scholarly journals Optimization of germination process of “Cam” brown rice by response surface methodology and evaluation of germinated rice quality

Food Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.T.K. Loan ◽  
N.M. Thuy
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Rice Quality ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
High Level

“Cam” brown rice (CBR), a Vietnamese cultivar containing a high level of anthocyanin was germinated at various conditions to maximize anthocyanin. To obtain optimum conditions, major factors such as soaking time, pH, germination time and temperature were evaluated using Box-Behnken design to achieve the highest anthocyanin content in germinated “Cam” brown rice (GCBR). The results revealed that 2.6 hrs of soaking at pH 3.1 and followed by 15.5 hrs of germination were optimal germination condition to achieve maximum anthocyanin content (45.18 mg/100 g GCBR). Along with high content of anthocyanin, the increased amounts of these nutrients relative to those in the un-GCBR were 7 times for GABA, 17% polyphenol and 22% reducing sugars. In addition, GCBR possessed good sensory characteristics in structure and taste.

scholarly journals Effect of soaking and sprouting treatment on germination rate of paddy

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 04016
Author(s):  
Natthaporn Chatchavanthatri ◽  
Tiraporn Junyusen ◽  
Pornpimol Moolkaew ◽  
Weerachai Arjharn ◽  
Payungsak Junyusen
Keyword(s):  
Starch Granule ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Ultrasound Treatment ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Germinated Brown Rice ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Gaba Content

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of germination process (i.e., soaking time and temperature, germination time, and ultrasound treatment) on the germination rate of germinated paddy. In addition, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content, and morphology of starch granule of dehulled germinated paddy (germinated brown rice, GB) were characterized. The results showed that extended soaking time from 4 h to 24 h insignificantly increased the germination rate, and increased soaking temperature from 30°C to 40°C had no effect on germination rate (p>0.05). However, extended germination time from 14 h to 48 h significantly improved the germination rate, given soaking time and temperature of 2-8 h at 30°C (p<0.05). Ultrasound treatment for 15 min after 8 h soaking significantly increased the germination rate of 24 h germination, compared with non-ultrasound and ultrasound treatment for 15 min before 8 h soaking. Meanwhile, extended germination time to 48 h, the ultrasound treatment had no effect on the germination rate (p>0.05). The germination process did not affect the morphology of the GB starch granule, compared with brown rice (BR). However, GaBa content of GB (11.67 mg/l00g) was significantly higher than that of BR (1.08 mg/100g) (p<0.05).

Extraction Optimization of Antibacterial Substances from Amomum tsao-ko

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 1036-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Xue Chen ◽  
Mei Fang Peng ◽  
Yue Ying Hu ◽  
Hou Yuan Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Ethanol Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

The aim of this work was to optimize extraction procedure of antibacterial compounds from amomum tsao-ko and verify antibacterial ability of yields. Two methods were carried out and compared. One is ethanol reflux extraction, and the other is ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction which selected due to better antibacterial efficiency of the extract obtained. In order to improve extraction rate and antibacterial activity which both varied with ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions, Box-Behnken design was employed. Studies showed that the optimum conditions for extraction antibacterial substances from amomum tsao-ko were determined to be: ethanol density 100%, soaking time 4h, extraction time 120min.

LADA Synchronization for Symmetric and Asymmetric ATE Test Program Cycles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Karunanithi ◽  
Joseph Caroselli ◽  
Jason Christensen ◽  
Michell Espitia
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Time ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Marginal State ◽  
Structural Failures ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
High Level ◽  
Program Cycle

