scholarly journals Crowdsourcing the Cadastre: The Applicability of Crowdsourced Geospatial Information to the New Zealand Cadastre

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Andrew David Clouston
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Existing Data

<p>Crowdsourcing has transformed how geographic information is collected, stored, disseminated, analysed, visualised and used (Sui et al., 2013b). Yet, crowdsourcing has had little impact on core government geospatial data. This ‘authoritative data’ is often tightly controlled with a focus on data quality and security for protection from unauthorised change (Rice et al., 2012). Opportunities for consumers, users and existing data producers to contribute their skills and information to enhance authoritative government geospatial data has been limited. The adoption, or use, of crowdsourcing by Government has been slow (Haklay et al., 2014).  The New Zealand Cadastre, managed by Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) is an example of a core government geospatial system that has collated and managed data for over a century. Despite data meeting the contemporary acceptance standards when it was integrated into the cadastre, data quality is often questioned by users as inaccuracies or discrepancies are identified (Opus, 2013). Web 2.0 technologies and easy to use mobile devices enabled geospatial capability and a user skill base to an increased acceptance of crowdsourcing as a means to build and maintain geospatial datasets (Kostanski, 2012, McLaren, 2011, Rice et al., 2012). Accordingly, if cadastral data is to be maintained and enhanced to meet modern expectations for multiple use (LINZ, 2013a, Cadastre Ltd, 2003), one option is the use of crowdsourcing (Grant et al., 2014, LINZ, 2013a).  This thesis examines the potential applicability of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) as a specific form of crowdsourcing within an authoritative database - the New Zealand Cadastre. Using a two phase quantitative and qualitative methodology, the perspectives of users, data providers and administrators are explored to ascertain the applicability of VGI to the New Zealand Cadastre.  This thesis finds that crowdsourcing concepts could enable users to contribute data or information, re-conceptualise the role of the existing data providers (predominately licensed cadastral surveyors) and enable the reuse of cadastral related work. Cadastral VGI can provide advances in data collection and maintenance processes; if users, data producers and administrators change their perception of what crowdsourcing is, and what it can provide. However, the importance of user perception in the quality of the dataset will need to be strongly considered in any integration of VGI into the cadastre or other authoritative datasets.</p>

scholarly journals Crowdsourcing the Cadastre: The Applicability of Crowdsourced Geospatial Information to the New Zealand Cadastre

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Andrew David Clouston
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Existing Data

<p>Crowdsourcing has transformed how geographic information is collected, stored, disseminated, analysed, visualised and used (Sui et al., 2013b). Yet, crowdsourcing has had little impact on core government geospatial data. This ‘authoritative data’ is often tightly controlled with a focus on data quality and security for protection from unauthorised change (Rice et al., 2012). Opportunities for consumers, users and existing data producers to contribute their skills and information to enhance authoritative government geospatial data has been limited. The adoption, or use, of crowdsourcing by Government has been slow (Haklay et al., 2014).  The New Zealand Cadastre, managed by Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) is an example of a core government geospatial system that has collated and managed data for over a century. Despite data meeting the contemporary acceptance standards when it was integrated into the cadastre, data quality is often questioned by users as inaccuracies or discrepancies are identified (Opus, 2013). Web 2.0 technologies and easy to use mobile devices enabled geospatial capability and a user skill base to an increased acceptance of crowdsourcing as a means to build and maintain geospatial datasets (Kostanski, 2012, McLaren, 2011, Rice et al., 2012). Accordingly, if cadastral data is to be maintained and enhanced to meet modern expectations for multiple use (LINZ, 2013a, Cadastre Ltd, 2003), one option is the use of crowdsourcing (Grant et al., 2014, LINZ, 2013a).  This thesis examines the potential applicability of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) as a specific form of crowdsourcing within an authoritative database - the New Zealand Cadastre. Using a two phase quantitative and qualitative methodology, the perspectives of users, data providers and administrators are explored to ascertain the applicability of VGI to the New Zealand Cadastre.  This thesis finds that crowdsourcing concepts could enable users to contribute data or information, re-conceptualise the role of the existing data providers (predominately licensed cadastral surveyors) and enable the reuse of cadastral related work. Cadastral VGI can provide advances in data collection and maintenance processes; if users, data producers and administrators change their perception of what crowdsourcing is, and what it can provide. However, the importance of user perception in the quality of the dataset will need to be strongly considered in any integration of VGI into the cadastre or other authoritative datasets.</p>

scholarly journals The method for the quality evaluation of open geospatial data for creation and updating of datasets for National Spatial Data Infrastructure in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Danylo Kin ◽  
Nadiia Lazorenko-Hevel
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Spatial Data Infrastructure ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Geospatial Datasets

