scholarly journals Planning for Tolerability: Promoting Positive Attitudes and Behaviours Towards the Maori Language Among Non-Maori New Zealanders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Julia De Bres
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Promotional Materials ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Zealanders

<p>This thesis investigates the effectiveness of promoting positive attitudes and behaviours towards the Maori language among non-Maori New Zealanders as a contributing factor in Maori language regeneration. It begins by examining the theoretical rationale for focusing on the attitudes and behaviours of majority language speakers in minority language regeneration. Although the impact of majority language speakers on minority languages is clear, theoretical perspectives differ on whether majority language speakers should be a focus of language regeneration planning. Competing approaches are discussed,and a process model is introduced for 'planning for tolerability' - minority language planning targeting the attitudes and behaviours of majority language speakers. This model posits five essential components: recognising the problem; defining the target audience of majority language speakers; developing messages and desired behaviours; selecting policy techniques; and evaluating success. After reviewing existing research on the attitudes of non-Maori New Zealanders towards the Maori language and introducing the participants to the current research, the New Zealand government's approach to planning for the tolerability of the Maori language is examined. The Government has recognised the importance of non-Maori in Maori language regeneration since the beginning of the development of the Maori Language Strategy in the mid 1990s. The extent to which the Government considers non-Maori as an important audience for Maori language planning in practice, however, appears to fluctuate. Possible reasons for this are discussed. The main focus of Maori language policy towards non-Maori has been promotional campaigns. The discursive approach taken in a selection of these campaigns is analysed, showing that promotional materials aimed at non-Maori New Zealanders (including television ads, phrase booklets, and a website) transmit a wide range of messages about the Maori language, relating to both attitudes and 'desired behaviours'. Such messages are conveyed through a range of discursive techniques, using both a ' reason' and a 'tickle' approach. An analysis is also presented of data collected from eighty non-Maori New Zealanders at nine white-collar workplaces in Wellington, using questionnaires and interviews. The analysis centres on the attitudes of the participants towards the Maori language, their responses to current and recent promotional materials, and the role they see for themselves in supporting Maori language regeneration. Language policy approaches targeting majority language speakers in two international minority language situations, Wales and Catalonia, are then examined, and comparisons made to the New Zealand approach. The analysis concludes that the three approaches to planning for tolerability each exhibit some unique features, relating to all five components of planning for tolerability. Possible reasons for the distinct approaches are discussed. Finally, the results of the analysis of New Zealand government policy, the data collection process and the international comparisons are drawn together in order to consider the future of planning for tolerability in New Zealand.</p>

scholarly journals Planning for Tolerability: Promoting Positive Attitudes and Behaviours Towards the Maori Language Among Non-Maori New Zealanders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Julia De Bres
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Promotional Materials ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Zealanders

<p>This thesis investigates the effectiveness of promoting positive attitudes and behaviours towards the Maori language among non-Maori New Zealanders as a contributing factor in Maori language regeneration. It begins by examining the theoretical rationale for focusing on the attitudes and behaviours of majority language speakers in minority language regeneration. Although the impact of majority language speakers on minority languages is clear, theoretical perspectives differ on whether majority language speakers should be a focus of language regeneration planning. Competing approaches are discussed,and a process model is introduced for 'planning for tolerability' - minority language planning targeting the attitudes and behaviours of majority language speakers. This model posits five essential components: recognising the problem; defining the target audience of majority language speakers; developing messages and desired behaviours; selecting policy techniques; and evaluating success. After reviewing existing research on the attitudes of non-Maori New Zealanders towards the Maori language and introducing the participants to the current research, the New Zealand government's approach to planning for the tolerability of the Maori language is examined. The Government has recognised the importance of non-Maori in Maori language regeneration since the beginning of the development of the Maori Language Strategy in the mid 1990s. The extent to which the Government considers non-Maori as an important audience for Maori language planning in practice, however, appears to fluctuate. Possible reasons for this are discussed. The main focus of Maori language policy towards non-Maori has been promotional campaigns. The discursive approach taken in a selection of these campaigns is analysed, showing that promotional materials aimed at non-Maori New Zealanders (including television ads, phrase booklets, and a website) transmit a wide range of messages about the Maori language, relating to both attitudes and 'desired behaviours'. Such messages are conveyed through a range of discursive techniques, using both a ' reason' and a 'tickle' approach. An analysis is also presented of data collected from eighty non-Maori New Zealanders at nine white-collar workplaces in Wellington, using questionnaires and interviews. The analysis centres on the attitudes of the participants towards the Maori language, their responses to current and recent promotional materials, and the role they see for themselves in supporting Maori language regeneration. Language policy approaches targeting majority language speakers in two international minority language situations, Wales and Catalonia, are then examined, and comparisons made to the New Zealand approach. The analysis concludes that the three approaches to planning for tolerability each exhibit some unique features, relating to all five components of planning for tolerability. Possible reasons for the distinct approaches are discussed. Finally, the results of the analysis of New Zealand government policy, the data collection process and the international comparisons are drawn together in order to consider the future of planning for tolerability in New Zealand.</p>

