scholarly journals Impact of Leverage and Risk Exposure on Financial Performance in SMEs of Northern Punjab

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Javed Iqbal ◽  
Moeed Ahmad Sandhu ◽  
Zubair Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Hamza Javed ◽  
Waris Ali
Keyword(s):  
Control Variable ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Commercial Sector ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Basic Objective ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collection Methods

Basic objective of this research was to discover the impact of Leverage on Risk and Profitability. For this purpose main focus of research was SMEs and Commercial sector of Pakistan. Leverage has three types DOL, DFL and DTL. And these three types of leverage are independent variables for this research while dependent variables of this research are ROE, ROA, ROS, GM and Risk. Further sales growth is also used as control variable in this research. Time frame for data analysis was 3 years from 2012 to 2014. Sample size for this research is 61 SMEs and Commercial sector organizations. Secondary data was used in this research and data was collected by using different data collection methods. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze data. Linear regression analyses were used to check the significant relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. This research is limited to just SMEs and Commercial sector organization so we cannot use these results for overall industry or sectors. This research is entirely new research for SMEs and Commercial sector organizations.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PROGRAM UPAYA KHUSUS TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS, BIAYA POKOK PRODUKSI DAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KEDELAI DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Fajar Setya Dharma ◽  
Agus Hudoyo ◽  
Achdiansyah Soelaiman
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Production Standard ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Standard Cost ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to analyze the impact of the Upsus program on those three variables. The sample of this study were chosen by the simple random sampling method. The total respondents were 66 farmers of soybean from two districts in three villages for each district. They were interviewed for their farm budget in dry season2014 for non-upsus and dry season 2018 for Upsus. Therefore, the total observations were 132. There are three dependent variables, i.e. yield, production standard cost (HPP), and profit. The independent variables were Upsus and location as a control variable. Data were analyzed by the multiple linear regression model. The results of this study revealed that the Upsus program had statiscally significant (α= 1%) impact on increasing the yield, decreasing the production standard cost, and increasing the profit of the soybean farming. Its yield increased 16%, i.e. from 1.35 ton/ha to 1.57 ton/ha. Its production standard cost decreased 19%, i.e. from IDR4.690/kg to IDR3,820/kg.  Its profit increased 57%, i.e. from IDR3.21 million/ha to IDR5.05 million/ha.Key words: cost, production, profit, soybean, yield

scholarly journals The Impact of Going Public Decision on Company Performance: Evidence from Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 156-165
Author(s):  
Ihtesham Khan ◽  
Sikandar Shah ◽  
Wisal Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Return On Sales ◽  
The Impact

This study inspected the association of company performance with the choice of IPO of the firm's registered on the Pakistan Stock Exchange. In particular, two dimensions of performance, Return on Sales and Return on Asset as operating and Tobbin Q as Market performance as dependent variables, Bank debts, Capital Expenditure, Ownership Concentration, Sales Growth and Firm Size as independent variables along with the age of the firm as control variable have been used. Sample of 40 Pakistani IPOstaken for the period of 2005-2016. OLS inferences confirmed that the performance of both pre-IPO and Post-IPO show an influential association with the independent variables. This study provided a path to smaller firms that are in the process to go public. Whereas glimpses for the investors also provided who want to add profitable securities to their portfolio bucket.

scholarly journals Changes in Incisor Third-Order Inclination Resulting from Vertical Variation in Lingual Bracket Placement

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Knösel ◽  
Klaus Jung ◽  
Liliam Gripp-Rudolph ◽  
Thomas Attin ◽  
Rengin Attin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Occlusal Plane ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Vertical Variation ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Incisor Inclination ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: To test the null hypothesis that third-order measurements are not correlated to lingual incisor features seen on radiographs. Material and Methods: The lateral headfilms of 38 untreated, norm-occlusion subjects without incisor abrasions or restorations were used for third-order measurements of upper and lower central incisors and assessment of the inclination of four sites suitable for lingual bracket placement with reference to the occlusal plane perpendicular. Lingual sections were determined by the tangents at the incisal fossa (S1), at the transition plateau between incisal fossa and the cingulum (S2), by a constructed line reaching from the incisal tip to the cingulum (S3), and by a tangent at the cingulum convexity (S4). Third-order angles were also assessed on corresponding dental casts using an incisor inclination gauge. Regression analysis was performed using the third-order measurements of both methods as the dependent variables and the inclination of the lingual enamel sections (S1, S2, S3, S4) as the independent variables. Results: The null hypothesis was rejected. For the most common bracket application sites located on the lingual shovel (S1 and S2), third-order inclination changes of 0.4–0.7 degrees are expected for each degree of change in the inclination of the lingual surface. The impact of bracket placement errors on third-order angulation is similar between sections S1 and S2 and the cingulum convexity (S4). Section S3 proved to be least affected by interindividual variation. Conclusion: The third-order measurements are correlated to lingual incisor features. Accordingly, third-order changes resulting from variation in lingual bracket placement can be individually predicted from radiographic assessments.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Effect of Board of Commissioners’ Characteristics, Managerial Ownership, and Financial Performance on Financial Risk Disclosure

