scholarly journals The threshold and semantic characteristics of fast transient visual-perceptive processes in patients with affective disorders

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Medical Psychology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multifactor Models ◽  
Verbal Stimuli ◽  
Time Required

The article is devoted to the currently topical problem of modern medical psychology, namely the study of conscious and unconscious perceptual-information processes in patients with affective disorders. The aim of the work was to determine the thresholds and semantic components of visual perception in patients with various forms of affective disorders. The latest method of ultrafast (tachistoscopic) demonstration of visual verbal stimuli was used to examine 23 patients with depression and anxiety-depressive disorders. The obtained results are compared with similar indicants of the control group, which consisted of 15 mentally healthy individuals, and analyzed using Student's criterion, one-way and multifactor models of analysis of variance. It has been shown that in the presence of an affective disorder, the threshold exposure time required for reliable identification of visual verbal stimuli is on average more than three times higher, i.e. is much worse than a similar perceptual threshold in individuals without mental disorders. Thus, in affective disorders there is inhibition and suppression of not only emotional and psychomotor, but visual-perceptual processes as well. It is proved that the time thresholds of visual perception significantly depend not only on the presence of emotional disorders, but also on their psychopathological structure, as well as on the age factor. In depressed patients, visual-perceptual disorders are much more pronounced than in patients with anxiety-depressive disorders, namely: in depression, the minimal absolute sensory thresholds are significantly higher, more attempts are made to adapt the visual analyzer, and this deficit is significantly increased depending on age. In patients with depressive and anxiety-depressive disorders also revealed significant features of psychosemantic components of the mechanisms of recognition of verbal stimuli, which consists in a kind of unconscious filtering of the latter with a predominant perception of words with negative emotional loading. The obtained results might be meaningful in the process of developing the new diagnostic methods for affective disorders and in creating the personalized psycho-correctional programs based on the methodological principles of subsensory stimulation.

scholarly journals Cognitive impairments in patients with treatment resistant epilepsy and complex rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Korostiy ◽  
Iryna Blazhina
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quality Of Life Scale ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Background. The study of features of comorbid pathology in patients with epilepsy is of particular interest due to the high prevalence of this pathology and a significant impact on the quality of life of patients and their social adaptation. Aim. The aim of the research was to detect versatile cognitive impairments and affective disorders in epilepsy, and to study the results of cognitive training and psychoeducation. Materials and methods. The theoretical analysis of modern scientific researches in the field of cognitive and affective impairments during epilepsy was carried out. We studied the features of clinical and psychopathological manifestations in patients, suffering from epilepsy. The study covered 146patients (85 men and 61 women) who were in inpatient care. The following psychodiagnostic techniques were used: the MOCA test, the Toronto Cognitive Assessment (TorCA), the MiniMult test, the Münsterberg test, the quality of life scale, the Hamilton scale of depression and anxiety. Results. This publication offers the results of a study of cognitive and affective disorders the quality of life in patients who suffer from epilepsy and the results of online cognitive training and psychoeducation. We found cognitive decline in 88% of patients with epilepsy and improvement of cognitive functions by methods of non-pharmacological correction. Conclusions. Affective and cognitive disorders significantly affects the quality of life of patients, their ability to work and socialization. The conducted research showed that compared to the control group of healthy persons, patients with epilepsy showed improvement in their cognitive decline, anxiety and depressive disorders. Cognitive online training appeared to be effective for the patients with epilepsy.

scholarly journals CLINICAL-DYNAMIC AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF POLYMORPHISM AND EFFICACY OF THERAPY OF MOOD DISORDERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
E. D. Schastnyy ◽  
G. G. Simutkin ◽  
E. V. Lebedeva ◽  
A. L. Yakovleva ◽  
I. S. Losenkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Artery Disease

Objective: to study clinical-biological features of affective disorders including their comorbidity with coronary artery disease and personality disorders and efficacy of psychopharmacotherapy in these patients.Material and Methods. In the first group at a heart station 290 patients with chronic coronary artery disease and affective disorders (209 men and 81 women) were fully examined. The second group included 120 patients (40 men and 80 women) of a psychiatric hospital with affective disorder comorbid with personality disorders. The third group included the study of 29 patients with depressive disorders and a control group (n=21).Results. Data on significant clinical-dynamic, biological and therapeutic features of affective disorders comorbid with coronary artery disease were obtained. It was revealed that presence of a comorbid personality disorder in the case of affective disorders causes the necessity to use a combined psychopharmacotherapy more frequently, worsens indicators of the efficacy of the psychopharmacotherapy of current episode of depression, and increases negative estimation of their social adaptation by these patients. Dysregulation of the processes of programmed cell death in patients with depressive disorders was found.Conclusion. Obtained data testified to the high degree of comorbidity of affective disorders with coronary artery disease and personality disorders which worsened the prediction of the course and indicators of the efficacy of psychopharmacotherapy of these disorders. In patients with depressive disorders the specific weight of mononuclears of peripheral blood was increased in the state of apoptosis.

