scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LARGE-FRUITED PURPLE CHERRY PLUM IN ORDER TO JUSTIFY ITS USE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DRIED FRUITS

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Alexeyeva ◽  
M. Satayev ◽  
A. Azimov ◽  
Z. Shakiryanova ◽  
V. Samonin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Dried Fruits

scholarly journals Production and investigation of powders for additive synthesis from a new beta-solidifying TiAl-based alloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2144 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
P V Panin ◽  
I A Bogachev ◽  
E A Lukina
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Powder Flowability ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Additive Synthesis ◽  
Composition Structure

Abstract Chemical composition, structure, and technological properties have been investigated for metal powder compositions (MPCs) of a new six-component TiAl-based alloy with Gd microadditions: Ti-31.0Al-2.5V-2.5Nb-2.5Cr-0.4Gd, wt.% (Ti-44.5Al-2V-1Nb-2Cr-0.1Gd, at.%). Three MPCs fractions (10–63, 40–100, 80–120 μm) were produced by electrode induction melting and inert gas atomization technique and targeted for the additive synthesis of parts. It is shown that the chemical composition of the MPCs for the main elements corresponds to that of the electrode. In contrast, a 1.5-fold increase of the oxygen content in the MPCs was observed, which is being the result of natural oxidation of powder particles upon air environment due to developed specific surface. It has been determined that the phase composition of the MPCs (γ+α(α2)+β) differs from the equilibrium phase composition of the electrode (γ+α2)+β0/B2) and corresponds to a rapidly quenched metastable state, which indicates high solidification rates in the atomization process, exceeding critical cooling rates of the alloy. The technological properties, specifically the powder flowability, were found to be improved for 40–100 and 80–120 μm fractions, making them applicable for additive synthesis of parts from the studied alloy by selective electron-beam melting method

OPTIMIZATION OF DRYING OF TOBACCO LEAF WITH A SLIT OF THE MIDDLE VEIN ACCORDING TO THE QUALITY INDICATORS OF TOBACCO RAW MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.Е. УЛЬЯНЧЕНКО
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Tobacco Leaf

При производстве табачного сырья важную роль играет сокращение продолжительности сушки табачных листьев. Одним из способов интенсификации сушки свежеубранных табачных листьев является прием прорезания средней жилки (ПСЖ) листьев вдоль волокон. По результатам исследований 2019–2020 гг. была создана база данных табачного сырья, полученного при естественном способе сушки с применением приема ПСЖ, которая может служить информационным материалом для производителей табака. Проведена оптимизация процесса сушки табачного листа ПСЖ по показателям качества табачного сырья для расширенного диапазона сортотипов табака. Объектом исследований были сорта отечественной селекции, включенные в Государственный реестр селекционных достижений, допущенные к использованию: Самсун 85, Вирджиния 202, Юбилейный новый 142, Трапезонд 92, Трапезонд 204, Дюбек 33, Американ 287 и Крупнолистный Ильский (находится в стадии государственных испытаний). Критерием оценки эффективности применения приема ПСЖ на исследованных сортах табака являлся совокупный сравнительный анализ следующих показателей контрольных (без ПСЖ листа) и опытных образцов: уровень интенсификации сушки, показатели товарного качества, технологических свойств и химического состава полученного сырья. Установлено, что ПСЖ позволяет интенсифицировать процесс сушки в 1,3–2,46 раза в зависимости от сорта табака и положительно влияет на технологические свойства сырья, у большинства сортов увеличивается выход волокна и сохраняются объемно-упругие свойства. Динамика сушки оказывает влияние на изменение химического состава сырья. В процессе сушки за счет гидролизации солей никотина и его освобождения путем окисления кислородом воздуха уровень никотина в ряде образцов снижается в пределах 10–30%. Чем выше содержание никотина, тем выше крепость табака, грубее его вкус. Изменения углеводно-белкового соотношения в сторону повышения углеводов улучшают вкусовые характеристики сырья. По каждому исследованному сорту не удалось выявить закономерной зависимости его структуры и характера процесса сушки при ПСЖ с преобразованиями химического состава сырья. На основе анализа технологических и качественных показателей табачного сырья, представленных в разработанной базе данных по интенсификации сушки различных сортов табака с применением приема ПСЖ табачных листьев, можно планировать выбор оптимального способа сушки для каждого сорта табака, позволяющего повысить эффективность использования сырья и улучшить его качественные характеристики. In the production of tobacco raw materials, reducing the drying time of tobacco leaves plays an important role. One of the ways to intensify the drying of freshly harvested tobacco leaves is the method of cutting the middle vein (CMV) of the leaves along the fibers. Based on the results of research in 2019–2020, a database of tobacco raw materials obtained by a natural drying method using CMV reception was created, which can serve as information material for tobacco producers. The optimization of the process of drying the CMV tobacco leaf according to the quality indicators of tobacco raw materials for an expanded range of tobacco variety types was carried out. The object of research was the varieties of domestic selection included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements, approved for use: Samsun 85, Virginia 202, Yubileyny novy 142, Trapezond 92, Trapezond 204, Dubek 33, American 287 and Krupnolistnyy Ilskiy (under state testing). The criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the use of CMV intake on the studied tobacco varieties was a cumulative comparative analysis of the following indicators of control (without CMV sheet) and experimental samples: the level of drying intensification, indicators of commercial quality, technological properties and chemical composition of the obtained raw materials. It is established that CMV allows to intensify the drying process by 1,3–2,46 times, depending on the tobacco variety and has a positive effect on the technological properties of raw materials, most varieties increase the yield of fiber and retain volume-elastic properties. The dynamics of drying affects the change in the chemical composition of raw materials. During the drying process, due to the hydrolysis of nicotine salts and its release by oxidation with air oxygen, the nicotine level in a number of samples decreases within 10–30%. The higher the nicotine content, the higher the strength of tobacco, it is coarser in taste. Changes in the carbohydrate-protein ratio in the direction of increasing carbohydrates improve the taste characteristics of raw materials. For each studied variety, it was not possible to identify a regular dependence of its structure and the nature of the drying process at CMV with transformations of the chemical composition of raw materials. Based on the analysis of technological and qualitative indicators of tobacco raw materials presented in the developed database on the intensification of drying of various varieties of tobacco using the use of CMV of tobacco leaves, it is possible to plan the choice of the optimal drying method for each variety of tobacco, which allows to increase the efficiency of using raw materials and improve its quality characteristics.