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syafwan Hady
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Risk Disclosure ◽  
Independent Variables

<p>This study aims to examine the role of the board of commissioners’ characteristics, managerial ownership, and financial performance on financial risk disclosure. The target population of this study was sharia banks registered in the Indonesian banking directory in 2012-2016. This study used secondary data in the form of annual financial statements obtained from the source sites of each bank. Using purposive sampling, 11 sharia banks in Indonesia were selected as the appropriate sample. This study employed a scoring technique to measure the level of financial risk disclosure. The results show that the independent variables including the board of commissioners size, independent board of commissioners proportion, profitability, and size as the control variable significantly influenced the variable of FRD. However, the variable of CAR, FDR, and managerial ownership had no effect on financial risk disclosure. The result of F test showed that independent variables included in the regression model simultaneously affected the dependent variable.</p>

scholarly journals PENGARUH REVIU RKA-K/L OLEH APIP TERHADAP EFISIENSI ALOKASI ANGGARAN KEMENTERIAN AGAMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Edy Effendi ◽  
Muhammad Imron
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Research on the role of the APIP review of the Ministry/agency Work Plan and Budget document to determine the impact on the efficiency of ministry/agency spending (case study at the Ministry of Religion). The method used in this study uses simple linear regression with dummy. The use of linear regression is used to examine the relationship between independent variables (certain types of expenditure) and dependent variables (total expenditure). Whereas, dummy is used to find out before and after the APIP review is done. Throughout the author's search, this research has never been done. Based on the results of linear regression obtained, the APIP review significantly had a positive effect on official travel expenditure and honorarium but did not significantly affect building spending and equipment. Abstrak   Penelitian atas peran reviu APIP atas dokumen Rencana Kerja dan Anggaran Kementerian Negara/Lembaga untuk mengetahui dampaknya terhadap efisiensi belanja kementerian/lembaga (studi kasus pada Kementerian Agama). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan regresi linier sederhana dengan dummy. Penggunaan regresi liner digunakan untuk meneliti hubungan antara variable independen (jenis belanja tertentu) dan variable dependen (total belanja). Sedangkan, dummy digunakan untuk mengetahui sebelum dan setelah reviu APIP dilakukan. Sepanjang penelusuran penulis, penelitian ini belum pernah dilakukan. Berdasarkan hasil regresi linier diperoleh, reviu APIP signifikan berpengaruh positif terhadap  belanja perjalanan dinas dan honorarium tetapi tidak signifikan berbengaruh terhadap belanja gedung dan alat.

scholarly journals Importance of Corporate Governance: Evidence from Kosovo’s Banking Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-32
Author(s):  
Esat A. Durguti ◽  
◽  
Nexhat Kryeziu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Net Interest Margin ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Impact

This study identifies and assesses the impact and effect of corporate governance (CG), as a good practice mechanism, as well as some specific financial indicators on the performance of the banking sector in Kosovo. The data used in the research are defined as secondary data that include nine (9) commercial banks and cover the period 2013–2020. The analysis applied to data processing is the dynamic approach through 2SLS estimation for the dependent variables ROA, ROE, and NIM. The results obtained at the end of the study show that all variables applied in this research, depending on the variable defined for evaluation, have a significant impact on the performance of the banking sector. The results also show that the most adequate measure for assessing a bank’s performance is the net interest margin (NIM). This research paves the way for debate and discussion on the governing structures of financial institutions and policymakers.

scholarly journals MOTIVES, OBSESSION WITH DEATH AND BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS IN DARK TOURISM

TEME ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Darko Dimitrovski ◽  
Maja Luković ◽  
Vladimir Senić
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Dark Tourism ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Historic Significance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Moderator ◽  
Significant Moderator

