scholarly journals How did William J. Morgan shape the ethics of sport?

Kinesiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-335
Author(s):  
Matija Mato Škerbić
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Division Point ◽  
Philosophy Of Sport ◽  
Critical Overview

In this paper, I will argue that William J. Morgan had a decisive role and influence in the shaping of contours and field divisions of the ethics of sport, which is a sub-discipline of the philosophy of sport. In the first part, I will use six Morgan’s edited anthologies in philosophy (1979, 1987, 1995) and ethics of sport (2001, 2007, 2017) to show that in them, Morgan develops and uses a fourfold division of the fields of the ethics of sport – (1) competition and fair play, (2) human enhancements, (3) gender issues, and (4) social issues. I will also argue that these four fields of Morgan’s division have become largely accepted within the discipline as a sort of standard. To provide the rationale for the claim, I will take seven different editions of the ethics of sport, which were most considered and accepted in the field (Parry & McNamee; R. Simon; J. Boxill; McNamee; Simon, Torres & Hager). I will show that in them basically the same field division has been used, while the few detected differences are just placing more emphasis on specific topics or issues from Morgan’s earlier fourfold division. Moreover, I will use different articles on the topic from sports-philosophical literature to support my claims even further. Also, I will make a claim that the origin of Morgan’s division, as well as its strength, derives from the discipline itself or the course of the development that discipline has taken from the beginning. In the end of this part, I will deal with possible anticipated objections. In the final part, I will provide a critical overview of the Morgan’s division, point out detected problems and provide possible solutions.

scholarly journals ORIGINS OF FORMATION OF KYIV SOCIAL AND HYGIENIC SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL: FROM THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL SCIENCE, MEDICAL POLICE AND SANITARY STATISTICS TO SOCIAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (17) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
T.S. Gruzieva
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Social Medicine ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
State Medicine ◽  
Social Hygiene ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Social Scientific

The aim of the work is to study the stages of formation of the Kyiv social and hygienic scientific school, the contribution of its founders to the development of medical and social scientific direction. Materials and methods. The source base consisted of published scientific papers and archive materials. The historical-bibliographic method has been used in this work. Results. The formation and development of the Kyiv social and hygienic school has deep historical roots, beginning with the scientific achievements of many generations of researchers, which were generalized and transformed into the discipline of "state medicine" and began to be taught at the department of state medicine at St. Vladimir's University in Kyiv, and later – at the department of hygiene, medical police, medical geography and statistics. Teaching of medical and social issues continued for a long time at multidisciplinary departments. Prominent hygienists contributed to the formation of the socio-hygienic scientific direction, including professors Subbotin V.A. and Orlov V.D., who highly appreciated the importance of statistics, epidemiology and organization of health work, contributed to their teaching within the training programs for future doctors. A decisive role in the formation of the Kyiv social and hygienic scientific School was played by Professor Korchak-Chepurkivsky O.V., who is considered to be its founder. The course on epidemiology and sanitary statistics developed by him in 1903 and the course "Fundamentals of Social Hygiene and Public Medicine" in 1906 laid a solid foundation for the progressive development of social and hygienic science in Ukraine, helped to establish its theoretical principles, substantiate its content, and improve methodology. Consistent advocacy by scientists of scientifically sound results of socio-hygienic research has often led to his persecution and harassment by the authorities. Insistence of Korchak-Chepurkivsky O.V. on the differentiation of the social and hygienic direction and the creation of a separate department, the mandatory teaching of social hygiene in higher medical education has been crucial for further establishment of departments of social medicine, training of scientific personnel and health professionals. Conclusion. The path of formation of the Kyiv social and hygienic scientific school, which was long, difficult and sometimes tragic, constitutes evidence of the progressive development of social hygiene in Ukraine, highlights the trajectory of the medical and social direction, the role of prominent personalities, especially Korchak-Chepurkivsky O.V. in the formation of conceptual principles and content of social hygiene, training of scientific and pedagogical staff, who continued the work that he started.

