scholarly journals CLINICAL EFFICIENCY OF LEEVOFLOXACIN IN COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH NON-HOSPITAL PNEUMONIA

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
The Creation ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Tract Infections

The results of the study, during which the effectiveness of levofloxacin in the treatment of patients with non-hospital pneumonia was assessed in the article. Levofloxacin, according to clinical studies, is indicated to patients for the treatment of respiratory tract infections (acute bronchitis, pneumonia, lung abscess, exacerbation of chronic lung diseases, etc.), infections of the kidneys and urinary system, uncomplicated infections of the skin and soft tissues, infections of bone tissue and joints, infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, etc. The advantage of levofloxacin and other new fluoroquinolones is their improved activity against S. pneumoniae and high efficacy against most causative agents of infectious diseases of the lower respiratory tract. The action of this drug is associated with a wide distribution in the tissues and the creation of high concentrations in biological media that exceed plasma concentrations. Levofloxacin is characterized by minimal metabolism, good penetration and the creation of high concentrations in lung tissue, sputum, bronchial secretions, alveolar macrophages, which is very important in the treatment of patients with respiratory infections. All this was the basis for the use of levofloxacin as an etiotropic drug for the treatment of patients with non-hospital pneumonia (NP). In the work it was shown that levofloxacin (Abifloks) is a highly effective antibacterial drug for the treatment of NP with varying degrees of severity. Positive dynamics of the clinical manifestations of the disease was noted already on the 3rd day after the start of therapy. In addition, Abifloks has good therapeutic tolerance in patients with non-hospital pneumonia. The identified side effects were short-lived and did not require additional drug correction and discontinuation of the drug. The optimally chosen dosing regimen (500 mg intravenously once) allows maximum adherence to the intake regimen and maintaining the necessary concentration in the inflammatory focus, which affects the clinical and bacteriological effectiveness of the therapy.

Respiratory tract damage with bocavirus infection in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
E. V. Sharipova ◽  
I. V. Babachenko ◽  
M. A. Shcherbatyh
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Damage

Long time the main pathogens associated with the development of community-acquired pneumonia were bacteria. However, in recent years in the Russian Federation, like all over the world, the view of the damage of lower respiratory tract changed, including a unique approach to community-acquired pneumonia as a bacterial infection, and respiratory viruses have become seen as a direct cause of lower respiratory tract damage, or as part of a viral-bacterial co-infection. These studies became possible since the widespread introduction of PCR techniques in the clinical setting, identification of respiratory viruses has increased and new microorganisms such, one as human bocavirus have been discovered. Objective: to study the features of respiratory tract damage in acute bocavirus infection in children of different ages. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of 97 medical hospital documentation of children with acute bocavirus infection, detected confirmed by PCR in nasopharyngeal aspirate. Results: In this work, it was shown that human bocavirus spread throughout the year with an increase in the incidence of clinically significant forms in the autumnwinter period, including during the period of an increase in the incidence of influenza. HBoV infection requiring hospitals is most significant in the first three years of life. In 74.2% of hospitalized children, bocavirus infection occurs with lower respiratory tract infections in the form of bronchitis — 77.8%, pneumonia — 28.9% and rarely bronchiolitis and is complicated by the development of respiratory failure in 28.9% of cases. Changes in the blood test are non-specific, and the level of C-reactive protein in children with various clinical manifestations of HBoV infection generally does not exceed 50 mg / l. An x-ray of the chest organs does not objectively reflect the existing volume and nature of the inflammatory process in the lungs.

scholarly journals Extracellular amoebal-vesicles: potential transmission vehicles for respiratory viruses

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafik Dey ◽  
Melanie A. Folkins ◽  
Nicholas J. Ashbolt
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Environmental Persistence ◽  
Viral Dissemination ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractHuman respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute respiratory tract infections in children and immunocompromised adults worldwide. Here we report that amoebae-release respirable-sized vesicles containing high concentrations of infectious RSV that persisted for the duration of the experiment. Given the ubiquity of amoebae in moist environments, our results suggest that extracellular amoebal-vesicles could contribute to the environmental persistence of respiratory viruses, including potential resistance to disinfection processes and thereby offering novel pathways for viral dissemination and transmission.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Stewardship in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Using Procalcitonin

