Optimization of temperature and drying time of indigenous cocktail yeast mold culture using response surface methodology (RSM)

The study was conducted to obtain an optimal combination of time and temperature of the drying process of indigenous cocktail yeast mold culture using RSM. The cocktail yeast mold culture was dried using an oven. The cocktail cultures contain Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus niger, Acremonium strictum, and Candida famata, namely AC (Amylolytic Culture). The Response Surface Methods (RSM) with Design-Expert® 7.00 software, namely Mixture design with D-optimal was performed. The drying time was between 24- 48 hrs and the drying temperature was between 40-50oC. The total of 16 formulas of the combination of drying time and temperature for processing the dried cultures were produced by RSM. The response chosen was total viability of mold and yeast, water content, water activity, and pH. The result of optimization and verification was obtained by the model: pH (AC) = -0.058A - 1.56 x 10-003B + 7.13, where A = drying temperature ( oC), B = drying time (hr). The AC optimization was achieved at a combination of drying temperatures and time of 50oC for 48 hrs. Desirability values were 0.729. The optimum formula for AC has viability of total yeast mold of 7.39 x 106 CFU/g, moisture content of 5.62%, aw 0.303, and pH 4.18.

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Optimizing the tray dryer temperature and time of white corn flour culture

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.5(5).718 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 95-104

Author(s):

D. Hunaefi ◽

Rahmawati R. ◽

D. Saputra ◽

R.R. Maulani ◽

T. Muhandri

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Water Content ◽

Response Surface ◽

Water Activity ◽

Penicillium Citrinum ◽

Drying Process ◽

Corn Flour ◽

Acremonium Strictum ◽

Candida Famata

This research aimed to optimize the tray dryer temperature and time of white corn flour culture by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). There were two cultures used in this research, namely Amylolytic Culture (AC) and Complete Culture (CC). AC consisted of Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus niger, Acremonium strictum, and Candida famata, while CC consisted of Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Rhizopus oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, Acremonium strictum, Candida famata, Kodamaea ohmeri and Candida krusei/incospicua. The independent variables in this study were drying temperature and time, where the quality indicators used were total viability of mold and yeast, water content, water activity, and pH. This research used a factor response surface methodology. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with an α level of 95%. The result of this research showed that the optimum drying process for AC starter was 40°C for 10 hrs, with characteristic response viability 8.8×107 CFU/g, water activity 0.43, water content 8.90%, and pH 4.05. CC starter showed an optimum drying process at 49°C for 4.5 hrs, with characteristic response viability 4.9×107 CFU/g, water activity 0.49, water content 7.02%, and pH 3.95. The optimum tray dryer temperatures and times were achieved for AC and CC starters.

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Optimization of inulin production process parameters using response surface methodology

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1186/s43094-020-00087-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wasim Akram ◽

Navneet Garud

Keyword(s):

Response Surface ◽

Spray Drying ◽

Product Yield ◽

Drying Methods ◽

Process Variables ◽

Drying Process ◽

Uniform Size ◽

Drying Temperature ◽

Yield Value ◽

Internal Configuration

Abstract Background Chicory is one of the major source of inulin. In our study, Box–Behnken model/response surface analysis (RSM) was used for the optimization of spray drying process variables to get the maximum inulin yield from chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). For this investigation, the investigational plan utilized three process variables drying temperature (115–125 °C), creep speed (20–24 rpm), and pressure (0.02–0.04 MPa). Result The optimal variables established by applying the Box–Behnken model were as follows: drying temperature 119.20 °C, creep speed 21.64 rpm, and pressure 0.03 MPa. The obtained powdered inulin by spray drying was investigated for the yield value, identification, size, and surface morphology of the particle. The inulin obtained from the spray drying process consists of a fine molecule-sized white powder. Instead, the drying methods shows a significant effect on the morphology and internal configuration of the powdered inulin, as the inulin obtained from spray drying was of a widespread and uniform size and shape, with a rough surface on increase in temperature and smoother surface while increasing the creep speed. The findings indicate that the spray drying with optimum parameters resulted in maximum product yield. Conclusion The outcomes of the study concluded that the product yield through spray drying technique under optimized condition is optimal as compared to other drying technique. Hence, this technique may be applied at commercial scale for the production of inulin.