scholarly journals Development and Testing of Experimental Psychological Techniques for the Study of Unconscious Visual-Perceptual Processes

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Verbal Stimulus ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Psychological Techniques ◽  
Threshold Time ◽  
Conscious Level

The work is devoted to the actual problem of research of visual-perceptual processes that take place on an unconscious level. There is a shortage of reliable and informative psychodiagnostic tools, specially designed to study unconscious perceptual and mnestic phenomena in mentally healthy people and in the persons with affective disorders. It is emphasized that when creating such techniques, it is necessary to take into account the influence of emotional disorders on the course of basic mental processes. Three new experimental psychological techniques have been developed, aimed at research and objectification of transient conscious and unconscious perceptual-informational processes. The technique of forming a subsensory stimulus is a step-by-step determination of the exact threshold time of exposure, in which one verbal stimulus out of three demonstrated ones remains unidentified at the conscious level, i.e. subsensory. The technique of psychophysiological confirmation of the significance of a subsensory stimulus is an automated registration-analytical procedure, which involves the use of a serial digital polygraph "Rheocom-stress" and allows you to identify the words most significant to the subject, regardless of the level of subjective awareness of that significance. The technique of detecting unconscious perceptual-mnestic fixation of subsensory stimuli is a method of studying the effect of involuntary memorization, retention and reproduction of subsensory stimuli. Approbation of the developed experimental psychological techniques was performed on the sample of 38 people, including 23 patients with affective disorders and 15 mentally healthy people. It is shown that the thresholds of visual perception in patients with affective disorders are almost three times higher than in the control group. The effect of perceptual-mnestic fixation was confirmed by one or more methods in 100% of the cases. The results of the approbation conclusively testify to the high sensitivity and informativeness of the approach used.

Application of the Measurement of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness for Prediction of the Essential Hypertension in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1550-1553
Author(s):  
Rosana Manea ◽  
Bianca Elena Popovici ◽  
Carmen Daniela Neculoiu ◽  
Dan Minea ◽  
Alina Calin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Hypertension In Children

Hypertension is a major risk factor for progression of the atherosclerotic process and for developing of degenerative cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. The aim of this study is to evaluate how the measurement of carotid intima - media thickness for prediction of essential hypertension in children can be used.The study group included 81 children and the control group 61 children, all aged between 5 - 17 years and 11 months old, and admitted in Children Hospital Brasov in the period of 2009 � 2014. The study protocol included: BMI, blood pressure and Doppler echography of the common carotid artery for each group. Mean age of the patients from the study group was 13.67 years, 43.20 % girls and 56.80 % boys, while in the control group, the mean age was 14.07 years, 54.10% girls and 45.90 % boys. 70.37% of the children from the study group presented obesity, while in the control group 40.98% were obese. The IMTC study group ranged from 0.52 - 0.69 mm and the limits of the normotensive subjects were 0.32 -0.54 mm. In both groups the obese patients were found to have increased carotid artery intima-media, which means that IMTC was positively correlated with BMI (p=0.000001).It is necessary to identify diagnostic methods easily applicable for children, allowing involvement of the characteristics of the arterial wall in the degenerative pathological processes. Increased intima-media ratio is positively correlated with high values of blood pressure.

scholarly journals Targeting the CCL2-CCR2 axis in depressive disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Curzytek ◽  
Monika Leśkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Receptor System ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Abnormal Brain

AbstractSince affective disorders are considered to be underlain by the immune system malfunction, an important role in their pathophysiology is assigned to the proinflammatory mediators. Recently, chemokines, the group of chemotactic cytokines, have become a focus for basic and clinical scientists in the context of the development and treatment of brain diseases. Among them, chemokine CCL2 and its main receptor CCR2 have become candidate mediators of abnormal brain-immune system dialogue in depression. Besides the chemotactic activity, the CCL2-CCR2 axis is involved in various neurobiological processes, neurogenesis, neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, as well as neuroregeneration. Given the range of immunomodulatory possibilities that the CCL2-CCR2 pair can exert on the nervous system, its proinflammatory properties were initially thought to be a major contributor to the development of depressive disorders. However, further research suggests that the malfunctions of the nervous system are rather associated with impaired homeostatic properties manifested by the CCL2-CCR2 dyad dysfunctions. This review aims to present literature data on the action of the CCL2-CCR2 axis in the central nervous system under physiological and pathological conditions, as well as the contribution of this ligand-receptor system to the processes underlying affective disorders. Additionally, this article draws attention to the importance of the CCL2-CRR2 pathway as a potential pharmacological target with antidepressant potential.