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. s31-s32
Author(s):  
Amanda Gusovsky ◽  
David Burgess ◽  
Donna Burgess ◽  
Emily Slade ◽  
Chris Delcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: A team of infectious diseases physicians, infectious diseases pharmacists, clinical laboratorians, and researchers collaborated to assess the management of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). In 1 sample from our institution, 96.1% of pneumonia cases were prescribed antibiotics, compared to 85.0% in a comparison group. A collaborative effort led to the development of a protocol for procalcitonin (PCT)-guided antibiotic prescribing that was approved by several hospital committees, including the Antimicrobial Stewardship Committee and the Healthcare Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee in December 2020. The aim of this analysis was to develop baseline information on PCT ordering and antibiotic prescribing patterns in LRTIs. Methods: We evaluated all adult inpatients (March–September 2019 and 2020) with a primary diagnosis of LRTI who received at least 1 antibiotic. Two cohorts were established to observe any potential differences in the 2 most recent years prior to adoption of the PCT protocol. Data (eg, demographics, specific diagnosis, length of stay, antimicrobial therapy and duration, PCT labs, etc) were obtained from the UK Center for Clinical and Translational Science, and the study was approved by the local IRB. The primary outcome of interest was antibiotic duration; secondary outcomes of interest were PCT orders, discharge antibiotic prescription, and inpatient length of stay. Results: In total, 432 patients (277 in 2019 and 155 in 2020) were included in this analysis. The average patient age was 61.2 years (SD, ±13.7); 47.7% were female; and 86.1% were white. Most patients were primarily diagnosed with pneumonia (58.8%), followed by COPD with complication (40.5%). In-hospital mortality was 3.5%. The minority of patients had any orders for PCT (29.2%); among them, most had only 1 PCT level measured (84.1%). The median length of hospital stay was 4 days (IQR, 2–6), and the median duration of antibiotic therapy was 4 days (IQR, 3–6). Conclusions: The utilization of PCT in LRTIs occurs in the minority of patient cases at our institution and mostly as a single measurement. The development and implementation of a PCT-guided therapy could help optimize antibiotic usage in patients with LRTIs.Funding: NoDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Discovery of Species-unique Peptide Biomarkers of Bacterial Pathogens by Tandem Mass Spectrometry-based Proteotyping

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Karlsson ◽  
Annika Thorsell ◽  
Margarita Gomila ◽  
Francisco Salvà-Serra ◽  
Hedvig E. Jakobsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Tandem Ms ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Tract Infections

Mass spectrometry (MS) and proteomics offer comprehensive characterization and identification of microorganisms and discovery of protein biomarkers that are applicable for diagnostics of infectious diseases. The use of biomarkers for diagnostics is widely applied in the clinic and the use of peptide biomarkers is increasingly being investigated for applications in the clinical laboratory. Respiratory-tract infections are a predominant cause for medical treatment, although, clinical assessments and standard clinical laboratory protocols are time-consuming and often inadequate for reliable diagnoses. Novel methods, preferably applied directly to clinical samples, excluding cultivation steps, are needed to improve diagnostics of infectious diseases, provide adequate treatment and reduce the use of antibiotics and associated development of antibiotic resistance. This study applied nano-liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with tandem MS, with a bioinformatics pipeline and an in-house database of curated high-quality reference genome sequences to identify species-unique peptides as potential biomarkers for four bacterial pathogens commonly found in respiratory tract infections (RTIs): Staphylococcus aureus; Moraxella catarrhalis; Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The species-unique peptides were initially identified in pure cultures of bacterial reference strains, reflecting the genomic variation in the four species and, furthermore, in clinical respiratory tract samples, without prior cultivation, elucidating proteins expressed in clinical conditions of infection. For each of the four bacterial pathogens, the peptide biomarker candidates most predominantly found in clinical samples, are presented. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014522. As proof-of-principle, the most promising species-unique peptides were applied in targeted tandem MS-analyses of clinical samples and their relevance for identifications of the pathogens, i.e. proteotyping, was validated, thus demonstrating their potential as peptide biomarker candidates for diagnostics of infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) and Weaning Status of Infants Admitted in Selected Hospitals of Rajshahi- A Case Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Farhana Yasmin ◽  
Md Jawadul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) include upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections. Infections of the respiratory tract are perhaps the most common human ailment. While they are a source of discomfort, disability and loss of time for most adults, they are a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in young children. ARI may cause inflammation of the respiratory tract anywhere from nose to alveoli, with a wide range of combination of symptoms and signs. ARI in children is most common among others because heir constant contact with other kids who could be virus carriers. Children often don’t wash their hands regularly. They are also more likely to rub their eyes and put their fingers in their mouths, resulting in the spread of viruses. For prevention of malnutrition and infection of child breast feeding is an important determinant of child health in the prevention of malnutrition and infection but in many cultures other food was introduced years before the cessation of breast feeding. In Bangladesh, many infectious diseases such as diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections are the main cause of mortality and morbidity in infants aged less than one year. The importance of breast feeding in the prevention of infectious diseases during infancy is well known. Objective: In this study our main objective is to evaluate the association between ARI of infant and weaning status of infants admitted in selected Hospitals of Rajshahi. Study place and Method: This study provided a wide range of information regarding ARI and weaning status of infants admitted in selected hospitals of Rajshahi and from the surroundings. This was a case control type of study. A total of 230 caregiver or mothers were interviewed. Result & discussion: It was found that the relationship between weaning status of infants and occurrence of ARI was statistically significant (p<0.001). It was showed that majority of the babies of the case group were weaned by Cow’s milk and within the control group by mashed rice. The association between occurrence of ARI and type of weaning food was statistically significant (p<0.001). It was also found that majority of the babies living in rural areas developed ARI and also within the case group majority (29.6%) of the babies who were not exclusively breast fed developed ARI and the association between occurrence of ARI and EBF was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our study suggests that proportion of ARI is more among the infants who were weaned earlier. TAJ 2019; 32(1): 70-81