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Modeling and Optimization for Konjac Vacuum Drying Based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8111430 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1430

Author(s):

Zhiheng Zeng ◽

Ming Chen ◽

Xiaoming Wang ◽

Weibin Wu ◽

Zefeng Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Artificial Neural Network ◽

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Vacuum Drying ◽

Ann Model ◽

Drying Process ◽

Drying Time ◽

Artificial Neural ◽

Artificial Neural Network Ann

To reveal quality change rules and establish the predicting model of konjac vacuum drying, a response surface methodology was adopted to optimize and analyze the vacuum drying process, while an artificial neural network (ANN) was applied to model the drying process and compare with the response surface methodology (RSM) model. The different material thickness (MT) of konjac samples (2, 4 and 6mm) were dehydrated at temperatures (DT) of 50, 60 and 70 °C with vacuum degrees (DV) of 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06 MPa, followed by Box–Behnken design. Dehydrated samples were analyzed for drying time (t), konjac glucomannan content (KGM) and whiteness index (WI). The results showed that the DT and MT should be, respectively, under 60 °C and 4 mm for quality and efficiency purposes. Optimal conditions were found to be: DT of 60.34 °C; DV of 0.06 MPa and MT of 2 mm, and the corresponding responses t, KGM and WI were 5 h, 61.96% and 82, respectively. Moreover, a 3-10-3 ANN model was established to compare with three second order polynomial models established by the RSM, the result showed that the RSM models were superior in predicting capacity (R2 > 0.928; MSE < 1.46; MAE < 1.04; RMSE < 1.21) than the ANN model. The main results may provide some theoretical and technical basis for the konjac vacuum drying and the designing of related equipment.

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Influence of Different Hot Air Drying Temperatures on Drying Kinetics, Shrinkage, and Colour of Persimmon Slices

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9010101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 101 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Senadeera ◽

Adiletta ◽

Önal ◽

Di Matteo ◽

Russo

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Drying Process ◽

Air Velocity ◽

Hot Air Drying ◽

Drying Time ◽

Air Drying ◽

Drying Characteristics ◽

Drying Temperature ◽

Hot Air

Drying characteristics of persimmon, cv. “Rojo Brillante”, slabs were experimentally determined in a hot air convective drier at drying temperatures of 45, 50, 55, 60, and 65 °C at a fixed air velocity of 2.3 m/s. It was observed that the drying temperature affected the drying time, shrinkage, and colour. Four empirical mathematical models namely, Enderson and Pabis, Page, Logarithmic, and Two term, were evaluated in order to deeply understand the drying process (moisture ratio). The Page model described the best representation of the experimental drying data at all investigated temperatures (45, 50, 55, 60, 65 °C). According to the evaluation of the shrinkage models, the Quadratic model provided the best representation of the volumetric shrinkage of persimmons as a function of moisture content. Overall, higher drying temperature (65 °C) improved the colour retention of dried persimmon slabs.

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Optimization of drying ammonium tetramolybdate by microwave heating using response surface methodology

Green Processing and Synthesis ◽

10.1515/gps-2015-0077 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Libo Zhang ◽

Wenqian Guo ◽

Tu Hu ◽

Jing Li ◽

Jinhui Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Microwave Heating ◽

Microwave Drying ◽

Process Variables ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Drying Time ◽

Drying Temperature ◽

Material Thickness ◽

Rsm Technique

AbstractThe process of microwave drying ammonium tetramolybdate is studied, and the process variables of drying time, drying temperature and material thickness are considered. Experiences of microwave drying ammonium tetramolybdate have been optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) technique and a CCD design. Effects of each factor and their interactions are researched, and a quadratic polynomial model for dehydration ratio is established. As can be seen from the ANOVA, the effects of the three process variables are found to be significant in the model, and the empirical model is fit and reliable to check the dehydration ratio of ammonium tetramolybdate. The optimum conditions for drying using microwave heating are found as follows: drying temperature 67°C, drying time 9.5 min and material thickness 15 mm. The optimum dehydration ratio is 79.82% and the last molybdenum content is not <56.3%, with the relatively error of 0.64%, which indicates the success of the process optimization experiments. This research has important significance to offer optimum conditions for industrial production.

