scholarly journals The role of the muscular system in the pathogenesis of thrombotic complications of the lower extremities in cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
Endothelial Lining ◽  
Cancer Of The Pancreas ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group B

Introduction. Thrombosis occurs in 15 % of cancer patients, most of these thrombosis is localized in the venous system of the lower extremities. In addition to biological and chemical factors that increase thrombosis, changes in the muscles of the lower extremities play an important role. Disorders of hemodynamic and metabolic processes in the muscles of the lower extremities lead to morphological changes and increase the risk of thrombosis in cancer patients. The aim of the study. Investigate morphological changes in the muscles of the lower extremities and evaluate their role in the formation of thrombosis in cancer patients. Materials and methods. Histological examination of 90 patients, which were divided into four groups depending on the location of the cancer process and the cause of death. The first group A – 34 patients with colon cancer, the second group B – 20 patients with pancreatic cancer, patients from these groups died as a result of thromboembolism. Group B – 19 patients, and group G – 17 patients - people whose cause of death was not thromboembolism. The analysis of biomaterial by means of histological and polarization methods of research is carried out. Additionally, electron microscopy of the obtained biopsy materials was performed. The number of citrate blood endothelial cells was determined in all subjects according to the method of J. Hladovez. Research results and their discussion. The study revealed a large number of morphological changes in blood vessels and muscle fibers. The data obtained indicate that patients with cancer of the pancreas and colon have significant changes in the endothelial lining of the venules and areterioles. All cells have signs of interstitial edema, changes in organelles and signs of hemodynamic disturbances. In some areas, there were complete atrophy of some muscle fibers and compensatory hypertrophy of others. Studies have shown areas of sarcoplasmic homogenization and myocytolysis. Conclusions. In the case of cancer of the pancreas or/and colon, there is significant damage to the endothelium of the vessels of the lower extremities, there are dystrophic-atrophic changes in the muscles with impaired function. Cells suffer from interstitial and perivascular edema, there are contractures of change, myocytolysis. Morphological changes lead to disruption of their function of damage, myocytolysis and remodeling of muscle fibers. The result is an increased risk of thrombosis with subsequent thrombus consideration and a possible risk of pulmonary embolism.

598: Increased Risk of Newly Diagnosed Comorbidities in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 200-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Gallina ◽  
Pierre I. Karakiewicz ◽  
Jochen Walz ◽  
Claudio Jeldres ◽  
Quoc-Dien Trinh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Increased Risk

VTE risk assessment in cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
I. Pabinger ◽  
C. Ay
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Medical Oncology ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Ambulatory Setting ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment Models ◽  
Increased Risk

SummaryVenous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality, and its prevention is of major clinical importance. However, the VTE rates in the cancer population vary between 0.5% - 20%, depending on cancer-, treatment- and patient-related factors. The most important contributors to VTE risk are the tumor entity, stage and certain anticancer treatments. Cancer surgery represents a strong risk factor for VTE, and medical oncology patients are at increased risk of developing VTE, especially when receiving chemotherapy or immunomodulatory drugs. Also biomarkers have been investigated for their usefulness to predict risk of VTE (e.g. elevated leukocyte and platelet counts, soluble P-selectin, D-dimer, etc.). In order to identify cancer patients at high risk of VTE and to improve risk stratification, risk assessment models have been developed, which contain both clinical parameters and biomarkers. While primary thromboprophylaxis with lowmolecular- weight-heparin (LMWH) is recommended postoperatively for a period of up to 4 weeks after major cancer surgery, the evidence is less clear for medical oncology patients. Thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized medical oncology patients is advocated, and is based on results of randomized controlled trials which evaluated the efficacy and safety of LMWH for prevention of VTE in hospitalized medically ill patients. In recent trials the benefit of primary thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in the ambulatory setting has been investigated. However, at the present stage primary thromboprophylaxis for prevention of VTE in these patients is still a matter of debate and cannot be recommended for all cancer outpatients.

How Valid are Patient Reports of Family History of Illness?