Urinary tract infections in obstetrics and gynecology

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Vasilyevna Shipitsyna ◽  
Tatyana Alekseyevna Khusnutdinova ◽  
Alevtina Mikhailovna Savicheva ◽  
Tatyana Aykovna Ayvazyan
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
In Pregnancy

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases in women, and are the most frequent cause of infectious complications of pregnancy. This paper reviews current scientific and methodical literature on UTIs in obstetrics and gynecology. Aspects of clinical importance of UTIs (epidemiology, clinical manifestations, complications), their etiology, antimicrobial resistance of UTIs agents were discussed, and current recommendations on diagnostics and treatment of UTIs were summarized. Special attention was paid to UTIs in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Mounier-Kuhn syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 1068-1070
Author(s):  
Dragica Pesut ◽  
Ruza Stevic ◽  
Jelica Milosavljevic ◽  
Spasoje Popevic ◽  
Tijana Cvok
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Sporadic Case ◽  
Pulmonary Medicine ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Important Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections

Background. Mounier-Kuhn syndrome or tracheobronchomegaly is a rare disorder characterized by marked dilatation of the trachea and main bronchi, bronchiectasis, and recurrent respiratory tract infections. Its clinical presentation may vary and mimick a variety of disorders. Case report. A 43-year-old female patient, non smoker, complained of intermittent mild dyspnea. Lung function tests and cardiologic findings were within normal limits. The diagnosis was established by computed tomography, which was undertaken due to recurrent lower respiratory tract infections suggestive of bronchiectasis. The transversal tracheal diameter was 2.8 cm that was the criteria for making the diagnosis. In this sporadic case, no association with other disease or condition known to cause secondary tracheobronchomegaly was established. Conclusion. Although rare in clinical practice, Mounier-Kuhn syndrome is an important differential diagnosis in cardio-pulmonary medicine due to a variety of its clinical manifestations. Nowadays, it is easy to diagnose it owing to advanced imaging techniques.

scholarly journals GLUCOSAMINYLMURAMYL DIPEPTIDE IN THE THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH ATOPIC BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF THE SYNDROME OF SECONDARY IMMUNE DEFICIENCY

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
O V Skorokhodkina ◽  
A V Luntsov
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Atopic Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Group I ◽  
Complex Therapy ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Tract Infections

Background. Glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (likopid) is a selective NOD2 receptor agonist, its ability to activate phagocytes proves its use in infectious manifestations in asthma patients. Its influence on the adaptive immunity, was studied. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of likopid in patients with atopic bronchial asthma and recurrent infections of the respiratory tract. Materials and methods. 44 patients with uncontrolled atopic bronchial asthma with recurrent respiratory tract infections were examined. Patients of group I received likopid 10 mg orally once a day during 10 days additionally to the complex therapy. Patients of group II received only complex therapy without likopid. The immune parameters, disease control parameters, frequency of exacerbations and spirography data in patients of two groups before the treatment and after 10 days, 1 and 3 months were assessed. Results. Both I and II group patients (91,6%) showed similar deviations of the immune status parameters in general, a depression of the functional activity of phagocytes was noted in 83,3% of cases. Patients of group I were characterized by the achievement of better asthma control in 1 month of treatment, while the frequency of asthma exacerbations required revision of therapy was lower in patients of group I than in patients of group II (8,3% and 45%, respectively, p

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