The nutritional importance of minor millets growing
in geographically and environmentally isolated semi-arid regions
remains largely unexplored, which has led to it being underutilized for diet diversification. In this study, the proximate
composition of three species of minor millets, namely, Barnyard
millet (Echinochloa frumentacea),Finger millet (Eleusine
coracana) and Foxtail millet(Setaria italica), grown in traditional
millet cultivating regions (cold semi-arid) of the Himalayan
range, have been analyzed. Two high altitude locations of
contrasting cold temperatures in this region were selected for
analysis. Dehradun which exhibits a temperature of 25-27℃, is
located at 640 masl. (Meters Above Sea Level) in Uttarakhand
West (UW), whereas, the second location, Pithoragarh which
exhibits a temperature of 15-17℃ is located at 1514 masl. in
Uttarakhand East (UE). The results of this study record a 30.75
percent increase in average protein content of Barnyard millet
grains when the same seed stock was grown at the second region
of lower temperature, i.e. Pithoragarh (15-17℃), as compared to
Dehradun (15-17℃). A 42.66 percent increase in average fat
content was also recorded for Barnyard millet grains when
grown at Pithoragarh (15-17℃). The two other millet species,
Finger millet and Foxtail millet, did not record significant
differences in protein and fat contents, however, Foxtail millet
displayed marginally increased levels of sodium and potassium.
In contrast to the other components analyzed, Total Dietary Fiber
(TDF) was found to decrease with growth at the comparatively
colder location of Pithoragarh. A 36.71 percent decrease in TDF
content was recorded for Barnyard millet, whereas, a 19.25
percent decrease was recorded for Finger millet. Foxtail millet
displayed a marginal decrease of only 5.3 percent in TDF content
with growth at Pithoragarh. Starch concentration and moisture
content for all three species was also studied, but did not record
any notable differences due to growth at the colder location of
Pithoragarh. The results here indicate an important role of cold
temperature and high altitude in regulating the proximate
composition of minor millet grains. Studies which explore the
proximate composition of millet cultivars in such geographically
and environmentally distinct millet growing regions, may reveal
new information regarding the nutritional importance of minor
millets, and the ideal conditions of growth for maximum
nutritional benefit.