scholarly journals Design for Smart Transport: An Integrated Multi-Modal Transport Interchange in Central Christchurch

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joey Moh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
The Public ◽  
Organisational Form ◽  
The City

<p>Transportation, an essential component of modern life, is responsible for one of the biggest growth  areas of our greenhouse gas emissions which causes problem for our environment and the economy. New  Zealand cities face the same issues as many other cities in the globalised world. This thesis  analyses the integration of all the public transport systems to encourage people to get out of the  car and reduce the traffic volume within the city centre to develop with the aim of developing a  sustainable city towards the future. Drivers in New Zealand believe commuter stress could be  significantly reduced by improving public transport. The design calls for a new central transport  interchange for all the public transport systems within Christchurch city to form a spectacular  gateway to the city. The aim of the design is to create a unified urban structure in which diverse  infrastructural and public elements merge together to form one building. The outcome of this research identifies a strong future for a public transport interchange, but  states that its physical and organisational form needs to be re-established. It finds that  technology and architecture offer new opportunities useful for reinterpreting the typology. The  thesis concludes that future public transport interchanges will become hybrids of activity, and  places where the threads of urban life are joined together. The interchanges can become a major  catalyst of urban regeneration - a focus for commerce and the flow of ideas as well as the movement of people.</p>

scholarly journals Design for Smart Transport: An Integrated Multi-Modal Transport Interchange in Central Christchurch

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joey Moh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
The Public ◽  
Organisational Form ◽  
The City

<p>Transportation, an essential component of modern life, is responsible for one of the biggest growth  areas of our greenhouse gas emissions which causes problem for our environment and the economy. New  Zealand cities face the same issues as many other cities in the globalised world. This thesis  analyses the integration of all the public transport systems to encourage people to get out of the  car and reduce the traffic volume within the city centre to develop with the aim of developing a  sustainable city towards the future. Drivers in New Zealand believe commuter stress could be  significantly reduced by improving public transport. The design calls for a new central transport  interchange for all the public transport systems within Christchurch city to form a spectacular  gateway to the city. The aim of the design is to create a unified urban structure in which diverse  infrastructural and public elements merge together to form one building. The outcome of this research identifies a strong future for a public transport interchange, but  states that its physical and organisational form needs to be re-established. It finds that  technology and architecture offer new opportunities useful for reinterpreting the typology. The  thesis concludes that future public transport interchanges will become hybrids of activity, and  places where the threads of urban life are joined together. The interchanges can become a major  catalyst of urban regeneration - a focus for commerce and the flow of ideas as well as the movement of people.</p>

scholarly journals Prediction of the Transition From Subexponential to the Exponential Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Chennai, India: Epidemic Nowcasting

10.2196/21152 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e21152
Author(s):  
Kamalanand Krishnamurthy ◽  
Bakiya Ambikapathy ◽  
Ashwani Kumar ◽  
Lourduraj De Britto
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
National Level ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
The City

Background Several countries adopted lockdown to slowdown the exponential transmission of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic. Disease transmission models and the epidemic forecasts at the national level steer the policy to implement appropriate intervention strategies and budgeting. However, it is critical to design a data-driven reliable model for nowcasting for smaller populations, in particular metro cities. Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the transition of the epidemic from subexponential to exponential transmission in the Chennai metro zone and to analyze the probability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) secondary infections while availing the public transport systems in the city. Methods A single geographical zone “Chennai-Metro-Merge” was constructed by combining Chennai District with three bordering districts. Subexponential and exponential models were developed to analyze and predict the progression of the COVID-19 epidemic. Probabilistic models were applied to assess the probability of secondary infections while availing public transport after the release of the lockdown. Results The model predicted that transition from subexponential to exponential transmission occurs around the eighth week after the reporting of a cluster of cases. The probability of secondary infections with a single index case in an enclosure of the city bus, the suburban train general coach, and the ladies coach was found to be 0.192, 0.074, and 0.114, respectively. Conclusions Nowcasting at the early stage of the epidemic predicts the probable time point of the exponential transmission and alerts the public health system. After the lockdown release, public transportation will be the major source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in metro cities, and appropriate strategies based on nowcasting are needed.

scholarly journals Multi-stakeholder dialogue on formal and informal forms of public transport in Harare, Zimbabwe: Convergence or divergence perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatenda Mbara ◽  
Smart Dumba ◽  
Tapiwa Mukwashi
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Policy Dialogue ◽  
Transit System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
The City

