Hebrew version, which resulted in the fact that still today, Estonian phraseology has Hebrew influence.

STRUKTUR KOMPLEKS DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA ILMIAH DAN MASALAH PENERJEMAHANNYA KE DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Mirahayuni ◽  
Susie Chrismalia Garnida ◽  
Mateus Rudi Supsiadji
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
Logical Relation ◽  
Information Packaging ◽  
Weight Structure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Target Languages

Abstract. Translating complex structures have always been a challenge for a translator since the structures can be densed with ideas and particular logical relations. The purpose of translation is reproducing texts into another language to make them available to wider readerships. Since language is not merely classification of a set of universal and general concept, that each language articulates or organizes the world differently, the concepts in one language can be radically different from another. One issue in translation is the difference among languages, that the wider gaps between the source and target languages may bring greater problems of transfer of message from the source into the target languages (Culler, 1976). Problematic factors involved in translation include meaning, style, proverbs, idioms and others. A number of translation procedures and strategies have been discussed to solve translation problems. This article presents analysis of complex structures in scientific Indonesian, the problems and effects on translation into English. The study involves data taken from two research article papers in Indonesian to be translated into English. The results of the analysis show seven (7) problems of Indonesian complex structures, whose effect on translation process can be grouped into two: complex structures related to grammar (including: complex structure with incomplete information, run-on sentences, redundancy , sentence elements with inequal semantic relation, and logical relation and choice of conjunctor) and complex structures related to information processing in discourse (including: front-weight- structure and thematic structure with changes of Theme element). Problems related to grammar may be solved with language economy and accuracy while those related to discourse may be solved with understanding information packaging patterns in the target language discourse. Keywords: scientific language, complex structures, translation

Die wichtigsten Charakterzüge der Übersetzungsmethode des Übersetzers František Benhart beim Übersetzen slowenischer Prosa ins Tschechische

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-189
Author(s):  
Jana Šnytová
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Basic Features

Summary In this paper, I focused on the translation work by František Benhart which, due to its extensiveness, was of crucial importance to the reception of Slovenian literature in the Czech cultural environment of the second half of the 20th century. The aim of this study is the linguistic analysis of the literary translations of selected literary works of the canon of Slovenian literature into Czech. Translation can be considered to be a cultural transposition, i. e. a transfer of the text and cultural environment from the source language into the text and cultural environment of the target language. In the analyses, I focused on some partial issues that either dominated in the particular text (expressivity, phraseology, idiomatic or proper names) or occurred across the texts analysed (realia) and in this context, I searched for his specific translation solutions. I also examined short excerpts of the original text and its translated counterpart looking for the presence of stylistically marked elements. Based on the results of individual analyses, I presented Benhart’s specific translation approaches and I attempted to summarize and indicate the basic features of his translation method. Furthermore, my second objective was to point out the possible consequences of Benhart’s translation method for the reception of the Slovenian literature in the Czech cultural environment.

Translating the ancestors: S. I. J. Schereschewsky's 1875 Chinese version of Genesis

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Eber
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
Chinese Translation ◽  
Bible Translations ◽  
Classical Chinese ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Protestant Christianity ◽  
Treaty Ports ◽  
Book Of Genesis

Partial and complete Bible translations into classical Chinese existed well before Protestant missionaries actually began to work actively among the Chinese. Translation work accelerated once missionaries gained a foothold in the newly opened treaty ports after 1842, and the entire Bible or portions of it were translated into Fuzhou, Amoy, Canton, Hakka, Suzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai dialects. S. I. J. Schereschewsky's (1831–1906) translation of the Old Testament (OT) into the northern vernacular in 1875 opened a new chapter. His translation was accessible to larger numbers of people and, in contrast to the OT in classical Chinese, was readily understood when read to the illiterate. Moreover, unlike previous translations, it was prepared entirely from the Hebrew original.The purpose of this essay is to examine some of Schereschewsky's views on translating and several of the techniques which he employed in rendering into Chinese the Book of Genesis. My basic assumption is that translation is an interpretative activity. When a text is transposed from one language into another, changes are introduced that are consonant with the receiving languages and culture. Translation is affected by interpretations from within the receptor tradition which, in turn, makes possible the acceptance of the translation and the ideas which it contains. Thus the Old (as well as the New) Testament translations represented one of the initial steps in the signification of Protestant Christianity.