WoundClot® Hemostatic Gauze Reduces Bleeding Time after Arterial Venous Fistula Decannulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Orit Kliuk-Ben Bassat ◽  
Doron Schwartz ◽  
Alexander Zubkov ◽  
Amir Gal-Oz ◽  
Alexander Gorevoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dialysis Adequacy ◽  
Cotton Gauze ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Venous Fistula ◽  
Thrombosis Rate

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Decannulation of the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) after each hemodialysis session requires a precise compression on the needle puncture site. The objective of our study was to evaluate the bleeding time (BT) needed to achieve hemostasis using WoundClot, an innovative hemostatic gauze, and to assess whether its long-term use can improve AVF preservation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a prospective single center study. Initially, the time to hemostasis after AVF decannulation was compared between WoundClot and cotton gauze in 24 prevalent hemodialysis patients. Thereafter, the patients continued to use WoundClot for 12 months and were compared to a control group consisting of 25 patients using regular cotton gauze. Follow-up data included parameters of dialysis adequacy, AVF interventions, and thrombotic events. <b><i>Results:</i></b> WoundClot use shortened significantly the time needed for hemostasis. Mean venous BT decreased by 3.99 (±4.6) min and mean arterial BT by 6.38 (±4.8) min when using WoundClot compared to cotton gauze (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). At the end of the study, dialysis adequacy expressed by spKt/V was higher in the WoundClot group compared to control (1.73 vs. 1.53, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.047). Although patients in WoundClot group had a higher baseline BT, arterial and venous pressures did not differ between the groups after a median follow up of 10.8 months. AVF thrombosis rate was similar between the groups. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> WoundClot hemostatic gauze significantly reduced the time required for hemostasis after AVF decannulation and may be associated with better AVF preservation. We suggest using WoundClot for arterial BT longer than 15 min and for venous BT longer than 12.5 min.

scholarly journals POS1065 CIRCULATING ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AS A MARKER OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 811.1-811
Author(s):  
S. Smiyan ◽  
A. Bilukha ◽  
B. Koshak
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Circulating Endothelial Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk

Background:Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease which develops in patients with psoriasis. Mortality among patients with PsA is 1.28 times higher than population levels and in most cases it is caused by cardio-vascular diseases (CVD). Those patients have increased risk of clinical and subclinical CVD, mostly due to endothelial dysfunction (ED) and accelerated atherosclerosis. Elevated levels of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) have been described in different cardiovascular pathologies, suggesting their potential use as diagnostic biomarkers for dysfunction of endothelium.Objectives:To identify the potential role of circulating endothelial cells as a marker of cardiovascular diseases in patients with psoriatic arthritis.Methods:In total, ninety-four patients with PsA, who fulfilled the disease criteria (CASPAR) were examined using standard diagnostic methods (including C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid profile) and evaluation endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to reactive hyperemia (EDVD). Circulating endothelial cells were determined in the peripheral venous blood samples by flow cytometry and counted according to a standardized protocol using a fluorescence microscope after acridine orange labeling. The control group, which were consisted from thirty healthy adults were also examined.Results:CEC were quantified in patients with PsA (7,15 ± 0,19 cells mL−1) and in the control group (4,05 ± 0,11 cells mL−1). Comparing two groups of patients, endothelial circulating cell level was significantly different (p = 0.0001). Finally, we analyzed the relationship between CEC count, comorbidities, cardiovascular risk factors and EDVD in patients with PsA. Increased CEC levels were associated with obesity (r=0,62), duration of disease (r=0,65), age (r=0,67), increased CRP (r=0,76), high blood pressure (r=0,87) and decreased EDVD (r=–0,91).Conclusion:CEC counts were significantly higher in patients with PsA, positively correlated with the main factors of CVD, and another specific marker of ED - EDVD. Elevated CEC levels were also associated with high concentrations of CRP, which plays a direct role in promoting vascular inflammation, vessel damage and clinical CVD events. In conclusion, increased CEC counts provide a direct proof of endothelial damage in patient with PsA and a clinically informative diagnostic tool for endothelial damage in pre-symptomatic CVD. As CEC are one of the most sensitive biomarker for ED, further efforts should concentrate on improving the sensitivity of its detection in order to increase diagnostic sensitivity.References:[1]Maura Farinacci, Thomas Krahn, Wilfried Dinh, et al. Circulating endothelial cells as biomarker for cardiovascular diseases. Res Pract Thromb Haemost, Vol. 3, Issue, 2019, P.49-58;[2]C. Horreau, C. Pouplard, E. Brenautet, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a systematic literature review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, Vol. 27, Issue 3, 2013, P.12-19;[3]Frank Verhoeven, Clément Prati, Céline Demougeot, Daniel Wendling. Cardiovascular risk in psoriatic arthritis, a narrative review. Joint Bone Spine, Vol. 87, Issue 5, 2020, P.413-418;Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

