Empowerment among generations

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-328
Author(s):  
Usha Singh ◽  
Daniel Weimar
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Generation X ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Post War ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Robustness Check

The study investigates differences in people’s attitudes towards empowerment among generations and other demographic variables as there are only few insights available so far. Therefore, a combination of a hierarchical and a non-hierarchical cluster analysis is used, leading to two clusters termed ‘empowered employees’ and ‘less empowered employees’. Chi-square tests are applied to investigate the differences in the demographic variables among the clusters. Furthermore, a discriminant analysis is carried out to check the segmentation strength and the consistency of the clusters. Additionally, multivariate ordinary least squares (OLS) and logit estimations are used as a robustness check. Results indicate that people from Generation X and the Post-war Generation are more likely to tend towards empowerment than Baby Boomers.

Time Allocation Behavior of Twentieth-Century American Generations: GI Generation, Silent Generation, Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (49) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annesha Enam ◽  
Karthik C. Konduri
Keyword(s):  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Generation X ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Silent Generation ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
American Heritage ◽  
Using Data

In recent years, time engagement behaviors of two generations, namely Baby Boomers and Millennials have sparked much interest because these generations constitute the bulk of the American population today and they also exhibit “atypical” activity–travel patterns compared with other generations. The objective of the current research is to conduct a systematic study of the time engagement behaviors of five American generations: the GI Generation (birth year: 1901–1924), the Silent Generation (birth year: 1925–1943), Baby Boomers (birth year: 1944–1964), Generation X (birth year: 1965–1981), and Millennials (birth year: 1982–2000). Particularly, the study aims at isolating heterogeneity in behaviors associated with structural changes in the society from those associated with inherent generational characteristics. Using data from four waves (1965, 1985, 2005, and 2012) of the American Heritage and Time Use Study, the analysis explores the time engagement behaviors while accounting for the age, period, and cohort effects in addition to different socioeconomic and demographic variables. The analysis reveals that Millennials have generally delayed participation in life-changing events such as marriage and workforce entry, and have exhibited prolonged student status compared with previous generations. Millennials show lower participation in work and higher participation in discretionary activities compared with individuals of the same age group from previous generations. On the other hand, Baby Boomers clearly exhibited increased travel engagement compared with the previous generations at different stages of their lives.

scholarly journals Achievement goals and self-determination in adult football players – a cluster analysis

Kinesiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Hugo Sarmento ◽  
Adilson Marques
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Motivational Profile ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Profile Characteristics

To better understand the relationship between aspects of motivation and performance level in adult football players, this study aimed to identify differences in motivation among different motivational profiles created by means of hierarchical cluster analysis. The participants were 304 adult football players (90 professionals, 144 semi-professionals, 70 amateurs, age: 25.4±4.6 years). Participants completed the Task and Ego Orientation in Sports Questionnaire and the Self-Regulation Questionnaire. Based on the constructs of the questionnaires, cluster analyses were performed. Chi-square was used to determine any relationships between the players and clusters. Four different clusters were identified. There was no typical motivational profile for football players of different competition levels. However, the differences in all four clusters represented specific characteristics of football players of different competition levels most represented in each respective cluster. Cluster 1, which was the most adaptive, was not related to any competition level. On the other hand, professional athletes were significantly less represented in the least adaptive motivational profile (Cluster 4). The results highlight the complex relationship between competition and sporting motivation. Identifying the motivational profile characteristics of football players who can reach higher competition levels presents itself as a future research opportunity.

Basic Types and Factors of the Credit Behavior of Russian Citizens

2004 ◽  
pp. 109-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Strebkov
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Method Of Principal Components ◽  
Behavior Issues ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Regional Centers ◽  
Selection Of

The paper provides the analysis of citizens' credit behavior issues based on sociological research data collected in autumn 2002 in Russian big regional centers. The method of principal components is used for defining main factors which characterize attitudes to money, savings, debt and credit. The paper examines the influence of gender, age, education and other social and demographic variables on the inclination to borrowing. The hierarchical cluster analysis used helps to define six groups (clusters) of people. Each group has its specific attitude to saving and borrowing. The differences between groups in basic components of the credit behavior (experience of borrowing, selection of a creditor, preferences with regard to the credit amount and time of payment, acceptable interest rate) are considered.