Abstract Laser Assisted Device Alteration (LADA) or Soft Defect Localization (SDL) is commonly used to root cause device marginality due to functional or structural failures. At a high level, LADA involves setting the device under test (DUT) at its marginal state and using focused near infra-red laser beams to perturb sensitive circuitry [1]. Scanning the focused laser beam over the die can be a long and time-consuming process. In this paper, two LADA cases are presented, which involve a parametric measurement failure while running a dynamic ATE test. Using LADA technique, these two cases were root caused. These two cases also explain how a parametric measurement-based LADA can be setup on ATE, as well as a synchronization method independent of vectors in a pattern. Synchronization was necessitated in the 2nd case due to the asymmetric test program loop, as well as the long test program cycle time. There are many factors which impact LADA turnaround time and it can take anywhere between few seconds to one day. The two major factors are the size of the Area of Interest (AOI) and test program cycle time. Test program cycle time influences the laser “dwell time” for LADA. Dwell time, in simple terms, is the total time the laser is parked at each pixel. The laser can also be synchronized with the test program cycle, keeping the two always in phase. This is explained in Case 2, where LADA synchronization was implemented, and the analysis was successfully completed in time, even though the test cycle time was very long.

Study on the Preparation and Amplification Experiment of Al-Pillared Montmorillonite

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1440-1445
Author(s):  
Gang Chen ◽  
Chun Jie Yan ◽  
Jin Feng Shou ◽  
Juan Mei ◽  
Nan Nan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Pillared Montmorillonite ◽  
Commercial Aluminium ◽  
Major Factors

A method of preparation and pilot scale production of Al-pillared montmorillonite has been developed. There is a minimum of time and amount of liquid. And it is simpler to operate than the conventional method of pillaring by using the commercial aluminium hydroxychloride(PAC) powder as the pillaring agent. Here, the effect of the major factors such as the mass ratio of PAC to montmorillonite, the concentration of montmorillonite slurry, the sodium agent pretreatment, washing times and drying temperature on the Al-pillared montmorillonite are studied. Then the optimal technical parameters is determined. XRD, BET surface area and micropore volume are applied in order to study the structure and properties of Al-pillared montmorillonite. As a result, the amplification experiment under the optimum conditions shows that this method offers the potential for extension to an industrial-scale process.

scholarly journals Application of the Folin-Ciocalteu method to the evaluation of Salvia sclarea extracts

Pharmacia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Hudz ◽  
Oksana Yezerska ◽  
Mariia Shanajda ◽  
Vladimira Horčinová Sedláčková ◽  
Piotr P. Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Pharmaceutical Development ◽  
Salvia Sclarea ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Level

Polyphenols are valuable group of phytoconstituents due to their high antioxidant activity and healing properties. Antioxidant properties of sages are attributed mainly to a high level of phenolic compounds. The aim of the present study was to elaborate an analytical procedure for the evaluation of the content of secondary metabolites of the polyphenol nature in the herb of Clary Sage (Salvia sclarea L.). Four crude extracts of Salvia sclarea herb obtained with different technologies were used to develop an analytical procedure for the total phenolic content (TPC) assay by spectrophotometric method. The optimum conditions for the analysis (time of the reaction, wavelength, and reference substances) were chosen and experimentally justified (60–80 min, 760 nm, gallic acid and rutin, respectively). Under these conditions, the developed analytical procedure is robust in the indicated time and easy for performing in phytochemical or technological laboratories. The yield of TPC from the herb of Salvia sclarea was the highest in the extracts prepared by heating at a temperature of 36–46 °C and with using the ultrasonic bath. TPC was the highest in the extract in which solvent-to-herb ratio was the least (10:1) and particle size was in the range of 2–5 mm. As a result of the studies, the analytical procedure of the determination of TPC was developed and its parameters were justified. This methodology complies with the requirements for pharmaceutical analysis to ensure the reliability of results during pharmaceutical development and routine control of Salvia sclarea extracts.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Temporary Artificial Methods of Contraception Among Women of Child Bearing Age in Awka South Local Government Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
I. G. Eyisi ◽  
C. C. Nwachukwu ◽  
I. A. Njelita ◽  
U. M. Umeh ◽  
C. S. Eyisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Contraceptive Devices ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND: Contraception is the procedure of preventing pregnancy when it is not desired (MedicineNet, 2018). It is broadly divided into natural and artificial methods of which the artificial is further subdivided into Temporary and Permanent methods. METHODS: This research exercise was conducted in Awka South Local Government Area in Anambra State, Nigeria consisting of Nine Towns namely Amawbia, Awka, Ezinato, Isiagu, Mbaukwu, Nibo, Nise, Okpuno and Umuawulu (Wikipedia, 2018). Questionnaires were administered by an interviewer which consists of 5 sections while data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) and the results were chi-squared at appropriate times and data were presented in forms like prose, tables, and charts. RESULTS: 78.9% of the respondents were aware of temporary artificial methods of contraception; 44.3% of correspondents with knowledge of temporary artificial contraceptives got their information from friends while 22.4% of the correspondents got theirs from school which reflects a low level of sex education in our homes and religious institutions. Only 18.4% could actually identify intra-uterine contraceptive devices from a list of options While 43.2% could actually identify a contraceptive pill within a list of options. The study also showed that the oral contraceptive pill most known to 50.4% of the correspondents is postinor-2 while the intra-uterine device most commonly known to those with knowledge of intra-uterine contraceptive device was Mirena which is about 65.8% of the correspondents. Also, this research revealed that 49.2% admitted to having used temporary artificial contraceptives. CONCLUSION: Despite the high level of awareness of temporary artificial contraceptives methods, its level of practice is quite low in this part of the country and the major factors influencing the knowledge and attitude of the participants towards temporary artificial contraceptives are marital status and educational level.