Effectiveness of Individualized Instruction for Kindergarten Children with a Developmental Lag

1971 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Spollen ◽  
Bonnie L. Ballif
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Individualized Instruction ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
General Development

A curriculum emphasizing instruction in areas of greatest deficit was provided to children demonstrating a developmental lag. Of 135 children so classified, 90 were placed in an experimental program and 45 participated as a control group in a regular kindergarten program. A second control group consisted of 45 randomly selected developmentally normal subjects also in a regular kindergarten program. Mean score differences between groups and sexes for general development, visual perception, language, and general readiness were obtained. Analysis of covariance showed no significant differences by treatment or sex on any of the criterion measures.

Does Self-reporting Facilitate History Taking in Food Poisoning Mass-casualty Incidents?

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-I Hsu ◽  
Ying C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Mass Casualty Incidents ◽  
Control Group ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractIntroductionMedical history is an important contributor to diagnosis and patient management. In mass-casualty incidents (MCIs), health care providers are often overwhelmed by large numbers of casualties. An efficient, reliable, and affordable method of information collection is essential for effective health care response.Hypothesis/ProblemIn some MCIs, self-reporting of symptoms can decrease the time required for history taking, without sacrificing the completeness of triage information.MethodsTwo resident doctors and a number of seventh graders who had previous experience of abdominal discomfort were invited to join this study. A questionnaire was developed to collect information on common symptoms in food poisoning. Each question was scored, and enrolled students were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group students answered the questionnaire first and then were interviewed to complete the medical history. The control group students were interviewed in the traditional way to collect medical history. Time of all interviews was measured and recorded. The time needed to complete the history taking and completeness of obtained information were compared with students’ t tests, or Mann-Whitney U tests, based on the normality of data. Comprehensibility of each question, scored by enrolled students, was reported by descriptive statistics.ResultsThere were 41 students enrolled: 22 in the experimental group and 19 in the control group. Time to complete history taking in the experimental group (163.0 seconds, SD=52.3) was shorter than that in the control group (198.7 seconds, SD=40.9) (P=.010). There was no difference in the completeness of history obtained between the experimental group and the control group (94.8%, SD=5.0 vs 94.2%, SD=6.1; P=.747). Between the two doctors, no significant difference was found in the time required for history taking (185.2 seconds, SD=42.2 vs 173.1 seconds, SD=58.6; P=.449), or the completeness of information (94.1%, SD=5.9 vs 95.0%, SD=5.0; P=.601). Most of the questions were scored “good” in comprehensibility.ConclusionSelf-reporting of symptoms can shorten the time of history taking during a food poisoning mass-casualty event without sacrificing the completeness of information.HsuY, HuangYC. Does self-reporting facilitate history taking in food poisoning mass-casualty incidents?Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(4):1-4.

scholarly journals Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy versus Laparoscopic Banded Sleeve Gastrectomy: First Prospective Pilot Randomized Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Tognoni ◽  
Domenico Benavoli ◽  
Emanuela Bianciardi ◽  
Federico Perrone ◽  
Simona Ippoliti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Intraoperative Complications ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bodyweight Loss ◽  
Relevant Difference ◽  
Banded Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Time Required

Introduction. The placement of ring or band around the gastric tube might prevent the dilation after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG). We describe the first randomized study comparing LSG and Laparoscopic Banded Sleeve Gastrectomy (LBSG).Material and Method. Fifty obese patients were enrolled in the study between January 2014 and January 2015. We analysed differences in operative time, complication rate, mortality, and BMI between the two groups over a period of 12 months.Results. Twenty-five patients received LSG (group A) and 25 LBSG (group B). The mean preoperative BMI was47.3±6.58 kg/m2and44.95±5.85 kg/m2, respectively, in the two groups. There was no statistical relevant difference in operative time. No intraoperative complications occurred. Mean BMI registered after 3, 6, and 12 months in groups A and B, respectively, were37.86±5.72 kg/m2and37.58±6.21 kg/m2(p=0.869),33.64±6.08 kg/m2and32.03±5.24 kg/m2(p=0.325), and29.72±4.40 kg/m2and27.42±4.47 kg/m2(p=0.186); no statistical relevant difference was registered between the two groups.Conclusion. LBSG is a safe and feasible procedure. The time required for the device positioning did not influence significantly the surgical time. The results of bodyweight loss did not document any statistically significant differences among the two groups, even though LBSG group showed a mean BMI slightly lower than that of the control group.

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