Cities in the developing world are growing both geographically and demographically. Thisgrowth has increased pressure on services, including the public transport systems used bythe majority of people. In the last two decades public transport provision has undergoneconsiderable changes. Concomitant to these changes there has been debate on the formof public transport to be operated. Such debate has been informal, general, and at timesacademic, and therefore not able to provide substantive understanding of the views of keystakeholders. Zimbabwe has had an explosion of informal transport activity in the formof minibuses, and decision makers appear to be in a policy dilemma because of a need tostrike a balance between maximising passenger welfare whilst protecting the livelihoods ofindigenous minibus operators and striving to build an efficient and environmentally soundurban transport system. Critical questions for policy dialogue in this conundrum include,inter alia: How do stakeholders perceive the current public transport system? How can publictransport be sustainably provided? This study seeks to answer these questions using a casestudy of Harare. A qualitative research approach blended with some quantitative aspects wasused. Initial steps involved the identification and clustering of key urban public passengertransport stakeholders, followed by structured and unstructured interviews. Although thereis lack of consensus on the form of public transport that the City of Harare should adopt, thereis a strong view that a mass transit system is the backbone of sustainable public transport.

Prediction of the Transition From Subexponential to the Exponential Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Chennai, India: Epidemic Nowcasting (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamalanand Krishnamurthy ◽  
Bakiya Ambikapathy ◽  
Ashwani Kumar ◽  
Lourduraj De Britto
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
National Level ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
The City

BACKGROUND Several countries adopted lockdown to slowdown the exponential transmission of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic. Disease transmission models and the epidemic forecasts at the national level steer the policy to implement appropriate intervention strategies and budgeting. However, it is critical to design a data-driven reliable model for nowcasting for smaller populations, in particular metro cities. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to analyze the transition of the epidemic from subexponential to exponential transmission in the Chennai metro zone and to analyze the probability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) secondary infections while availing the public transport systems in the city. METHODS A single geographical zone “Chennai-Metro-Merge” was constructed by combining Chennai District with three bordering districts. Subexponential and exponential models were developed to analyze and predict the progression of the COVID-19 epidemic. Probabilistic models were applied to assess the probability of secondary infections while availing public transport after the release of the lockdown. RESULTS The model predicted that transition from subexponential to exponential transmission occurs around the eighth week after the reporting of a cluster of cases. The probability of secondary infections with a single index case in an enclosure of the city bus, the suburban train general coach, and the ladies coach was found to be 0.192, 0.074, and 0.114, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Nowcasting at the early stage of the epidemic predicts the probable time point of the exponential transmission and alerts the public health system. After the lockdown release, public transportation will be the major source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in metro cities, and appropriate strategies based on nowcasting are needed.

Assessing the public transport service to urban parks on the basis of spatial accessibility for citizens in the compact megacity of Shanghai, China

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1983-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huilin Liang ◽  
Qingping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Urban Park ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
Travel Mode ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
The City ◽  
Public Transport Service

Urban parks and public transport are indispensable elements of a compact megacity for their environmental and social values. However, few measures of urban park accessibility have considered the public transport travel mode. Based on the framework of geographic information systems (GIS) network analysis, this study proposes an innovative method to incorporate public transport travel mode into urban park accessibility evaluations. Taking Shanghai, China, as the study area, we measured home to park and park from home travel times on multi-modal transport networks, calculated the accessibilities by multiple equations, and compared accessibilities for different districts. These methods extend current accessibility measures by calculating accessibility at a realistic level, and provide a measure of public transport service for urban parks. The results for Shanghai show that approximately 99.95% of home to park routes might include public transport. The distribution of home to park public transport accessibility of the city was uneven. The patches with best accessibility tend to be distributed in the built-up area in the city centre. Public transport access to urban parks is inhomogeneous for different districts, because of urban park locations, road network characteristics, and uneven public transport supply. The distribution of park from home public transport accessibility has no significant correlation with district development stage. Public transport service in Shanghai takes no account of the factors of park star rating or size. Positive actions are required to improve the equity of public transport access to the important public health resources of urban parks.

scholarly journals How Public Transport affected the Propagation of Zika and Microcephaly within Rio de Janeiro early in 2015

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Armstrong ◽  
F.C. Coelho ◽  
L. Bastos ◽  
V. Saraceni ◽  
C. Lemos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Forced Ventilation ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
The City

AbstractFrom mid-2015 to the end of January 2016, 47 cases of microcephaly were observed in the city of Rio de Janeiro, that were not due to other viral infections (syphilis, toxoplasmosis, herpes & cytomegalovirus). These children were conceived from Dec 2014 to April 2015, far too early to be explained by the officially recorded cases from October 2015 onward. Zika must have been rampant in the city from late 2014 onward. In the first half of the paper we study how the geographic spread of microcephaly cases evolved from mid-2015 to January 2016 (and hence Zika 6-9 months earlier). Cases were not evenly spread in proportion to the number of births; they were preferentially located in the northern suburbs apparently following the public transport routes, with virtually no cases in favelas and none in the southern suburbs (Zona Sul). One key difference between the transport systems in the northern and southern suburbs is that the metro & rail system in the north is above ground in the north whereas in the southern part the metro is underground with air-conditioning in carriages and forced ventilation on the platforms. The train system does not extend to Zona Sul.In the second half of the paper we postulate that the air-conditioning and ventilation prevent mosquitos from biting people who are waiting on platforms in Zona Sul. Agent-based simulations are used to test this hypothesis. After confirming this, we postulate that providing air-conditioning and/or forced ventilation on the rail-metro transport hub in the city center (Centro) would significantly delay the propagation of arboviruses in the city, possibly preventing epidemics. One advantage of this proposal is that it does not require the use of insecticides.