Chemical composition and bioactivity of dried fruits and honey of Ficus carica cultivars Dottato, San Francesco and Citrullara

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 2179-2186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica R Loizzo ◽  
Marco Bonesi ◽  
Alessandro Pugliese ◽  
Francesco Menichini ◽  
Rosa Tundis
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Dried Fruits

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the volatile fraction extracted from air‐dried fruits of Tunisian Eryngium maritimum L. ecotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houda Ben Lajnef ◽  
Federico Ferioli ◽  
Federica Pasini ◽  
Joanna Politowicz ◽  
Abdelhamid Khaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Eryngium Maritimum

scholarly journals CONTROL OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CASTING BRASS IN INGOTS USED FOR MANUFACTURE OF STOP VALVES

2017 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
A. A. Pivovarchyk ◽  
Е. V. Pivovarchyk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron

The article presents the results of a research of the chemical composition of brass foundry grade LS, supplied by domestic and foreign producers, as well as the chemical composition of brass lead grade LC4C used for the manufacture of stop valves. The research was made with use of optical emission spectrometers of various models and a scanning microscope. It was established that the pig delivered by the domestic producers corresponds to parameters of chemical composition for the pig’s foundry brand LS, while in the pig supplied by foreign producers there were found disparities of the chemical composition of certain basic elements. The results of the studies showed that the pig supplied by all producers, as well as the melt obtained with its use, contain in its composition such harmful impurities as S, Bi and P in the amount of 0.001%, 0.0017% and 0.0045%, respectively, that can lead to a decrease in the technological properties of products. It has been established that the use of ARL 3460 and OBLF-QSW 750 emission spectrometers and the Tescan VEGA II LMU scanning electron microscope makes it possible to obtain practically identical values of the content of the main elements and impurities in pigs of foundry and brass lead grade LC40C in studies on determining the chemical composition of the materials under study. 

