The effect of temperature on the tissue dissolution capacity of 10% calcium hypochlorite solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Kiran Kumar N ◽  
Biji Brigit K ◽  
Savitha B Naik ◽  
Seema Merwade
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Calcium Hypochlorite ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Bonferroni Test

BACKGROUND: The cytotoxicity of Sodium hypochlorite has always been a concern when used as an endodontic irrigant. Quest for an equally effective, but less toxic substitute has led to researches on Calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2 ) solutions. But it has been proven that 10% Calcium hypochlorite solution at room temperature (250 C) demonstrated slower rate of tissue dissolution than Sodium hypochlorite. Aim: This study was performed to assess if preheating enhanced the tissue dissolution capacity of 10% Ca(ClO)2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human pulp tissue was obtained from freshly extracted single rooted mandibular premolars. The tissue weight was standardized to 9.5mg. The test groups consisted of freshly prepared Ca(ClO)2 solutions at room temperature (250 C), 450 C and 600 C. Ten specimens were assigned to each group with each specimen immersed in 2ml of the test solution. Five specimens immersed in normal saline made the control group. Every five minutes the tissue was retrieved, blotted dry, weighed and immersed back in fresh 2 ml of solution. This was continued for 60 minutes or till complete dissolution. The percentage difference in weight at each interval was calculated. The values obtained were statistically analyzed using one –way ANOVA. Intergroup comparison at different time intervals was done using Bonferroni test. RESULTS: Ca(ClO)2 solution at 600 C dissolved the tissue significantly faster than other solutions. The tissue dissolution rate of solution at 450 C was greater than that at 250 C. (P< 0.05) CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that preheating 10% Ca(ClO)2 solution significantly enhanced its tissue dissolution capacity.

scholarly journals RELATIVE IRRITANT PROPERTIES OF THE CHLORINE GROUP OF ANTISEPTICS

1918 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-699
Author(s):  
Glenn E. Cullen ◽  
Herbert D. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Calcium Hypochlorite ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Carbonate Buffer ◽  
End Point ◽  
Cent Sodium ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Irritant Action

1. The use of the ears of rabbits is proposed in testing the irritant effect of antiseptics. 2. It is necessary, because of individual variations, to use solutions having definite irritant actions as controls. 3. 0.5 per cent sodium hypochlorite solutions have minimum irritant effects over a range of alkalinity of from about 100 to 1,000 times that of water (pH about 9 to 10). Solutions may be adjusted within these limits by use of the end-points of powdered phenolphthalein, of alcoholic solutions of either o-cresolphthalein or phenolphthalein. 4. Sodium hypochlorite solutions kept within the above range of alkalinity by either borate or carbonate buffer salts, i.e. Dakin's solution, show the same irritative properties whether made from bleaching powder and sodium carbonate, or from chlorine and sodium carbonate. 5. Electrolytically prepared solutions of the same concentration have similar irritant action. 6. Solutions, however, that have an alkalinity less than that indicated by the end-point of alcoholic phenolphthalein solutions (pH of 8.5 to 8.8) or greater than that indicated by the end-point to powdered phenolphthalein (pH of 10.2) are intensely irritating. 7. 0.5 per cent sodium hypochlorite solution from which most of the calcium has been precipitated and calcium hypochlorite solution of equivalent hypochlorite concentration are only slightly irritating. 8. 2 per cent chloramine-T solution has no irritant action. 9. 5 per cent dichloramine-T in chlorcosane and chlorcosane alone irritate rabbit ears to a slight degree only.

scholarly journals IMBIBITION EFFECT OF IMMERSION HYDROCOLLOID IRREVERSIBLE ALGINATE IN SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTIO

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Siti Coryniken ◽  
Didin Kustantiningtyastuti ◽  
Afriwardi Afriwardi
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Impression Material ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Calculation ◽  
Disinfectant Solution

materials have character that absorb water it is imbibition that can affect the dimensional stability when immersed in disinfectant . The purpose of this study is to see the effect of imbibition at alginate impression material immersed in a disinfectant solution of Sodium Hypochlorite .The method used was experimental with pretest and posttest with control group design . The mold were diameter of 28 mm and height 18 mm .the impression were immersed in sodium hypochlorite 0.5 % and 1 % for 3 minutes , 5 minutes and 10 minutes . Imbibition weight calculation is done by using digital scales.The results showed that the presence of imbibition on impression material alginate that immersed in Sodium Hypochlorite solution for 3 minutes , 5 minutes and 10 minutes . Statistical Test Two Way Repeated Measure ANOVA showed a significant difference ( p< 0.05 ) in minutes imbibition , while the concentration of the solution had a significant difference ( p > 0.05 ) .The conclusion of this study is the alginate impression material has the effect of imbibition to immersion Sodium Hypochlorite solution. Keywords : hydrocolloid Alginate , Sodium Hypochlorite , imbibition effects , immersio

scholarly journals The Discoloration of Heat Cured Resin Acrylic Base After Immersed in Disinfectant Solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Sintha - Nugrahini
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Acrylic Plate