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Microwave drying of corn seeds: Effect of Temperature on Drying Time, Energy Consuption and Germination Rate

Proceedings 17th International Conference on Microwave and High Frequency Heating ◽

10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9831 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ángel Hernández Moreno ◽

Rafael Hernández-Maqueda ◽

Isabel Ballesterios ◽

Carlos Torres-Miño

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Microwave Drying ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Total Output ◽

Drying Process ◽

Drying Time ◽

Drying Temperature

Previous studies on the microwave drying of corn seeds have shown that the process parameters employed play a very important role in determining the properties and quality of this grain (Gürsoy et al, 2013). Among these parameters, the drying temperature has a fundamental role (Nair et al, 2011). The main objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of temperature on drying time, energy consumption and germination rate of corn seeds after they have been dried with microwave energy. To achieve the proposed objective, the drying process of these seeds was carried out in a rotating turntable domestic microwave oven (LACOR Model 69330), with a capacity of 30 liters and a total output power of 900 W, fitted with a PID temperature controller Eurotherm 3216 L. In this oven, 100 g of corn seeds, with an initial humidity of approximately 20%, was heated up to 3 drying temperatures (35, 55 and 75 °C). The seeds were weighed every 30 minutes and the drying process was considered completed when a humidity of 12 % was obtained. For each drying temperature studied, the experiments were carried out in duplicate. In each experiment, the electrical energy consumption was measured using a FLUKE 1735 energy analyzer. A sample of the dried seeds was subject to germination tests in a petri dish using filter paper and a volume of distillate water of 20mL to achieve sufficient humidity for them to sprout. Table 1 shows the average values obtained from the variables evaluated for each drying temperature. Table 1. Results of the microwave drying experiments of the corn seeds at different temperatures and their germination tests. Drying temperature (ºC) Drying time to reach a humidity of 12% (min) Energy consumption (Wh) Germination rate (%) 35 345,0 880,3 90,0 55 118,5 330,0 81,3 75 73,5 183,9 12,0 As can be seen in Table 1, the temperature exerts a significant influence on the drying process and the germination rate of the corn seeds. An increase in the drying temperature causes a simultaneous decrease in drying time (∿ 78%) and in energy consumption (∿ 79%), which are very positive aspects. However, there is also an unacceptable decrease (∿ 87%) in the germination rate of the corn seeds. References Gürsoy, S., Choudhary, R., Watson, D.G. Int. J Agric. & Biol. Eng., 2013, 6, 1, 90–99.Nair, G.R., Li, Z., Gariepy, Y., Raghavan, V. Drying Technology, 2011, 29, 11, 1291-1296.

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Kinetic study, optimization and comparison of sun drying and superheated steam drying of asam gelugor (Garcinia cambogia)

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.4(2).288 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 396-406

Author(s):

G.W. Lim ◽

S. Jafarzadeh ◽

Norazatul Hanim M.R.

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Superheated Steam ◽

Acid Number ◽

Drying Process ◽

Drying Time ◽

Sun Drying ◽

Superheated Steam Drying ◽

Steam Drying

The purposes of present study are to compare the kinetic drying of the G. cambogia through sun drying and superheated steam drying (SSD) method and optimizing the quality of SSD of it through response surface methodology. G. cambogia fruit rinds were dried at temperature of 150°C, 200°C and 250°C. The drying curves were fitted into the mathematical model of Page, Lewis and Henderson-Pabis models. Page model was found to be the best in describing the drying behavior of G. cambogia. Drying rate constant (k) increased as temperature increased and SSD method had overall higher drying rates ranged from 5.929 x 10-5 to 5.861 x 10-4 min-1 than sun drying method which was 4.980 x 10-6 min-1 . Total acid number showed a trend of increased followed by decreased over drying time. superheated steam drying process of G. cambogia fruit rinds was optimized by using response surface methodology employing a central composite design. Drying time and temperature were the factors in optimization while moisture content (wet basis), acid number and lightness (*L) were the response parameters. Experimental results were fitted to a second-order polynomial model and the model fitness and optimal drying condition were determined by regression analysis and analysis of variance. The optimal conditions for superheated steam drying of G. cambogia fruit rinds were identified as 46.60 mins and 150°C with the composite desirability of 0.913. Application of superheated steam drying under controlled conditions resulted in faster drying process and better quality of dried G. cambogia than conventional sun drying technique.