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 162-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Harris ◽  
W. Margaret ◽  
Kathleen Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Death Certificate ◽  
Recall Rate ◽  
Patient Reports ◽  
Small Subgroup ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Histories

The recall rate of patients’ family medical histories was studied in 200 cancer and non-cancer patients. Data on age and cause of death for parents and grandparents were collected. Although most patients knew the age and cause of death of parents, less than half knew for grandparents. Cancer patients had significantly greater recall for maternally related relatives. A subsample of patients’ family medical histories was compared to death certificate data. Patients’ reports were found to be highly inaccurate. Since only a small subgroup could provide medical history data for grandparents, the generaliz-ability for history of family illness is questioned.

EFFECTS OF SMOKING ON THE DISEASE PROGNOSIS IN CANCER PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-329
Author(s):  
David Zaridze ◽  
Anush Mukeriya
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Smoking Intensity ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Disease Prognosis ◽  
Increased Risk

Smoking not only increases the risk of the development of malignant tumors (MT), but affects the disease prognosis, mortality and survivability of cancer patients. The link between the smoking of cancer patients and increased risk of death by all diseases and oncological causes has been established. Mortality increases with the growth of the smoking intensity, i.e. the number of cigarettes, smoked per day. Smoking is associated with the worst general and oncological survivability. The statistically trend-line between the smoking intensity and survivability was observed: each additional unit of cigarette consumption (pack/year) leads to the Overall Survival Reduction by 1% (p = 0.002). The link between smoking and the risk of developing second primary tumors has been confirmed. Smoking increases the likelihood of side effects of the antitumor therapy both drug therapy and radiation therapy and reduces the treatment efficacy. The smoking cessation leads to a significant improvement in the prognosis of a cancer patient. Scientific data on the negative effect of smoking on the prognosis of cancer patients have a major clinical importance. The treatment program for cancer patients should include science-based methods for the smoking cessation. The latter is fundamentally important, taking into account that the smoking frequency among cancer patients is much higher than in the population.

ctDNA as a prognostic factor in operable colon cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Yekedüz ◽  
Elif Berna Köksoy ◽  
Hakan Akbulut ◽  
Yüksel Ürün ◽  
Güngör Utkan
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Inverse Variance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Tumor Dna

Aim: Using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) instead of historical clinicopathological factors to select patients for adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) may reduce inappropriate therapy. Material & methods: MEDLINE was searched on March 31, 2020. Studies, including data related to the prognostic value of ctDNA in the colon cancer patients after surgery and after ACT, were included. The generic inverse-variance method with a random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. Results: Four studies were included for this meta-analysis. ctDNA-positive colon cancer patients after surgery and ACT had a significantly increased risk of recurrence compared with ctDNA-negative patients. Conclusions: ctDNA is an independent prognostic factor, and this meta-analysis is a significant step for using ctDNA instead of historical prognostic factors in the adjuvant setting.

Fas gene promoter –670 polymorphism in gynecological cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ueda ◽  
Y. Terai ◽  
K. Kanda ◽  
M. Kanemura ◽  
M. Takehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Germ Line Polymorphism

Single-nucleotide polymorphism at −670 of Fas gene promoter (A/G) was examined in a total of 354 blood samples from normal healthy women and gynecological cancer patients. They consisted of 95 normal, 83 cervical, 108 endometrial, and 68 ovarian cancer cases. Eighty-three patients with cervical cancer had statistically higher frequency of GG genotype and G allele than 95 controls (P= 0.0353 and 0.0278, respectively). There was no significant difference in the genotype or allele prevalence between control subjects and endometrial or ovarian cancer patients. The Fas −670 GG genotype was associated with an increased risk for the development of cervical cancer (OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.08–6.10) compared with the AA genotype. The G allele also increased the risk of cervical cancer (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.05–2.43) compared with the A allele. Germ-line polymorphism of Fas gene promoter −670 may be associated with the risk of cervical cancer in a Japanese population.

scholarly journals Causes of death and comorbidities in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefer Elezkurtaj ◽  
Selina Greuel ◽  
Jana Ihlow ◽  
Edward Georg Michaelis ◽  
Philip Bischoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Full Body