The Vanishing Tradition

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Conservative Movement ◽  
American Conservatism ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Critical Overview

This anthology provides a timely critical overview of the American conservative movement. The chapters cover subjects that have not previously been discussed. In particular, the book hits hard at the blatant cult of celebrity and intolerance of dissent that has come to characterize the conservative movement in this country. As the book shows, the conservative movement has not often retrieved its wounded, instead dispatching them in order to please its friendly opposition and to prove its “moderateness.” The movement has also been open to the influence of demanding sponsors who have pushed it in sometimes bizarre directions. Finally, the chapters highlight the movement's appeal to “permanent values” as a truly risible gesture, given how arduously its celebrities have worked to catch up with the Left on social issues. This critical examination of American conservatism opens debates and seeks controversy.

scholarly journals Razumevanje jugoslovanstva v Sloveniji (in Slovenije v jugoslovanstvu) v začetku osemdesetih let

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Marko Zajc
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social System ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Question ◽  
Critical Overview ◽  
Social Property

The paper attempts to present the important discussions on nationalism, Slovenianism and Yugoslavism from the early 1980s and call attention to the (inter)dependence of nationalism (and its perceptions) and the social system and social issues. It lays out reasons for the historical study of nationalism/the national question in Slovenia and Yugoslavia in the early 1980s. The paper presents a critical overview of the established periodisation of the 1980s in Slovenian public opinion and history and sketches out the basic contours of the period in question. The main part of the paper is the analysis of different attitudes towards the national question in the League of Communists of Yugoslavia. The conclusion establishes a connection between the interpretation of the national question and the interpretation of social property in the late self-management period.

scholarly journals A QUÍMICA PRESENTE NOS AVANÇOS HISTÓRICOS, CIENTÍFICOS E TECNOLÓGICOS DOS ESPORTES

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 1133
Author(s):  
Thaís Rios da Rocha ◽  
Mara Elisa Fortes Braibante
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Chemistry Teaching ◽  
Scientific Content ◽  
Sports Ethics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Working with the theme “sport” in schools enables the discussion and reflection on social issues of our time and public knowledge and establish its relations with the chemistry scientific content. In this paper, we present a history of the sport, emphasizing the Modern Olympics, the concept of doping and banned substances in sports, as well as issues related to sports ethics and fair play. At the end of the article shows the relationship between the theme “sport” and the chemistry teaching as a possibility of conducting a thematic work in high school.

Memory, Heredity and Machines: From Darwinism to Lamarckism in Samuel Butler’s Erewhon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Turbil
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
Evolutionary Science ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Critical Overview ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

Abstract In 1872 Butler published Erewhon, a novel set in a utopian land inspired by the New Zealand countryside. Erewhon parodied some of the main social issues of the Victorian era including political, economic, scientific and social ideas, offering its readers a critical overview not only of Britain and its inhabitants, but also of the cultural revolution triggered by Darwin’s theory of natural selection. Leaving aside the utopian and satirical dimensions of the novel, this article focuses on the meaning of evolutionary science in Erewhon through a discussion of the three chapters called ‘The Book of the Machines’. I suggest that the hypothesis of evolution advanced in ‘The Book of the Machines’ can only be fully understood in relation to Butler’s scientific writings more generally. In ‘The Book of the Machines’, I will argue, Butler pioneered the idea of memory as heredity.

scholarly journals Jakarta, Mental Landscape, and Social Issues : Case Study of Rindu Kami Pada-Mu

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Ekky Imanjaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
New Order ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Class Society ◽  
Large Town ◽  
Spiritual Vitality ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Urban People

Abstract. Although Jakarta seems to be the most favorable setting for Indonesian films, most Jakarta films are not about the city or its people, but rather about a large town with no name (Jufri (eds.) 1992: 23). Asrul Sani highlights the importance of showing physical pictures such as prominent buildings and adequate clothing, and a mental landscape.  In Andre Bazin’s term, the mental landscape shows the "spiritual vitality" of one city on-screen, which construes s specific indications referring to that particular city.  Some social and gender issues within the films will be revealed and questioned  by exploring the mental landscape. This paper will discuss Rindu Kami pada-Mu  (Of Love and Eggs, Garin Nugroho, 2004). I  try to answer the question: how does Rindu Kami represent post-Reform Jakarta and its social and gender issues?   I argue that Rindu Kami pada-Mu represents the backdoors of Post-1998 Jakarta. Not only depicting the physical and mental landscape of lower-class society, such as a slum market, the film also portrays the psychological developments and achievements of urban people. They struggle against the remaining ideology of the New Order (State Ibuism, military-political system) and its concrete implementations (domestic violence, demolitions) in social issues. By doing textual analysis, using theories of Mental Landscape and  Stuart Hall’s Representation, I will elaborate on "the other side of Jakarta" and its social issues, namely solidarity and communication Issues. Gender issues, such as the depiction of negative male characters and masculine militarism, will be discussed.

