Phytic acid in legumes: a review of nutritional importance and hydrothermal processing effect on underutilised species

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
M.A. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Hydrothermal Processing ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Nutritional Importance ◽  
Hydrothermal Methods

Phytic acid (IP6), also known as inositol hexakisphosphate, a naturally occurring component of legume seeds, is traditionally regarded as an antinutrient. This report was aimed to provide information on hydrothermal processing effects and nutritional importance of phytic acid in legumes. As a strong chelating agent, phytic acid has the ability to form complexes with protein and mineral elements (e.g. Ca, Fe, Zn and Mg) and thus makes the nutrients unavailable for absorption and utilisation. Reduction of IP6 using soaking and hydrothermal methods enhances the bioavailability of protein and mineral elements. Low level of phytic acid in diets have some health benefit effects and thus classification of phytic acid as an antinutrient needs to be reconsidered.

scholarly journals Modes of Interaction in Naturally Occurring Medical Encounters With General Practitioners: The “One in a Million” Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232199379
Author(s):  
Olaug S. Lian ◽  
Sarah Nettleton ◽  
Åge Wifstad ◽  
Christopher Dowrick
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Mode Competition ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One ◽  
Narrative Mode ◽  
Modes Of Interaction

In this article, we qualitatively explore the manner and style in which medical encounters between patients and general practitioners (GPs) are mutually conducted, as exhibited in situ in 10 consultations sourced from the One in a Million: Primary Care Consultations Archive in England. Our main objectives are to identify interactional modes, to develop a classification of these modes, and to uncover how modes emerge and shift both within and between consultations. Deploying an interactional perspective and a thematic and narrative analysis of consultation transcripts, we identified five distinctive interactional modes: question and answer (Q&A) mode, lecture mode, probabilistic mode, competition mode, and narrative mode. Most modes are GP-led. Mode shifts within consultations generally map on to the chronology of the medical encounter. Patient-led narrative modes are initiated by patients themselves, which demonstrates agency. Our classification of modes derives from complete naturally occurring consultations, covering a wide range of symptoms, and may have general applicability.

scholarly journals Toward a phylogenetic-based Generic Classification of Neotropical Lecythidaceae—I. Status of Bertholletia, Corythophora, Eschweilera and Lecythis

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 203 (2) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Yi Huang ◽  
Scott A. Mori ◽  
Lawrence M. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Simultaneous Analysis ◽  
Bertholletia Excelsa ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Lecythidaceae subfam. Lecythidoideae is limited to the Neotropics and is the only naturally occurring subfamily of Lecythidaceae in the New World. A subset of genera with zygomorphic flowers—Bertholletia, Corythophora, Eschweilera and Lecythis—comprises a group of about 125 species called the Bertholletia clade. A previous study based on plastid ndhF and trnL-F genes supported the monophyly of Corythophora but suggested that Eschweilera and Lecythis are not monophyletic. Using this study as a baseline, we sampled more taxa and sequenced more loci to address the taxonomic problems of the ambiguous genera and to determine relationships within the Bertholletia clade. Our results support the monophyly of the Bertholletia clade as previously circumscribed. In addition, Corythophora is monophyletic, and the two accessions of Bertholletia excelsa come out together on the tree. Results of the simultaneous analysis do not support the monophyly of Lecythis or Eschweilera. Lecythis consists of four main groups (the Lecythis pisonis, L. poiteaui, L. chartacea, and L. corrugata clades), the last of which is nested within Eschweilera, and Eschweilera consists of three clades (the Eschweilera integrifolia, E. tetrapetala, and Eschweilera parvifolia clades). We compare our results with the generic classification presented in the latest monograph of neotropical Lecythidaceae and make recommendations for a revised generic classification of the Bertholletia clade of Lecythidaceae.

scholarly journals The Landscape of Parkin Variants Reveals Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Parkinson’s Disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yi ◽  
Emma J. MacDougall ◽  
Matthew Y. Tang ◽  
Andrea I. Krahn ◽  
Ziv Gan-Or ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Specific Drug ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Population Databases ◽  
Early Onset Parkinson’S Disease