scholarly journals Educational Reforms and Language Planning Quandary in Algeria: An Illustration with Arabization

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Ikhlas Gherzouli
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Educational Reforms ◽  
Language Planning And Policy ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
The Impact

Summary The paper aims to present a critical review of language policy development in Algeria since its independence (1962) to present time. It takes the policy of Arabization, an important turning point in Algerian history that was troubled with serious problems, as an example of language planning in the country. Data was gathered from policy documents, laws, and newspaper articles. It was then coded into themes before it was analysed employing a documentary research method. To provide a methodical discussion, the first part of the paper explores language policy and planning in Algeria. The second part discusses the impact of Arabization on the country’s current state of policy development in light of the debates over the national educational reforms of 2003. The third part highlights the quandary that language planners face during the processes of language planning and policy making. Lastly, the paper concludes with an evaluation of the process of language policy development in the country. The paper argues that in order to foster sustainable multilingualism and achieve effective educational reforms, a keener recognition of Algerian linguistic diversity by the government is imperative.

scholarly journals Compositional cyber-physical epidemiology of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Woo Ro ◽  
Nathan Allen ◽  
Weiwei Ai ◽  
Debi Prasad ◽  
Partha S. Roop
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Framework

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges globally. Countries have adopted different strategies with varying degrees of success. Epidemiologists are studying the impact of government actions using scenario analysis. However, the interactions between the government policy and the disease dynamics are not formally captured. We, for the first time, formally study the interaction between the disease dynamics, which is modelled as a physical process, and the government policy, which is modelled as the adjoining controller. Our approach enables compositionality, where either the plant or the controller could be replaced by an alternative model. Our work is inspired by the engineering approach for the design of Cyber-Physical Systems. Consequently, we term the new framework Compositional Cyber-Physical Epidemiology. We created different classes of controllers and applied these to control the disease in New Zealand and Italy. Our controllers closely follow government decisions based on their published data. We not only reproduce the pandemic progression faithfully in New Zealand and Italy but also show the tradeoffs produced by differing control actions.

Working Together, Building Capacity - A Case Study of Civil Defence Emergency Management in New Zealand

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Yao Lee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Psychosocial Effects ◽  
Civil Defence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Zealanders

New Zealanders are exposed to multiple natural hazards. The country has experienced major disasters in the past, but recent decades have been relatively uneventful.1This paper reviews the New Zealand approach to civil defence emergency management (CDEM), as introduced by the Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002 (the CDEM Act). The approach promotes co-operative planning and sustainable management of hazard risks through the “4Rs” - reduction (of risks), readiness, response and recovery. It recognises the central government’s roles of national coordination, and emphasises the responsibilities of regional CDEM Groups, local government and communities for managing local hazard risks. The paper reviews various initiatives to illustrate that capacity building is a collective effort requiring active involvement across central and local government, nongovernmental agencies, communities and all individuals. New Zealand’s preparedness is examined from several perspectives, including: the level of public preparedness, lessons learned from real emergencies, a national exercise programme, and a monitoring and evaluation programme. The paper concludes that New Zealanders are making progress but difficulties remain in persuading all parties to work towards the vision of a “Resilient New Zealand.” 1. This paper was submitted before the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck the Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand (where the second largest city Christchurch is located) on 4 September 2010. Fortunately, no deaths and only a few serious injuries were reported as a result of the earthquake. The impact on buildings, infrastructure and economy, and psychosocial effects are being assessed as the paper is being finalised. However, the event is set to become the most costly disaster so far in New Zealand history. It will also be the most significant real test for many years of New Zealand’s emergency management arrangements, but it is too soon for an assessment in this paper of their effectiveness.