Gender equality in Europe: measures and indicators

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-100
Author(s):  
Vera Lomazzi ◽  
Isabella Crespi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Working Mothers ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
European Institute ◽  
Survey Population ◽  
The Status ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Critical Overview

This chapter dealswith the complex task of measuring gender equality across European countriesby assuming two principal perspectives: the use of macro indicators, developed using gender statistics and describingthe country’s situation;and the employment of micro-level indicators, which are built on survey-population measurements, such as ISSP and Eurobarometer, and refer to individuals’ perspectives on gender issues. The critical overview provided on the international indicesspeaks to different conceptualisations of gender equality. This requires awareness not only among scholars interested in the study of gender equality, but also among policymakers and audit bodies that evaluate policies. The EIGE Gender Equality Index, developed in the gender-mainstreaming perspective’s framework by the European Institute for Gender Equality,appears particularly meaningful for evaluating gender equality according to the overall European strategy. The measurement of gender-equality issues through surveys needs better conceptualisations, which so farmainly refer to women’s double role as working mothers, thereby neglecting gender equality’s multidimensionality and the fact that it encompasses the status of both women and men.

What is a Stereotype? What is Stereotyping?

Hypatia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Beeghly
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
The Common

If someone says, “Asians are good at math” or “women are empathetic,” I might interject, “you're stereotyping” in order to convey my disapproval of their utterance. But why is stereotyping wrong? Before we can answer this question, we must better understand what stereotypes are and what stereotyping is. In this essay, I develop what I call the descriptive view of stereotypes and stereotyping. This view is assumed in much of the psychological and philosophical literature on implicit bias and stereotyping, yet it has not been sufficiently defended. The main objection to the descriptive view is that it fails to include the common‐sense idea that stereotyping is always objectionable. I argue that this is actually a benefit of the view. In the essay's final part, I put forward two hypotheses that would validate the claim that stereotyping is always morally or epistemically wrong. If these hypotheses are false—which is very likely—we have little reason to build moral or epistemic defect into the very idea of a stereotype. Moreover, we must abandon the seemingly attractive claim that judging individuals based on group membership is intrinsically wrong.

The Oxford Handbook of Presbyterianism

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Natural Theology ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
John Calvin ◽  
God's Word ◽  
Regional Factors ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gospel Message ◽  
The Church

Presbyterianism has a rich, robust, resilient history. Since Presbyterianism began in Scotland in the early 1560s, its adherents have spread to Europe, North America, Asia, Africa, Latin America, Australia, and New Zealand. In some locales and eras, Presbyterians have flourished; in others, they have struggled; in still others, they have experienced both triumphs and defeats. The essays in this handbook explain the historical roots and development, challenges and problems, and successes and failures of Presbyterians all over the world. During their history, Presbyterians have developed a distinctive theology, style of worship, and polity. As a body influenced by John Calvin and other Swiss Reformers, Presbyterianism has emphasized the sovereignty of God, the election of individuals for salvation and service, and the necessity of continual reform to remain faithful to the Scriptures and to adapt the gospel message to various cultural settings. Presbyterian worship has centered around the preaching of God’s word, typically based on the exposition of Scriptural passages, and the celebration of the sacraments of communion and baptism. Presbyterian polity establishes three officers—pastors (teaching elders), ruling elders, and deacons—to lead the church and a series of graded courts to govern their ministry. Differences over doctrine, polity, liturgy, and social issues, as well as ethnic, racial, class, and gender issues, regional factors, and personal conflicts have often produced controversy and even schism among Presbyterians. Presbyterians have also adopted differing theological positions based on their understanding of Scripture, natural theology, philosophy, and life experiences. Throughout their history, Presbyterians have often had an influence in society that exceeds their numbers because of their generally high levels of education, wealth, and status. This continues to be true today for the world’s thirty-three million Presbyterians who belong to hundreds of denominations in more than seventy-five nations.

scholarly journals Transformation of Diseased Women in Ding Ling’s Novels—Based on the Metaphor of Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Yi Wu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Ding Ling ◽  
May Fourth ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Peasant Women

In Ding Ling’s novels, she repeatedly adopted the diseased woman as the protagonist in order to present her own thinking of gender and social issues. By establishing a chronological reading of three protagonists, this paper will not only discuss the transformation of the metaphoric usage, but also explore socio-historical implications and gender issues in depth. To better understand both the features of Ding Ling’s artistic innovation and the transition of her identity, and more importantly, to reconfiguring the position of gender issues, this paper adopts the method of analysis and have close reading of three short stories written by Ding Ling, which are Sophia’s Diary, Girl Amao and When I Was in Xia Village, and combines the fictional stories with historical facts. In conclusion, Ding Ling’s depiction of diseased women gradually developed from a private narrative and imitation of romantism into a realistic style, revealing the struggles of peasant women who were damaged by the society, which suggested Ding Ling’s deconstruction of May Fourth discourse and exploration of her leftist identity.

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