scholarly journals Optimizing Tokenization Choice for Machine Translation across Multiple Target Languages

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Zalmout ◽  
Nizar Habash
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Statistical Machine Translation ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Context Variable ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Morphologically Rich Languages ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Language Text

AbstractTokenization is very helpful for Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), especially when translating from morphologically rich languages. Typically, a single tokenization scheme is applied to the entire source-language text and regardless of the target language. In this paper, we evaluate the hypothesis that SMT performance may benefit from different tokenization schemes for different words within the same text, and also for different target languages. We apply this approach to Arabic as a source language, with five target languages of varying morphological complexity: English, French, Spanish, Russian and Chinese. Our results show that different target languages indeed require different source-language schemes; and a context-variable tokenization scheme can outperform a context-constant scheme with a statistically significant performance enhancement of about 1.4 BLEU points.

scholarly journals Are ideophones translatable? The case of translating isiZulu ideophones in DBZ Ntuli’s short story Uthingo Lwenkosazana (The Rainbow)

Literator ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mthikazi Rose Masubelele
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
To Come ◽  
Target Languages

The meaning of words comes into play when words as units of translation are to be translated from one language into another. Lexical items that are extant in one language but not in others pose enormous problems for translators. The translation of ideophones – which feature very prominently in African discourse – is a case in point in this article. Translators faced with the translation of such forms are required to come up with strategies to aptly express their meanings in the target text. This article seeks to establish how CSZ Ntuli, in his English translation of an isiZulu short story Uthingo Lwenkosazana by DBZ Ntuli, has translated some of the ideophones used by the original author. Translation strategies used by CSZ Ntuli in his translation to express the meanings of the isiZulu ideophones will be brought to light in this article. It will be confirmed that CSZ Ntuli, using different lexical forms in the target language, has effectively changed unfamiliar isiZulu cultural notions to concepts that the English target reader can relate to. It will also be shown that the meanings of the isiZulu ideophones can be expressed in the target language using approximation and amplification as translation strategies provided that the translator has a good command of both source and target languages. The discussion will also look at how various translation scholars view the notion of equivalence at word level, and research on ideophones in isiZulu will also be reviewed.

Messianic Meaning in Psalms 2, 8, 44: the View of Diodorus of Tarsus and Theodore of Mopsuestia

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-113
Author(s):  
Борис Тимофеев
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Theodore Of Mopsuestia ◽  
Exegetical Tradition

Цель статьи - реконструкция экзегетических принципов толкования диодором Тарсийским и Феодором Мопсуэстийским мессианских текстов в псалтири. Эти толкователи известны критическим подходом к прямой мессианской интерпретации пророческого провозвестия ветхого завета. Так, с их точки зрения, из всей псалтири только четыре псалма говорят непосредственно о христе и его времени. Это псалмы 2, 8, 44 и 109. поскольку толкования диодора и Феодора на 109й псалом в настоящее время недоступны, автор ограничился сравнительным анализом их комментариев на псалмы 2, 8 и 44. результаты сравнения помогают прояснить детали герменевтических принципов диодора и Феодора и определить их место в древней христианской экзегетической традиции. This article is an attempt to reconstruct the exegetical principles of the interpretation of messianic texts in the Psalms of Diodorus of Tarsus and Theodore of Mopsuestia. These interpreters are known for their critical approach to the direct messianic interpretation of the Old Testament prophetic proclamation. So, for example, from their point of view, of the entire Psalm, only four psalms speak directly about Christ and his time. These are 2, 8, 44, and 109 Psalms. Since the interpretation of Diodorus and Theodore on Psalm 109 is currently unavailable, we restrict ourselves to analyzing their comments on Psalms 2, 8, and 44. The results of the comparative analysis can help to clarify the details of the hermeneutic principles of Diodorus and Theodore and help determine their place in the ancient Christian exegetical tradition.

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