Hindsight in 2020? New Zealand's ‘Wait and See’ Approach to Mobile Broadband Regulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Author(s):  
Michael S. Daubs
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Mobile Broadband ◽  
Broadband Service ◽  
Spectrum Auctions ◽  
Spectrum Auction ◽  
Wait And See ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

New Zealand's Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment's Review of the Telecommunications Act 2001, released in 2013, highlighted an increased demand for mobile broadband service, particularly in relation to the 700 MHz spectrum auction of 14 January 2014 – space ideal for next-generation 4G or Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile services. The government seemingly adopted a ‘wait and see’ approach to mobile broadband regulation, however, delaying its development until 2020 when there will be ‘a clearer sense of the impact of new networks and technology’. One can look to Canada to see the need for robust mobile broadband policies. Like New Zealand, Canada has relied primarily upon spectrum auctions to stimulate market competition. The spectrum auction frameworks used there, however, have done little to promote market competition. Applying the lessons learned from Canada to a New Zealand context, this article argues for a more assertive regulatory framework sooner rather than later.

scholarly journals LANGUAGE POLICY IN THE PRESCHOOL SECTOR OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF SINGAPORE

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Isakova Ye.P.
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Early Learners ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Studying language education in the preschool sector of a country, which is multinational and has a high quality education system, is useful in terms of implementing effective and proven means of updating and optimizing of domestic preschool education. The purpose of the article is to study and analyze Singapore’s language policy and ways of its implementation in the country’s preschool education sector. Methods. The work is based on the methodological principles of scientificity, objectivity and integrity. The research is based on such methods of scientific researches as the analysis of scientific literature and normative documents, synthesis, comparison, generalization and systematization of the received data.Research results. The main directions of the state activity on providing bilingual education in the preschool sector of Singapore, as well as unification and regulation of the functioning of Singapore’s preschool educational institutions in the field of language education are studied. It was found that the conceptual framework “Nurturing early learners”, proposed by the Ministry of Education of Singapore, allowed creating a single conceptual and methodological basis for the development of curricula in each individual preschool institution. Another focus of the Singaporean government has been turned to reducing the impact of English and Chinese dominance in the country’s preschool sector and to increasing the number of Malay and Tamil language programs in preschools for ensuring equal access to language education for all Singaporean ethnic groups by opening new kindergartens with an offer to study English and three native languages (optional).Conclusions. It was determined that the country’s bilingual policy was implemented with the pragmatic goal of uniting a multinational society and achieving economic growth, on the one hand, and preserving the national heritage, culture and traditions of the ethnic groups living in Singapore, on the other. Despite the private nature of Singapore’s pre-school education sector, the government is actively involved in regulating it, including language education, ensuring the principle of meritocracy by meeting the needs of all ethnic groups in language education at the pre-school level.Key words: language policy, language education, bilingualism, preschool education, English, native lan-guage, educational process. Дослідження особливостей мовної освіти в дошкільному секторі країни, яка є мультинаціональ-ною за складом населення і має високоякісну освітню систему, є корисним з точки зору запроваджен-ня ефективних та апробованих засобів оновлення та оптимізації вітчизняної дошкільної освіти. Мета статті полягає у вивченні та аналізі мовної політики Сінгапуру й засобів її реалізації в дошкільному секторі освіти країни. Методи. Робота ґрунтується на методологічних принципах науковості, об’єктив-ності та цілісності. В процесі дослідження застосовувалися такі методи наукових досліджень, як ана-ліз наукової літератури і нормативних документів, синтез, порівняння, узагальнення й систематизація отриманих даних.Результати дослідження. Простежено основні напрями діяльності держави із забезпечення білінгвальної освіти в дошкільному секторі Сінгапуру, а також уніфікації та регулювання діяльності закладів дошкільної освіти Сінгапуру у сфері мовної освіти. Встановлено, що запропонована Мініс-терством освіти Сінгапуру концептуальна рамка «Виховання дітей раннього віку» дала змогу створити єдину концептуальну й методологічну базу для розроблення навчальних програм в окремих закладах дошкільної освіти. Іншим напрямом діяльності уряду Сінгапуру стало зменшення наслідків домінуван-ня англійської та китайської мов у дошкільному секторі країни, збільшення кількості програм вивчен-ня малайської і тамільської мов у дошкільних закладах освіти задля забезпечення рівного доступу до мовної освіти для представників усіх етносів Сінгапуру за рахунок відкриття нових дитячих садочків із пропозицією вивчення англійської мови та трьох рідних мов на вибір.Висновки. Визначено, що білінгвальна політика країни запроваджена з прагматичною метою об’єд-нання багатонаціонального суспільства й досягнення економічного росту, з одного боку, та збережен-ня національної спадщини, культури й традицій етносів, які проживають у Сінгапурі, з іншого боку. Незважаючи на приватний характер дошкільного сектору освіти, уряд країни бере активну участь у його регулюванні та спрямовує свої зусилля на забезпечення потреб усіх етнічних груп населення в мовній освіті.Ключові слова: мовна політика, мовна освіта, білінгвізм, дошкільна освіта, англійська мова, рідна мова, навчальний процес.