INFLUENCE OF THE WIDTH OF TOBACCO FIBER AND THE PROPERTIES OF CIGARETTE PAPER ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE SMOKE OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS FROM THIN-CUT TOBACCO

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.Ю. СМИРНОВА ◽  
Е.В. ГНУЧИХ ◽  
А.Ю. ЛУШНИКОВА
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Cigarette Paper ◽  
Cut Tobacco ◽  
Different Diameters

Рассмотрены технологические свойства табачного сырья скелетного типа сорта Юбилейный с шириной табачного волокна 0,5 и 0,8 мм и табачной мешки американского типа с шириной волокна 0,6 и 0,9 мм, использованных для изготовления изделий из табака курительного тонкорезаного. Выявлено, что у табака сорта Юбилейный с шириной волокна 0,8 мм наибольший условный расход на изготовление 1000 шт. изделий. Проведен анализ состава и воздухопроницаемости сигаретной бумаги для изготовления курительных изделий разных диаметров. Исследовано влияние физических параметров изделий из табака курительного тонкорезаного (диаметр, ширина табачного волокна, воздухопроницаемость сигаретной бумаги) на химический состав дыма (никотин, смола, монооксид углерода). Установлено, что увеличение ширины табачного волокна привело к значительному повышению содержания никотина и смолы в дыме изделий с табаком сорта Юбилейный; в дыме курительных изделий с американской мешкой столь четкой корреляции не наблюдалось. При использовании бумаги на основе конопли с меньшей, чем в бумаге с рисовой основой, воздухопроницаемостью в дыме курительных изделий возрастала концентрация как никотина, так и смолы, содержание которой в дыме образцов изделий с табаком сорта Юбилейный при ширине волокна 0,5 мм повышалось на 4–23%, при ширине волокна 0,8 мм – на 6–13%; с американской мешкой при ширине волокна 0,6 мм возрастало на 7–11%, при ширине волокна 0,9 мм – на 2–4%. Результаты исследований помогут выработать рекомендации для производителей и потребителей этого вида продукции. The paper considers the technological properties of skeletal-type tobacco raw materials of the Yubileynyy variety with a fiber width of 0,5 and 0,8 mm and American-type tobacco bags with a fiber width of 0,6 and 0,9 mm, used for the manufacture of products from thin-cut smoking tobacco. It was revealed that tobacco of the Yubileynyy variety with a fiber width of 0,8 mm has the highest conventional consumption for the manufacture of 1000 pieces products. The analysis of the composition and air permeability of cigarette paper for the manufacture of smoking products of different diameters was carried out. The influence of the physical parameters of tobacco products made of thin-cut tobacco (diameter, width of tobacco fiber, breathability of cigarette paper) on the chemical composition of smoke (nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide) is investigated. It was found that an increase in the width of tobacco fiber led to a significant increase in the content of nicotine and tar in the smoke of tobacco products of the Yubileynyy variety; such a clear correlation was not observed in the smoke of smoking products with an American-type. When using hemp-based paper with less air permeability than in rice-based paper, the concentration of nicotine and tar in the smoke of smoking products increased. The tar content in the smoke of samples of tobacco products of the Yubileynyy variety with a fiber width of 0,5 mm increased by 4–23%, with a fiber width of 0,8 mm – by 6–13%; with an American-type with a fiber width of 0,6 mm increased by 7–11%, with a fiber width of 0,9 mm – by 2–4%. The research results will help to develop recommendations for manufacturers and consumers of this type of products.

TEM Investigations of the Microstructure of 7CrMoVTiB10-10 Steel Weld Metal

2015 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Pańcikiewicz ◽  
Anna Zielińska-Lipiec
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Important Implication ◽  
Post Weld Heat Treatment ◽  
Steel Weld ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Cooling Conditions ◽  
Steel Weld Metal ◽  
Weld Heat

7CrMoVTiB10-10 (T24) steel is recommended for fabrication of boiler components such as water walls, water panels or headers without post weld heat treatment (PWHT). The chemical composition of this steel and cooling conditions after welding influence the susceptibility to cracking in weld metal during and after welding. TEM investigations showed that in the as-welded microstructure mixtures of bainite and martensite were dominating. This has an important implication for technological properties.

Microstructure Characterization of Superfine WC-Co Powders

2013 ◽  
Vol 203-204 ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Moskal ◽  
Krzysztof Szymański ◽  
Agnieszka Tomaszewska ◽  
Hanna Myalska
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Macro Scale

In this paper results of tests concerning the WC/Co fine-crystalline composite powders type 88/12 and 83/17 provided for thermal spraying of layers resistant to abrasion are presented. Tests which characterize basic technological properties were performed since these properties are essential from thermal spraying point of view. Microstructural properties are essential as well because they allow evaluation of morphology of powders by SEM method with an analysis of chemical composition in micro-areas. Moreover, the phase composition was characterized by XRD in macro scale and by EBSD in microareas including distribution maps of individual phase components in all particles of the powders.

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