Abstract The purpose of the article is to present the research on method of the quality evaluation of published open geospatial data and its implementation in Ukraine. The method of the quality evaluation of open geospatial data considers the international standard ISO 19157 “Geographic information. Data quality”. This method is to determine the number of points or levels (maximum – 5). The research was carried out for the evaluation of open geoinformation resources for production of geospatial datasets, as defined in the Ukrainian Law on NSDI. The authors evaluated the quality of 142 open geoinformation resources and other information resources (materials) for the production and updating of 34 geospatial datasets for the development of NSDI in Ukraine. The authors present the example of the quality evaluation of geospatial data for datasets: “State Geodetic Reference Coordinate System UCS-2000”, “State Geodetic Network”, “Geographical Names” and “Administrative Units” because they are the components of the Core Reference Dataset of NSDI. Limitations of the research were determined by the adopted the Law of Ukraine “On National Spatial Data Infrastructure” and the Order for NSDI functioning in Ukraine and the requirements of the international standard ISO 19157 “Geographic information. Data quality”. The results of the research will be employed to evaluate the quality of NSDI implementation in Ukraine. The proposed method allows evaluating the quality of open geospatial dataset before using them for analysis and modeling of terrain, phenomena. This method takes into account the quality of geospatial data, and its related requirements for their production, updating and publication.

scholarly journals Second Life as a research environment: avatar-based focus groups (AFG)

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Gadalla ◽  
Ibrahim Abosag ◽  
Kathy Keeling
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Purpose – This study aims to examine the nature and the potential use of avatar-based focus groups (AFGs) (i.e. focus groups conducted in three-dimensional [3D] virtual worlds [VWs]) as compared to face-to-face and online focus groups (OFGs), motivated by the ability of VWs to stimulate the realism of physical places. Over the past decade, there has been a rapid increase in using 3D VWs as a research tool. Design/methodology/approach – Using a two-phase reflective approach, data were collected first by using traditional face-to-face focus groups, followed by AFGs. In Phase 2, an online, semi-structured survey provided comparison data and experiences in AFGs, two-dimensional OFGs and traditional face-to-face focus groups. Findings – The findings identify the advantages and disadvantages of AFGs for marketing research. There is no evident difference in data quality between the results of AFGs and face-to-face focus groups. AFG compensates for some of the serious limitations associated with OFGs. Practical implications – The paper reflects on three issues, data quality, conduct of AFGs (including the moderator reflection) and participant experience, that together inform one’s understanding of the characteristics, advantages and limitations of AFG. Originality/value – This is the first paper to compare between AFGs, traditional face-to-face focus groups and OFGs. AFG holds many advantages over OFGs and even, sometimes, over face-to-face focus groups, providing a suitable environment for researchers to collect data.

scholarly journals Map Usage on Smartphones and Acquisition of Spatial Knowledge

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Noriko Shingaki
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Spatial Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
First Time ◽  
Research Domain

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The study of spatial cognition has been one of important research domain for geographic information science. Recently our circumstance to acquire geographic information have been changed (e. g. Wakabayashi, Itoh, &amp; Nagami, 2011), so It is important to clarify the influence of the environmental change in the acquisition of spatial knowledge.</p><p>In this study we revealed relationships between the tendency to use geospatial information on smartphones and the acquisition of spatial knowledge. Currently, most people own smartphones and obtain transit information from them, such as train transit planners and Google maps, when they visit a place for the first time. The usage of geospatial information on smartphones significantly affects the accuracy of cognitive maps. Maps, including train route maps, present locational information widely, in a two-dimensional space; thus, users can understand the relationships among locations over a wide area. In contrast, the small displays of smartphones permit the concurrent viewing of only small areas of geospatial information. Locational information, such as the results of transportation planner applications, are typically described in a one-dimensional space, from start point to goal point.</p><p>Little is known regarding the effect of accessing geospatial information through smartphones on cognitive maps. The purpose of this study was to determine how people obtain locational information and how the experience of accessing locational information through smartphones affects the acquisition spatial knowledge regarding locations of places. To understand this spatial knowledge acquisition, we conducted two experiments.</p>

scholarly journals The Strategies for Strengthening National Geographic Information Infrastructure in Nepal

2010 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Nab Raj Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Research ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Information Infrastructure ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Lead Agency ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
National Geographic ◽  
Policy Statements