Developing a motivation-based segmentation typology of Facebook users

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1071-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Shao ◽  
Mitchell Ross ◽  
Debra Grace
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Segmentation Strategy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
User Motivation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of user-motivation as well as demographics in developing an effective segmentation strategy of Facebook users. Additionally, the paper seeks to add validity to the scale developed by Park et al. (2009) by using a full spectrum of Facebook users. Design/methodology/approach – A self-administered survey was employed to explore access motivations, frequency and session duration of Facebook users. The survey was e-mailed to 2,129 potential respondents with 530 valid responses received. Data were initially analysed by hierarchical cluster analysis to develop the cluster solution. Cluster means were then used as cluster centres for a K-means cluster analysis for all cases. The relationship between the clusters and Facebook activity variables was investigated through ANOVA while independent samples t-tests were employed to analyse the relationship between motivations and demographics. Lastly χ2-tests were used to explore the relationship between Facebook user segments and demographics. Findings – The results indicate four distinct types of Facebook users: Devotee, Agnostic, Socializer and Finder. Devotees were highly positive about Facebook use while Agnostics were least motivated to use Facebook. Socializers were motivated to use Facebook for socializing and entertainment while Finders were motivated to use Facebook for information seeking. These four distinct groups are validated by examining their individual behaviour regarding frequency of access to Facebook and the average amount of time spent on Facebook per visit. Demographic variables such as gender and age were found to be significantly related to Facebook user-motivation and segmentation. Practical implications – For marketers who communicate with market segments via social media, the findings of this study are highly significant. To date, marketers have found it difficult to fully exploit the benefits of Facebook. The authors argue this is due to a tendency to consider Facebook users as a single segment rather than understanding the nuances of different user segments. This research provides marketers with a motivation and demographic segmentation strategy for Facebook users. Originality/value – Despite the popularity of Facebook as a communication channel, from a marketing perspective little is known regarding Facebook user segments. This research addresses this gap by undertaking a segmentation study of Facebook users. A segmentation typology is developed in which both Facebook user motivations as well as demographic variables are found to be useful in describing user segments. Additionally, the study makes important theoretical contributions by extending uses and gratifications theory to the Facebook context and adding validity to the scale developed by Park et al. (2009) for use with the full spectrum of Facebook users.

scholarly journals Segmenting Inbound Tourists Using Destination Image

Tourism ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Dev Jani
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
African Context

The purpose of this study was to segment inbound tourists to Tanzania using destination image. A self-administered structured questionnaire was conveniently distributed to inbound tourist to Tanzania in two major international airports in Tanzania. The questionnaire captured destination image using a five point Likert type scale while the demographics, sources of travel information, and travel behavior were captured using dichotomy or multiple choice questions. A total of 625 dully filled questionnaires were used for data analysis. A factor-cluster analysis was used in analyzing the data, with factor analysis serving in reducing the items into few dimensions that were subsequently subjected to stepwise cluster analysis. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to explore the possible numbers of clusters followed by hierarchical cluster analysis (k-means) that confirmed the appropriate number of clusters. A three cluster solution was obtained with follow up one way ANOVA, t-tests, and Chi-square indicating statistical significance differences between the clusters basing on travel motives and travel behavior. The findings offer practical implications to destination managers on the use of destination image in marketing destinations to different tourist segments. This study explored the possible tourist segments basing on destination image of less researched African context.

scholarly journals Maladaptive use of ICT in adolescence: Profiles, supervision and technological stress

Comunicar ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (64) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adoración Díaz-López ◽  
Javier-Jerónimo Maquilón-Sánchez ◽  
Ana-Belén Mirete-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ict Use ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Technological Stress

ICT use during adolescence is now commonplace. Its power of attraction and the vulnerable condition of adolescents are giving rise to growing concern, aggravated by the imminent consequences of such synergy. In order to deepen understanding of this relationship, the following research objectives were formulated: a) Analyze the frequency of ICT use; b) Examine family supervision; c) Identify stress associated with the use of ICTs; d) Establish profiles of ICT use. The sample consisted of 1,101 adolescents of 10 educational centers in Southeastern Spain. A descriptive analysis was performed and contingency tables, Chi Square, Cramer V, hierarchical cluster analysis and one-factor ANOVA were used. The results show that more than 60% of adolescents use ICTs without supervision and that 1 out of 3 feel stressed in the absence of the Internet. In addition, statistically significant relationships were found between the frequency of ICT use and stress, as well as with family supervision. A solution of three groups or profiles of use was obtained. 45% of the subjects display maladaptive use or signs of it. The study concludes by stressing that the relationship between adolescents and ICTs is far from ideal and warns of the urgent need to train adolescents and parents in the responsible use of ICTs. El uso de las TIC durante la adolescencia es un hecho normalizado en la actualidad. Su poder de atracción y la condición de vulnerabilidad de los púberes están suscitando una creciente preocupación, agravada por las consecuencias inminentes de tal sinergia. Con la finalidad de profundizar en esta relación, se formulan los siguientes objetivos de investigación: a) Analizar la frecuencia de uso de las TIC; b) Examinar la supervisión familiar; c) Identificar estrés asociado al uso de las TIC; d) Establecer perfiles de uso de las TIC. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1.101 adolescentes de 10 centros educativos del Sureste Español. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se emplearon tablas de contingencia, Chi Cuadrado, V de Cramer, análisis de clúster jerárquico y ANOVA de un factor. Los resultados arrojan que más del 60% de los adolescentes usa las TIC sin supervisión y que uno de cada tres se siente estresado ante la ausencia de Internet. Además, se encontraron relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la frecuencia de uso de las TIC y el estrés, así como con la supervisión familiar. Se obtuvo una solución de tres grupos o perfiles de uso. El 45% de los sujetos tiene un uso desadaptado o indicios del mismo. Se concluye subrayando que la relación entre adolescentes y TIC dista mucho de la deseada y se alerta de la imperiosa necesidad de formar a adolescentes y a progenitores en el uso responsable de las TIC.

