scholarly journals Research of existing tax systems in advanced economic countries

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Tax Systems

One of the key factors on which the effective functioning of the entire national economy depends is the organization of the state taxation system. Prospects for the reform of personal income tax are currently widely discussed with the aim of maximizing its fiscal functions and achieving equity taxation. Let us consider in more detail how foreign countries solve the problem of the fairness of taxation of personal income in the development of tax policy. The subject of the study is the foreign experience of taxation of personal income in countries with developed economies. The purpose of the study is to study the approaches to taxation of foreign countries in the current socio-economic conditions. Objective: to study the trends in the formation of the tax rate on personal income in countries with developed economies. General scientific methods are used: system analysis - to determine the specifics of tax development in economically developed countries; comparative analysis - to compare the principles in the formation of taxes in foreign countries and Ukraine. The following results were obtained: The prospects for the application of foreign experience in the taxation of personal income in Ukraine were considered. The analysis of income tax in Germany, France, Italy, Canada, the United States of America - the countries with the highest standards of living, according to the United Nations. The main features of income tax in these countries are identified, the possibility of borrowing them in the course of reforming the personal income tax in relation to Ukraine is assessed. Based on an analysis of the main approaches to taxation of personal income in countries with developed economies and Ukraine, a SWOT analysis was obtained. Conclusions: the tax systems of many states have their own historical prerequisites, are “adjusted” to the territorial and transgeographic features of countries, as well as their internal policies and the mentality of the population. Improving the efficiency of the tax system is really subject to the adjustment of the principles of taxation under the economic conditions of a particular state.

scholarly journals Development of Taxation of Income of Individuals in the Russian Federation Based on Foreign Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-421
Author(s):  
Alexandra O. Ryndina ◽  
◽  
Maria S. Zhverantseva ◽  
Tatiana E. Totikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Common

Introduction. The issue of reforming the taxation of personal income has not left the agenda in recent decades. The importance of solving this issue is determined by the high economic and social significance of personal income tax and its impact on the labor market and consumption. Theoretical analysis. The article analyzes the statistics of the Federal Tax Service on income tax on physical incomes in the budget system of the country, identifies and substantiates the problems of income taxation in the Russian Federation. Discussion of results. A study of the characteristics of income taxation in the United States, Norway and Sweden revealed the common features and differences in the principles of constructing a system of income taxation in the studied countries and the Russian Federation. The analysis made it possible to substantiate measures to improve the system of income taxation of the Russian Federation based on foreign experience and evaluate the expected effect of some measures.

scholarly journals PERSONAL INCOME TAX: EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Oksana TULAI ◽  
Andrii YAMELYNETS
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Foreign Countries

Introduction. In the current conditions of the integration movement of Ukraine to the European Union and the reform of the institutions of state power, the issue of studying foreign experience of the system of taxation of individuals' incomes is actualized. The application of effective practices of other states will contribute to increasing the fiscal role of the personal income tax in Ukraine, reducing social inequality and increasing the welfare of the population. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to find out the features, trends and problems of the functioning of the personal income tax in foreign countries. Results. The article deals with the foreign experience of functioning of the system of personal income taxation. The role and role of PIT in the EU and OECD countries is shown. The proportional and progressive approach to taxation of this tax is considered, their key advantages and disadvantages are determined. An analogy has been made between the European states, the OECD member states and Ukraine. The objective necessity of establishing a non-taxable minimum or partial exemption of citizens' incomes from taxes in the context of support of low-income categories of the population and ensuring social justice is substantiated. Conclusions. It is concluded that in developed countries, the progressive system of taxation of the PIT along with the minimum non-taxable minimum is an effective tool for generating budget revenues and solving social inequalities in society. Instead, third-world states can not use this mechanism in a qualitative way due to significant tax compliance problems. They apply a proportional taxation system for PIT that minimizes tax evasion and international competitiveness.

scholarly journals Opportunities for Simplification in the Personal Income Tax Systems of the Visegrad Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-553
Author(s):  
Éva Bonifert Szabóné
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Degree Of Approximation ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
It Use ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
The Impact

Due to the numerous factors that can influence the impact of the tax system and redistribution, there is no single correct answer to the question of which composition of economic policy instruments needs to be applied to achieve a desired redistributive effect. The general aim of the study is to investigate in relation to the quantifiable parameters of income tax systems, whether the consideration of the aspects of fairness and justice does have an excessively negative effect on the simplicity of tax systems. The study investigates the possibilities of simplifying the personal income tax system’s composition in some Central and Eastern European countries, while tax burden curves of the system remain as constant as possible. To this end, the study sets up a theoretical, simplified tax model, the parameters of which are determined by a computer program, in order to generate tax burden curves corresponding most closely to the curves of the real tax system. Based on the analysis, it can be established that the theoretical system – in some cases with restrictions – provides a good approximation to the tax burden curves of the investigated countries. The chosen simple model has a good degree of approximation to a real system that does not have significant breakpoints in its tax burden curves, nor does it use a taxation method that fundamentally modifies the system (e.g., splitting). Practical examples help to understand that a complex personal income tax system in a given country is not necessarily the only possible solution to achieve a given tax burden curve, the function may be reproduced with a good approximation constructed from simpler basic elements.