AbstractInfection by the new corona virus strain SARS-CoV-2 and its related syndrome COVID-19 has been associated with more than two million deaths worldwide. Patients of higher age and with preexisting chronic health conditions are at an increased risk of fatal disease outcome. However, detailed information on causes of death and the contribution of pre-existing health conditions to death yet is missing, which can be reliably established by autopsy only. We performed full body autopsies on 26 patients that had died after SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 at the Charité University Hospital Berlin, Germany, or at associated teaching hospitals. We systematically evaluated causes of death and pre-existing health conditions. Additionally, clinical records and death certificates were evaluated. We report findings on causes of death and comorbidities of 26 decedents that had clinically presented with severe COVID-19. We found that septic shock and multi organ failure was the most common immediate cause of death, often due to suppurative pulmonary infection. Respiratory failure due to diffuse alveolar damage presented as immediate cause of death in fewer cases. Several comorbidities, such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and obesity were present in the vast majority of patients. Our findings reveal that causes of death were directly related to COVID-19 in the majority of decedents, while they appear not to be an immediate result of preexisting health conditions and comorbidities. We therefore suggest that the majority of patients had died of COVID-19 with only contributory implications of preexisting health conditions to the mechanism of death.

scholarly journals Prospective study of hair recovery after (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy with scalp cooling in Japanese breast cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shozo Ohsumi ◽  
Sachiko Kiyoto ◽  
Mina Takahashi ◽  
Seiki Takashima ◽  
Kenjiro Aogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Scalp Cooling ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Chemotherapy Infusion ◽  
Group A ◽  
Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Group B

Abstract Purpose Scalp cooling during chemotherapy infusion to mitigate alopecia for breast cancer patients is becoming widespread; however, studies regarding hair recovery after chemotherapy with scalp cooling are limited. We conducted a prospective study of hair recovery after chemotherapy with scalp cooling. Patients and methods One hundred and seventeen Japanese female breast cancer patients who completed planned (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy using the Paxman Scalp Cooling System for alopecia prevention were evaluated for alopecia prevention in our prospective study. We evaluated their hair recovery 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 months after chemotherapy. Primary outcomes were grades of alopecia judged by two investigators (objective grades) and patients’ answers to the questionnaire regarding the use of a wig or hat (subjective grades). Results Of 117 patients, 75 completed scalp cooling during the planned chemotherapy cycles (Group A), but 42 discontinued it mostly after the first cycle (Group B). Objective and subjective grades were significantly better in Group A than in Group B throughout 1 year, and at 4 and 7 months after chemotherapy. When we restricted patients to those with objective Grade 3 (hair loss of > 50%) at 1 month, Group A exhibited slightly faster hair recovery based on the objective grades than Group B. There was less persistent alopecia in Group A than in Group B. Conclusions Scalp cooling during chemotherapy infusion for Japanese breast cancer patients increased the rate of hair recovery and had preventive effects against persistent alopecia.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Inequalities and Ethnicity Are Associated with a Positive COVID-19 Test among Cancer Patients in the UK Biobank Cohort

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1514
Author(s):  
Shing Fung Lee ◽  
Maja Nikšić ◽  
Bernard Rachet ◽  
Maria-Jose Sanchez ◽  
Miguel Angel Luque-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Incident Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exposure Variable ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Deprived Areas

We explored the role of socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 incidence among cancer patients during the first wave of the pandemic. We conducted a case-control study within the UK Biobank cohort linked to the COVID-19 tests results available from 16 March 2020 until 23 August 2020. The main exposure variable was socioeconomic status, assessed using the Townsend Deprivation Index. Among 18,917 participants with an incident malignancy in the UK Biobank cohort, 89 tested positive for COVID-19. The overall COVID-19 incidence was 4.7 cases per 1000 incident cancer patients (95%CI 3.8–5.8). Compared with the least deprived cancer patients, those living in the most deprived areas had an almost three times higher risk of testing positive (RR 2.6, 95%CI 1.1–5.8). Other independent risk factors were ethnic minority background, obesity, unemployment, smoking, and being diagnosed with a haematological cancer for less than five years. A consistent pattern of socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 among incident cancer patients in the UK highlights the need to prioritise the cancer patients living in the most deprived areas in vaccination planning. This socio-demographic profiling of vulnerable cancer patients at increased risk of infection can inform prevention strategies and policy improvements for the coming pandemic waves.

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