Intergenerational Differences in Mental Boundaries

2010 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 562-566
Author(s):  
John E. Barbuto ◽  
Stephanie Bryant ◽  
Lisa A. Pennisi
Keyword(s):  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Generation X ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Intergenerational Differences ◽  
Significant Difference

382 employees in government offices were surveyed using demographic variables and organizational and interpersonal boundaries. Analysis of variance indicated a significant difference in Mental Boundary Score between Baby Boomers I (born 1946–1954) and Generation X (born 1965–1976) cohorts.

scholarly journals Tourism planning in the Azores and feedback from visitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
João Ponte ◽  
◽  
Gualter Couto ◽  
Pedro Pimentel ◽  
Áurea Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Tourism Planning ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Fundamental Process ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
The Mean

Tourism planning is increasingly a fundamental process for qualifying and increasing the competitiveness of tourist destinations, especially when it is required to take into account the new needs of tourists and the global trend towards meeting the principles of sustainable tourism. This study aims to analyse the improvements that, in the opinion of visitors, should be implemented in Ponta Delgada, the largest hub of tourism activity in the Azores (Portugal), detecting differences between specific groups of visitors in order to contribute to the territorial organisation and the optimisation of tourism experiences. Four hundred answers to a survey distributed among tourists who visited this Azorean municipality were analysed, using several statistical methods, such as the chi-square test of independence and some Hierarchical Cluster Analysis algorithms. The main conclusions refer to the statistically significant associations between the mean of transport used to travel and views of some aspects to be improved, with signs of patterns in visits and critical attitude.

scholarly journals Efficiency of small enterprises of protected agriculture in the adoption of innovations in Mexico

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Vargas Canales ◽  
María Isabel Palacios Rangel ◽  
Jorge Aguilar Ávila ◽  
Joaquín Huitzilihuitl Camacho Vera ◽  
Jorge Gustavo Ocampo Ledesma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Adoption Of Innovations ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Collective Development

The aim of this research was to identify the factors that influence the efficiency in the adoption of innovations in protected agricultural systems. For the study of these factors, a hierarchical cluster analysis was performed in which three clusters were obtained that showed clearly differentiated behavior. To identify the differences between groups, a variance analysis and a chi-square test was performed. The results show that efficiency in the adoption of innovations is related to the producer’s schooling, his experience, and access to extension services. Derived from the above, it is important to promote greater articulation among producers, promote an integral extensionism capable of promoting collective development and interactions that are developed and evolved in the territories.

DRSA: a non-hierarchical clustering algorithm using k-NN graph and its application in vegetation classification

2015 ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Goncharenko
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Vegetation Classification ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Neighbor Graph ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Graph

In this article we proposed a new method of non-hierarchical cluster analysis using k-nearest-neighbor graph and discussed it with respect to vegetation classification. The method of k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classification was originally developed in 1951 (Fix, Hodges, 1951). Later a term “k-NN graph” and a few algorithms of k-NN clustering appeared (Cover, Hart, 1967; Brito et al., 1997). In biology k-NN is used in analysis of protein structures and genome sequences. Most of k-NN clustering algorithms build «excessive» graph firstly, so called hypergraph, and then truncate it to subgraphs, just partitioning and coarsening hypergraph. We developed other strategy, the “upward” clustering in forming (assembling consequentially) one cluster after the other. Until today graph-based cluster analysis has not been considered concerning classification of vegetation datasets.

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