scholarly journals System and tax policy and population policy

Stanovnistvo ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 81-104
Author(s):  
Bozidar Raicevic ◽  
Brankica Gagic ◽  
Danijel Pantic
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
Economic Capacity

System and tax policy may be used for numerous purposes. That is, especially, the case with contemporary tax systems which are, among other features, based at the synthetic (global) taxation of the economic capacity of the natural persons. Besides the basic, fiscal, many other goals, may be reached through the taxation, including those which fall in the scope of the population policy. In this paper, modern tendencies have been analysed in achieving the goals of the population policy, which provide solutions in respect of the following tax instruments: personal income tax, corporate income tax, property tax and turnover tax. It has been emphasized that relatively numerous and differentiated possibilities exist in respect of the annual personal income tax and far less, with the other forms of taxation.

scholarly journals What are the Challenges in Designing An Effective Personal Income Tax System?

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Raeni Raeni ◽  
Astika Sari
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Personal View ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
High Compliance Rate ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
The Individual

This article aims to examine the challenges of designing individual’s income tax systems in general and particularly to observe taxpayers’ behaviour in developing countries. This study used case study approach to gain in depth understanding type of taxpayers’ attitude towards personal income tax systems. Based on the analyses, tax behaviour, which comprises the perception of fairness and motivation to comply, attracts urgent challenges in designing effective tax on personal income in every country and mainly underdeveloped countries. Every human being in each country has their social pattern towards tax policy. When the individual perception of fairness is significant, it will harmonise the ’client and service approach’ between taxpayers and governments. This condition would influence tax morale of individuals to comply with the policy and achieve high compliance rate. Therefore, it has argued that personal view of fairness and their motivation to comply with tax systems are becoming vital challenges in designing the tax policy on individual income. AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi tantangan-tantangan yang dihadapi dalam merancang sistem perpajakan untuk wajib pajak orang pribadi dan secara khusus menganalisa perilaku wajib pajak di negara-negara berkembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur untuk mendapatkan secara mendalam jenis perilaku wajib pajak penghasilan orang pribadi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis terkait perilaku pajak, yang terdiri dari persepsi keadilan dan motivasi untuk mematuhi memberikan tantangan tersendiri dalam merancang pajak yang berlaku atas penghasilan pribadi di setiap negara dan terutama negara-negara berkembang. Setiap individu memiliki pola yang berbeda ketika berinteraksi terhadap kebijakan pajak. Ketika persepsi individu terhadap keadilan adalah signifikan, hal itu akan menyelaraskan pendekatan ’client and service’ antara pembayar pajak dan pemerintah. Kondisi ini akan memengaruhi semangat individu untuk mematuhi kebijakan dan mencapai tingkat kepatuhan yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, asumsi bahwa pandangan individu terhadap keadilan dan motivasi untuk mematuhi sistem pajak menjadi tantangan penting dalam merancang kebijakan terhadap wajib pajak orang pribadi.Kata kunci: Pajak Penghasilan Orang Pribadi; Prinsip Keadilan; Moral Wajib PajakJEL classifications: E63

RESEARCH ON THE PERSONAL INCOME TAX APPLICATION TO WAGES IN THE BALTIC STATES

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Anita Puzule
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
The Baltic

Personal income tax and social insurance contributions must be paid on wages into the budget, the revenue of which most directly affects the changes in the number of persons engaged in the national economy and the increase of the average wage. To be able to evaluate how favourable the personal income tax systems applicable to employees are in the Baltic States, the author compares the factors that affect taxation and the tax burden in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, which have experienced tax reforms in the recent years. The aim of the research is to perform a comparative study of the requirements and issues of personal income tax application to wages in Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. The monographic, comparative and analytical analysis, logical construction, and grouping methods have been used in the research study. Based on the research study, the author has concluded that despite the similarities in the personal income tax systems, each Baltic state has different normative regulation. The tax burden on Estonian taxpayers relative to wages is lower than that in Lithuania and Latvia.  

scholarly journals Missed Opportunities of Simplification Regarding Personal Income Tax Systems in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-358
Author(s):  
Éva Szabóné Bonifert
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Current System ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Theoretical System ◽  
Tax Systems

The paper investigates – considering also the simplified basic elements of the current system – the possibilities of simplifying the Hungarian personal income tax system’s composition in the previous years, while tax burden curves of the system change as little as possible. Tax burden curves of the theoretical, simplified tax model established for this investigation are fitted to the curves of the real tax system, while the parameters of the theoretical model are determined by a computer program. Since the modern Hungarian income taxation had been introduced, the system has long been subject to a wide variety of changes concerning the basic elements examined in the study. Selecting some of these years of changes, the study analyses the possibilities for simplification in order to ask the question again: whether it is necessary to maintain complex tax systems at all costs, possibly in favour of achieving the most equitable income tax system. The results of the investigation indicate that our simpler theoretical system could have replaced with a good approximation the elements of Hungarian tax systems of previous years with multi-bracket and sometimes complicated tax credit, which even applied more tax benefit elements compared to the theoretical system. On this basis, it may be an important aspect also for the more distant future that in the course of developing personal income tax systems, the sophisticated equity of the systems should be observed through the mathematical spectacles of simplification options.

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