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ANALISA KINERJA MESIN OVEN PENGERING BUAH BERKAPASITAS 1 KG

Jurnal Surya Teknika ◽

10.37859/jst.v7i2.2382 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 147-155

Author(s):

Adi Saputra

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Drying Process ◽

Drying Time ◽

Drying Temperature ◽

Oven Drying ◽

Dry Fruit

One way to process pineapples, pineapples are classified as highly perishable and rotten foods. For this reason, it is necessary to handle fruit to save the abundance of fruit that occurs during harvest. One example of what the community has done is dealing with the abundant harvest of pineapples by making fruit as a daily snack, namely getting dry fruit products that are ready to eat by making pineapple chips. The production of fruit kiripik is usually done by frying which is done by frying which contains oil which is usually called conventional frying. Therefore, with this oven drying machine, it can help the community in making pineapple chips. The purpose of this study was to determine the moisture content in the manufacture of pineapple chips in a drying oven machine, to analyze the ratio of temperature settings that were set 95 to 110 in the drying process. The fastest drying time is achieved at drying at a drying temperature of 110 ° C.

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The Effect of Drying Temperature on Nitrogen Loss and Pathogen Removal in Laying Hen Manure

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12010403 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 403

Author(s):

Xuanyang Li ◽

Baoming Li ◽

Qin Tong

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Nitrogen Loss ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Laying Hen ◽

Ammonia Emission ◽

Drying Process ◽

Drying Time ◽

N Content ◽

Drying Temperature ◽

Low Temperature Drying

Exhaust air from the poultry houses or ambient hot air are normally utilized to dry the laying hen manure extensively in the summer in China. The drying process can not only reduce the moisture of lay hen manure but can also have a degerming effect. However, the ammonia emission is considered as one of the major issues of laying hen manure drying and air pollution scouse. Then, it is not clear that whether the ammonia emission increased using the hot ambient air to dry laying hen manure in summer and whether increasing the temperature can inactivate more bacteria during low temperature drying process. Therefore, the main works of this study were to investigate the evolution of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) content, organic nitrogen (Org-N) content, and total bacteria count vs. time during the low-temperature drying process of laying hen manure at different drying temperatures. The results showed that increasing drying temperature can reduce the energy consumption of the manure drying system, but can increase the loss of NH4-N. The Org-N content among the three drying temperatures within same drying time was not significantly different (p > 0.05), which suggested that increasing the temperature did not accelerate the degradation of Org-N during low-temperature drying process. Low-temperature drying had weak destruction of bacteria in laying hen manure and the end dried manure still had a great number of bacteria.

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Study on New Industrial Briquette Composite Binder Using Response Surface Methodology

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.668.96 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 668 ◽

pp. 96-100

Author(s):

Wei Zhao ◽

Yuan Cai Li ◽

Xing Lin Tong

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Model Building ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Total Probability ◽

Bonding Mechanism ◽

Drying Time ◽

Composite Binder ◽

Optimum Formula

To develop a new industrial briquette composite binder, response surface methodology was used to arrange experiments, with modified peat(MP），mixed wastes(WS)，modified clay 2(C2) and clay 1(C1) as raw materials. The experimental data was firstly processed utilizing the method of multi-factorial total probability formula evaluation. Then based on the regression analysis and model building, the optimum formula was obtained. Finally, the bonding mechanism was analyzed through a systematical study by means of both ESEM and TG-DTA. The results indicated that the briquette prepared according to the optimum formula, namely 4.4% of MP, 6.5% of WS, 2% of C1, 1% of C2, and correlative key parameters of briquetting technics, namely forming water 13%, drying temperature 180°C and drying time 2.5h had excellent performances, which could meet the demand of industrial production in enterprises.

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