scholarly journals Extraction and purification of L-Asparaginase II from local isolate of Proteus vulgaris

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 509-518
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Ion Exchanger ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
High Level

Forty one isolates of genus Proteus were collected from 140 clinical specimens such as urine, stool, wound, burn, and ear swabs from patients of both sex. These isolates were identified to three Proteus spp. P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris and P. penneri .The ability of these bacteria to produce L-asparaginase II by using semi quantitative and quantitative methods was determined. P. vulgaris Pv.U.92 was distinguished for high level of L-asparaginase II production with specific activity 1.97 U/mg. Optimum conditions for enzyme production were determined; D medium with 0.3% of L-asparagine at pH 7.5 with temperature degree 35°C for incubation. Ultrasonication was used to destroy the P. vulgaris Pv.U.92 cells then ASNase II was extracted and purified throughout several purification steps including precipitation with (NH4)2SO4(60-80%), DEAE-cellulose ion exchanger chromatography followed by Sephacryl S-300 filtration. The specific activity was 155.6 U/ mg and the purification fold was 27.3 with 10.4% yield.

Combined amendment improves soil health and Brown rice quality in paddy soils moderately and highly Co-contaminated with Cd and As

2021 ◽  
pp. 118590
Author(s):  
Yi Jiang ◽  
Hang Zhou ◽  
Jiao-Feng Gu ◽  
Peng Zeng ◽  
Bo-Han Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Health ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Rice Quality

Lipase Acrylic Resin Catalyzed Interesterification of Sewage Sludge in Micro Packed Bed Reactor: Box-Behnken Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 870 ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Ali A. Jazie ◽  
Riyam Imad Jaddan ◽  
Mohamed F. Al-Dawody ◽  
Suhad A. Abed
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Box Behnken Design

Ethyl acetate as acyl accepter have been used for sewage sludge biodiesel production in micro packed bed reactor. Lipase acrylic resin enzyme activity was investigated in the interesterification reaction of converting the sewage sludge into a biodiesel product. The main parameters affecting the process was adjusted via the design of Box-Behnken and approach of response surface then the optimum conditions were as follow (reaction time=15 h, ethyl acetate/oil ratio=24:1, temperature=40 °C and enzyme quantity=18 wt%) providing 95.78 % biodiesel yield. The lipase acrylic resin was examined under the optimum conditions for the reusability. the flow effect and the heating process of the micro packed bed reactor was investigated. The product biodiesel physicochemical properties were evaluated according to the ASTM D-6751-2 and found acceptable comparable to the mineral diesel properties.

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