AbstractMutations in Parkin (PARK2), which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase implicated in mitophagy, are the most common cause of early onset Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Hundreds of naturally occurring Parkin variants have been reported, both in PD patient and population databases. However, the effects of the majority of these variants on the function of Parkin and in PD pathogenesis remains unknown. Here we develop a framework for classification of the pathogenicity of Parkin variants based on the integration of clinical and functional evidence – including measures of mitophagy and protein stability, and predictive structural modeling – and assess 51 naturally occurring Parkin variants accordingly. Surprisingly, only a minority of Parkin variants, even among those previously associated with PD, disrupted Parkin function. Moreover, a few of these naturally occurring Parkin variants actually enhanced mitophagy. Interestingly, impaired mitophagy in several of the most common pathogenic Parkin variants could be rescued both by naturally-occurring (p.V224A) and structure-guided designer (p.W403A; p.F146A) hyperactive Parkin variants. Together, the findings provide a coherent framework to classify Parkin variants based on pathogenicity and suggest that several pathogenic Parkin variants represent promising targets to stratify patients for genotype-specific drug design.

scholarly journals Dielectrophoretic classification of fibres: principles and application to glass fibres suspended in air

2019 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 02053
Author(s):  
Frantisek Lizal ◽  
Milan Maly ◽  
Jakub Elcner ◽  
Arpad Farkas ◽  
Ondrej Pech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Deposition Velocity ◽  
Uniform Electric Field ◽  
Electrical Mobility ◽  
Mobility Separation ◽  
Neutral Particles ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Two Parameters

Particles exposed to an electric field experience forces that influence their movement. This effect can be used for filtration of air, or for size classification of aerosols. The motion of charged particles in a non-uniform electric field is called electrophoresis. Two processes are involved in this phenomenon: 1) charging of particles and 2) electrical mobility separation. If fibres are exposed to electrophoresis, they are separated on the basis of two parameters: diameter and length. Regrettably, as naturally occurring fibres are polydisperse both in diameter and length, the electrophoresis is not very efficient in length classification. In contrast, dielectrophoresis is the motion of electrically neutral particles in a non-uniform electric field due to the induced charge separation within the particles. As deposition velocity of fibres induced by dielectrophoretic force strongly depends on length and only weakly on diameter, it can be used for efficient length classification. Principles of length classification of conducting and non-conducting fibres are presented together with design of a fibre classifier. Lastly, images of motion of fibres recorded by high-speed camera are depicted.

Coherent structures in coflowing jets and wakes

1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Perry ◽  
T. T. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Reynolds Number Flow ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Number Flow ◽  
High Reynolds ◽  
Scale Motion

By applying small lateral oscillations to a glass tube from which smoke was issuing, perfectly periodic coflowing jets and wake structures were produced at Reynolds numbers of order 300-1000. These structures remained coherent over long streamwise distances and appeared to be perfectly frozen when viewed under stroboscopic light which was synchronized with the disturbing oscillation. By the use of strobing laser beams, longitudinal sections of the structures were photographed and an account of the geometry of these structures is reported.When the tube was unforced, similar structures occurred but they modulated in scale and frequency, and their orientation was random.A classification of structures is presented and examples are demonstrated in naturally occurring situations such as smoke from a cigarette, the wake behind a three-dimensional blunt body, and the high Reynolds number flow in a plume from a chimney. It is suggested that an examination of these structures may give some insight into the large-scale motion in fully turbulent flow.

scholarly journals Heavy metal content in compost and earthworms from home composters

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Bożym
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Allotment Gardens ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Polish Law

Abstract The paper presents the results of compost tests from home composters and earthworms living there, that treating waste into compost. The samples were taken from home composters and allotment gardens from Opole Region. The composting material was green waste. The total content of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni Cr) in compost and compost earthworms’ samples were determined. It was found that the compost samples were not contaminated with heavy metals. According to the Polish classification of composts from municipal wastes, the composts met the requirements for first class of quality. The composts did not exceed the limits of heavy metals specified in the Polish law for solid organic fertilizers. The degree of metal accumulation by compost earthworms depended on the type of metal. The high value of the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was obtained for Cd, Pb and Zn. No accumulation of other metals (Ni, Cr, Cu) in earthworm bodies was found. It has been found that earthworm species, naturally occurring in Poland, can also be used as potential bioindicators of metals in the environment, such as the species Eisenia fetida. The aim of the study was to evaluate the heavy metal content in composts from home composters and ability to accumulate metals by compost earthworms.

Phytic Acid: An Alternative Root Canal Chelating Agent

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohannad Nassar ◽  
Noriko Hiraishi ◽  
Yukihiko Tamura ◽  
Masayuki Otsuki ◽  
Kazuhiro Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Chelating Agent
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