scholarly journals Language Policy and the Use of English as the Medium of Instruction in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
Saadia Mesti
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Medium Of Instruction ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Regional Language ◽  
The Government ◽  
Pluralist Approach

Pakistan is linguistically a diverse country. The language policies of successive governments resemble a kind of educational apartheid, where local languages have continuously been neglected. The paper reviews the various language policies in Pakistan, and then, critically examines the existing language policy, and its implications on medium of instruction. The analysis suggests that linguistic cohesion with multi-linguistic policies are needed to adopt a multi-lingual approach in language planning policy in Pakistan. A more pluralist approach to language planning and policy (the mother tongue and regional language for local/regional communication, Urdu for national use, and English for national and international communication) may present a range of implementation challenges. The study is significant because it will shade light on the linguistic situation in Pakistan, and on the government language policy. It will also try to figure out how Pakistan can develop an ecologically valid model for bi/multiliteracy for such complex linguistic context.

scholarly journals Compositional Cyber-Physical Epidemiology of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Woo Ro ◽  
Nathan Allen ◽  
Weiwei Ai ◽  
Debi Prasad ◽  
Partha S. Roop
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Framework

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges globally. Countries have adopted different strategies with varying degrees of success. Epidemiologists are studying the impact of government actions using scenario analysis. However, the interactions between the government policy and the disease dynamics are not formally captured.We, for the first time, formally study the interaction between the disease dynamics, which is modelled as a physical process, and the government policy, which is modelled as the adjoining controller. Our approach enables compositionality, where either the plant or the controller could be replaced by an alternative model. Our work is inspired by the engineering approach for the design of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). Consequently, we term the new framework Compositional Cyber-Physical Epidemiology (CCPE). We created different classes of controllers and applied these to control the disease in New Zealand and Italy. Our controllers closely follow government decisions based on their published data. We not only reproduce the pandemic progression faithfully in New Zealand and Italy but also show the tradeoffs produced by differing control actions.

scholarly journals Measuring digital transformation impact in Jordan: A proposed framework.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Mohammad Adaileh ◽  
Ali Alshawawreh
Keyword(s):  
Business Environment ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Public Sector Innovation ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Government ◽  
Smart Specialization ◽  
The Impact

The digital transformation vision (REACH 2025) is essential for transformation and enabling individuals, sectors, and companies in Jordan to adopt digital solutions and build a robust ground in conducting business. The government in Jordan launched the REACH2025 Vision in 2016, and it has taken many serious measures to bring sectors, companies, and individuals to virtual digital by 2025. This government's vision consisted of seven dimensions (Smart Specialization and demand-driven innovation, Public Sector Innovation, Tech Start-ups and Entrepreneurs, ICT Skills, Capacity and Talent, Enabling Business Environment, Smart digital economy infrastructure, and Governance), and 18 actions to implement over ten years. The researchers used these dimensions to build a framework to measure the impact of government progress on enabling individuals, sectors, and companies, on productivity, and encouraging investment. The researchers used a sample of 196 respondents from various disciplines to figure out attitudes and evaluate government actions. The researchers also used responses to validate the proposed theoretical framework in the components of the digital economy. The results revealed positive attitudes towards the development and implementation, and excellent in some areas, while some measures need strengthening and re-evaluation. The study recommended employing the proposed framework to measure the actual impact of the digital transformation. The study also advises leading future research towards further empirical examination to validate the framework proposed.

Language planning and language policy in Sardinia

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-88
Author(s):  
Rosangela Lai
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
The Status ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Key Steps

Abstract In 1999, the Italian Republic acknowledged the status of Sardinian as a minority language. Since then the Autonomous Region of Sardinia has been committed to the development of language policies for Sardinian. A regional law approved in 1997 adopted the aim of promoting the different varieties of the languages spoken in Sardinia. The goals changed substantially when the Region adopted for its language planning activities the ideas of a cultural-political movement known as Movimentu Linguisticu Sardu, and appointed an activist Director of the Bureau of the Sardinian Language. This article presents and discusses the key steps in the last decade of language planning: the proposals, their development and consequences.

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