Nepal has already initiated the National Geographic Information Infrastructure activities (NGII). For a successful implementation of a National Geospatial Data Infrastructure (NGDI), there is a need for a national policy that will provide the necessary guidelines, identify various committees to be responsible for the various aspects of the NGDI (such as standards, custodianship, sharing and partnership) and provide issues that are acting as the constraints against the take off of the NGDI. The issues must be discussed at a forum where all the stakeholders would meet to discuss on the various issues in the draft policy prior to the approval. There is also a need for an agency to be the lead agency in the development of a NGDI, for which the prevalent NGIIP can be given authority to act as a coordinator until the formation of the National Geographic Information Council. This paper highlights that each stakeholder organization must have certain strategies that work in resonance with broad SDI strategies that perform NGII development and proposes its mission, vision and some general policy statements for the development of SDI activities in Nepal. Some goals and corresponding strategies identified as an outcome of recently held evaluation research on NGII has been provided as an aid for its development.

scholarly journals Free and Open Source Tools for Volunteer Geographic Information and Geo-Crowdsourcing

Crowdsourcing ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 838-863
Author(s):  
Maria Antonia Brovelli ◽  
Blagoj Delipetrev ◽  
Giorgio Zamboni
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Volunteer Geographic Information ◽  
The World ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Gis Software

The availability of new mobile devices (tablets and smartphones) equipped with many sensors is changing or, better, enriching the way we monitor and sense the world that surrounds us. The internet has permeated completely not only our scientific and technological development, but also our life. Only some years ago, we used geospatial data and GIS software installed within our computers. Nowadays, data and operators are provided via the net by means of distributed and shared geo-services and a simple and powerless mobile device is enough to connect them. The possibility of interaction has become not only faster and more user friendly but also active, being individuals and communities free of adding, deleting, and changing contents in real time in the new GeoWeb2.0. This chapter explores GeoWeb2.0.

scholarly journals "You can never be on one side alone": Some Young Somali-Kiwi Women's Narratives about Identity, Resettlement and Community Development in Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Emily Kathryn James
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Somali Women ◽  
The Government

<p>This research investigates how young Somali women are navigating through the resettlement process while negotiating their own identities in Wellington, New Zealand. It is important as it addresses two main research gaps: 1) it focuses on research with young Somali women at university and 2) it offers a strength-based analysis. The research also addresses important development concerns about how former refugees can better contribute into their host societies. Employing the use of participatory methods within a feminist qualitative methodology, I created a project that enabled the young women to voice their opinions regarding identity construction, cultural maintenance and their goals for the future.  I conducted approximately 150 hours of ethnographic research at organisations that catered to former refugee needs. I found a young female Somali student who worked as my Cultural Advisor and enhanced my credibility and access within the Somali community. I then conducted a focus group and five individual interviews with young Somali women to hear their narratives about their resettlement experience and their advice on how to improve the process for others. I conducted five interviews with key informants at organisations that provide support services for former refugees. The key informants gave the policy perspective on refugee resettlement as well as advice on how support services and the government can approve the transition for former refugees.  The results of this study revealed that the young women did feel tension at times negotiating their Somali culture and that of their host society but found benefits in both. The importance of the family resettling successfully was vital for the young women especially the wellbeing of their mothers and other female elders. The key informants echoed these sentiments and voiced the necessity for more women-focused support services. The young women also will be facing a second resettlement process through their emigration to Australia as they search for more job opportunities and a better Somali cultural connection.</p>

scholarly journals ERAS OF WEB MAPPING DEVELOPMENTS: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Veenendaal
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Web Mapping ◽  
Web Map ◽  
The Past

Developments in web mapping and web based geographic information systems (GIS) have evolved rapidly over the past two decades. What began as online map images available to a small group of geospatial experts and professionals has developed to a comprehensive and interactive web map based on integrated information from multiple sources and manipulated by masses of users globally. This paper introduces a framework that outlines the eras of web mapping and significant developments among those eras. From this framework, some of the influences and trends can be determined, particularly those in relation to the development of technologies and their relation to the growth in the number and diversity of users and applications that utilise web mapping and geospatial information online.

Digitisation of Indigenous Cultural Objects: An Investigation into the Policy and Protocols for Digitised Indigenous Knowledge in selected Cultural Heritage Organisations in Australia and New Zealand.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kirsten Donna Francis
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Digital Collections ◽  
International Pressure ◽  
Theoretical Finding ◽  
Digital Collection

<p>This research project investigates the digital collections from selected heritage organisations, exploring how/if the rights of indigenous peoples are being protected by policy and protocol documents on the World Wide Web. It purposively surveys selected heritage collections across Australia and New Zealand and explores digital collection policies at local and national level, investigating the extent of international pressure, socio-cultural influences, and legislative constraints. This research project uses qualitative methodology in an interpretive way, using the hermeneutic circle and method for the collation for data and analysis. The major theoretical finding of this research project is that many cultural heritage organisations attempt to bridge the gap between Anglo-American development of legislation and indigenous intellectual property rights by the inclusion of specific policy measures becoming in effect socio-cultural agents for change</p>

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