Dark tourism varies in form from other types of tourism in that it involves visiting tragic sites or sites where death of historic significance occurred. This study explores the influence of the main motivators on behavioral intentions of those visiting dark tourism events by examining the impact of learning, socialization, relaxation and escape, emotional response and novelty on behavioral intentions, whilst variable death obsession is set as potential moderator of interdependence between independent variables and dependent variables. The findings suggest that learning, emotional response and novelty have a statistically significant impact on behavioral intentions, while death obsession is not seen as significant moderator. Purpose of research was to determine if death obsession as psychological trait have any influence on relation between motivation and behavioral intention in dark tourism event context.

scholarly journals Analysis of GDP using the n-variable Regression Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
Krishna Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Anjay Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Gross Domestic Product(GDP) depends on Agriculture, Service, and industry performance. The main aim of the study is to assess the relationship between dependent variable GDP and Independent variables agriculture, industry, and service sector by using the n-variable Regression Model at initial condition. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is an application of the n-variable Regression Model at the initial condition to analyze the situation of GDP along with reasons not becoming zero GDP even after using the initial condition. The secondary data of the GDP of Nepal from the Central Bureau of Statistics of 10 years till 2019/20 has been analyzed. By finding cofactors of correlation coefficient matrix, Mean and standard deviation of the individual data to establish the linear relationship between dependent and independent variable. Findings/Result: Under initial conditions, if all the independent variables zero, the GDP is −751028.431 billion, negative sign shows that GDP decreases highly if the entire major factor has no role in GDP. It is non-zero GDP. It means in the 11th year the stated amount will be expended from the previous year saving for forex to import which will not be possible in a sustainable economy. It will not be possible in real conditions however it may be hypothetical possible either because of the impact of informal economy or disinvestment or negative net exports. It is significant for forecasting the future GDP of a country effectively assuming different conditions for policy formulation. Originality/Value: It is the first empirical research using the n-variable Regression Model for GDP Analysis. Paper Type: Analytical Policy Research

scholarly journals A Study on Sectorial Contribution of GDP in India from 2010 to 2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
G. Sabitha
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Mining Sector ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
The Impact

Aims: The GDP growth of Indian Economy had touched the six year low in the first financial quarter of April-June 2020. It touched 5.8% growth in January-March, although in nominal terms India’s GDP grew by 7.99% which is also lowest. This paper amid at studying the impact on key sectors bearing the brunt of Indian Economy slowdown is Agriculture, Automobile, Real Estate, and FMCG among others.  Study Design: Secondary data is used for the present study. The dependent variable in the study is GDP components and sectors are considered independent variables. Place and Duration of Study: The data has been collected for the period 2015 to 2019. Data is related to contribution of sectors to Indian GDP is considered. Methodology: GDP is measured by a number of components but in this study only Agriculture, Manufacturing, Construction, Mining, Public Administration and Utilities sectors, were selected as major components for the period selected for the study. Correlation and Multiple regressions have been used to analyze the collected data. Results: Coefficient of agriculture parameter tells dependability of agriculture sector on GDP. Simultaneously manufacturing, public administration and utilities have positively dependability on GDP. Whereas mining sector that tells about no dependability of mining sector on GDP. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between correlation values of agriculture, construction, manufacturing, mining, public administration and utilities with GDP. So, null hypothesis has been rejected.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Saham Syariah dan Sukuk yang Terdaftar di JII Terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Indonesia Tahun 2015-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Rissa Lizah Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Islamic Economic

<p>The background of this research is a phenomenm of Islamic economic financial which is the instrument of bursary effect. It focuses on the grow sharia stock and sukuk that leads to product domestic bruto (PDB) of certain contry. In this research sharia stock and sukuk as independent variables and product domestic bruto (PDB) as dependent variables. The object of this research is a secondary data from panel data of sharia stock and sukuk from 2015 to 2019. A quantitative method with association approach was chosen as the method of this research and also used doubled linear regression with Eviews 11 programme. The results showed that the sharia stock variables has sig value equal to 0,2409 (p&gt;0,05) in partially, and it mean that it does not affect to the product domestic bruto (PDB) variables. Meanwhile the sukuk variables has sig value equal to 0,000 (p&lt;0,05), and it affect the product domestic bruto (PDB) variables. And in the simultaneously results showed if sharia stock and sukuk variable have sig value equal to 0,000 (p&lt;0,05), it mean affectd the product domestic bruto (PDB) variables. Furthermore through the R Square test (R2), sharia stock and sukuk variables affect 91% of the product domestic bruto (PDB) variables and is 9% affected by other variables that does not included in this research.</p>

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