Perancangan Boneka Edukasi Terinspirasi oleh Pencipta Boneka Si Unyil

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhari Amri
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Rural Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City ◽  
Simple Materials

Film Unyil puppet comes not just part of the entertainment world that can be enjoyed by people from the side of the story, music, and dialogue. However, there is more value in it which is a manifestation of the creator that can be absorbed into the charge for the benefit of educating the children of Indonesia to the public at large. The Unyil puppet created by the father of Drs. Suyadi is one of the works that are now widely known by the whole people of Indonesia. The process of creating a puppet Unyil done with simple materials and formation of character especially adapted to the realities of the existing rural region. Through this process, this research leads to the design process is fundamentally educational puppet inspired by the creation of Si Unyil puppet. The difference is the inspiring character created in this study is on the characters that exist in urban life, especially the city of Jakarta. Thus the results of this study are the pattern of how to shape the design of products through the creation of the puppet with the approach of urban culture.

Multi-occupation segregation through London's tube network

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110271
Author(s):  
Yao Shen ◽  
Yiyi Xu ◽  
Zhuoya Huang
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Segregation Index ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Transfer Stations

As an extension of public space, the public transport system in modern society is an arena for cross-group interactions. Uncovering social segregation in public transport space is an essential step in shaping a socially sustainable transport system. Based on 2011 origin–destination flow data for London, we simulate the working flows between each pair of connected tube stations for every occupation with minimised transfer times and travelling hours and calculate the multi-occupation segregation index for all tube stations and segments. This segregation index captures the density and diversity aspects of the working population. The results demonstrate that segregation levels vary significantly across stations, lines, and segments. Transfer stations and tube segments in the city centre do not necessarily have lower levels of segregation. Those stations or segments close to a terminus can also be socially inclusive, e.g., Heathrow. Victoria is the line with the lowest levels of segregation, and Green Park is the most socially inclusive station during commuting peaks. The proposed mapping approach demonstrates the spatial complexity in the social performance of the public transport system and provides a tool for implementing relevant policy with improved precision.

scholarly journals A Novel Model for Determining Public Service Compensation in Integrated Public Transport Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordan Stojić ◽  
Dušan Mladenović ◽  
Olegas Prentkovskis ◽  
Slavko Vesković
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Optimal Approach ◽  
Novel Model

In free market conditions, if public passenger transport services are commercially unprofitable, there will be no interest for transport companies to perform them. However, directly because of the citizens’ interests, on the one hand, and indirectly because of the economy, passenger public transport services have become of a general public interest. The authorities must prepare appropriate legal fair market conditions, based on which public transport will be subsidized and conducted. In order to achieve that, for the mutual benefit of the public, users and transport companies, it is necessary that the right Public Service Obligation Model (PSO model or in some literature PCS—Public Service Compensation) be defined. Within this study, the optimal approach to assigning a PSC contract to transport companies for performing the PSO in integrated and regular public passenger transport systems is determined. A novel model, presented in this paper, can help national, regional and local authorities to choose and determine the way and level of PSCs for conducting the public transport of passengers and establishing a sustainable public passenger transport system.

scholarly journals Headquarters of Large Enterprises in the Spatial Structure of Major Polish Cities

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 178-193
Author(s):  
Przemysław Śleszyński
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
High Order ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Spatial Concentration ◽  
The Public ◽  
Large Company ◽  
Central Business Districts ◽  
The City

The paper is based on the author’s monograph (Śleszyński, 2008). It presents the analysis of enterprise headquarters’ locations in eight largest Polish cities (Warsaw, Szczecin, The Tricity [Gdańsk–Gdynia–Sopot], Poznań, Łódź, Wrocław, Katowice and Krakow). The study primarily involved data from the Hoppenstedt Bonnier database for the year 2004, concerning 3810 entities whose overall revenue exceeded the minimum of 15.6 million PLN. The businesses were analysed in terms of their location with respect to the city centre, as well as the differentiation of revenues, line of business and ownership structure. The analyses helped in the formulation of the basic regularities of the location distribution. For instance, it was found that spatial concentration is most significant in the case of the largest enterprises, the public sector and more advanced businesses, particularly high-order services.The location of large company headquarters, as well as their mutual connections, performs one of the key roles (or even the most important one) in the development of Central Business Districts in Polish cities during transformation.

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