Acrylic resin dentures are a type of denture that is often used. At present the use of disinfectants to clean dentures from microorganisms, such as sodium hypochlorite and green betle leaves. Sodium hypochlorite contains chlorine, and green betle leaf extract contains tannins that containable to provide color changes in artificial teeth. The purpose of this study was to study the change in color on the hot polymerization acrylic plate after soaking with sodium hypochlorite solution and green betle leaf extract (Piper betle Linn). This study was a pre-post test control group design, the sample was heat-cured resin acrylic base plate and divided into 3 treatment groups: a group immersed in sodium hypochlorite, extract of green betel leaf and control group with aquades. The discoloration measurement was using Spectrophotometer. The sample was immersed for 15 days. Data were analyzed by paired T-test, followed by One way Anova and LSD. The results showed that there were significant color changes in the 2 treatment groups, while the control group was not significant. The mean of discoloration after immersion with Sodium Hypochlorite was 0.668 + 0.018, green betle leaf extract 30% was 0.625 + 0.024, and aquades was 0.534 + 0.0224. Color changes on heat-cured resin acrylic base plate occur by the presence of chlorine in sodium hypochlorite and tannin contained in the green betel leaf extract. This research concluded that immersion of heat-cured resin acrylic plate in sodium hypochlorite solution and 30% betle leaf extract may cause discoloration.  

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN STABILITAS DIMENSI ANTARA CETAKAN ALGINAT YANG DISEMPROT DENGAN LARUTAN NATRIUM HIPOKLORIT 0,5% DAN DETTOL 5%

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Wira Putri Winata ◽  
Kuswardani Susari Putri ◽  
Febrian Febrian
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Impression Materials ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Difference

The impression materials that most commonly used in dentistry was alginate. Factors that must be considered was the controlled of infection transmission from alginate, it was important to do disinfection using a disinfectant solution. Alginate had imbibition properties, so that disinfection by spraying technique allowed the expansion of alginate affecting the dimensional stability of impressions. The purpose of this research was to determine the difference between the dimensional stability of alginate impression were sprayed with a solution of sodium hypochlorite 0,5% and Dettol® 5%.  The method used was an experimental laboratory with post test only control group design. 27 samples were divided into 3 groups: spraying with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution, spraying with 5% Dettol® solution, and spraying with aquades as a controlled. Alginate impressions were sprayed with 0,5% sodium hypochlorite solution, Dettol® 5%, and aquades then filled with gypsum, and then measured dimensional stability by using micrometer screw. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test.  The results showed that differences between the dimensional stability of alginate impressions were sprayed with a solution of sodium hypochlorite 0.5% and 5% Dettol® was not significant (p> 0,05).  The conclusion of this research was there was no significant difference between the alginate impressions were sprayed with a solution of sodium hypochlorite 0,5% and Dettol® 5% to dimensional stability. Keywords : dimensional stability, alginate, sprayed, sodium hypochlorite, Dettol®

scholarly journals Effect of alteration in organic material of the occlusal caries on DIAGNOdent readings

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausto Medeiros Mendes ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro ◽  
Antonio Lucindo Bengtson
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Laser Fluorescence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Carious Lesions

DIAGNOdent is a laser fluorescence device used for dental caries diagnosis in occlusal and smooth surfaces. Despite the promising preliminary results, the molecules involved in the increase of fluorescence in carious lesions remain unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the laser fluorescence readings before and after changes in the organic material of occlusal carious lesions in primary teeth. Twenty-four primary molars stored in saline solution with at least one site with occlusal caries were divided into two groups. The control group had 17 sites with caries and the experimental one had 16 sites. The carious lesions were measured with laser fluorescence. The experimental samples were then removed from the storage solution and immersed in a 2% sodium hypochlorite solution for 24 hours. After washing with water, the teeth were measured again with the laser fluorescence device. The teeth of the control group were submitted to the same procedures, but saline solution was used instead of the sodium hypochlorite solution. A statistically significant reduction in the mean of the readings after immersion in the two tested solutions compared with the initial readings was observed in both groups, but the decrease was statistically higher in the experimental group (p < 0.0001). In this study, the data indicate that changes in the fluorescence of carious lesions measured by the laser fluorescence are mainly due to the organic content alterations rather than to the mineral loss.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Actual Chlorine Concentration and the Required Time for Pulp Dissolution Using Different Naocl Irrigating Solutions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Iandolo ◽  
Alberto Dagna ◽  
Riccardo Beltrami ◽  
Claudio Poggio ◽  
Mariano Malvano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complete Dissolution ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Pulp Sample ◽  
Plastic Containers

INTRODUCTION The goal of root canal treatment is to shape and clean the endodontic space, reducing the bacterial load and removing the pulp tissue. Obviously, the action of the endodontic instruments is limited to the main canals, regardless of the complexity of the endodontic space. Consequently, finding the best possible cleaning technique, which can be obtained chemically using irrigation solutions, is a fundamental aid in the endodontic therapy. One of the most commonly used root canal irrigant is sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), available in various commercial formulations. The effectiveness of NaOCl is undeniable. However, the action of dissolution of the pulp tissue is merely dependent on the concentration and the characteristics of the irrigant itself. AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate the effective concentration of different commercial formulas of sodium hypochlorite, by evaluating the percentage of total chlorine in each product. The dissolution capacity of the pulp tissue of each of the tested products was then analyzed by measuring the required time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three commercial types of sodium hypochlorite were selected for this study: 5% NaOCl (ACE, Procter &amp; Gamble), 5% NaOCl (N5, Simit Dental) and 6% NaOCl (CanalPro, Coltene). For each product, 10 packages were used, from which samples of the product were taken and 30 x 5 ml tubes were filled. All samples were divided into 3 groups and were analyzed using the DIN EN ISO 7393-2 method and the percentage of total chlorine (expressed as a percentage) was calculated. 40 samples of vital pulp were obtained from teeth freshly extracted for periodontal reasons and stored in physiological solution. In order to unify the size and weight of the samples (0.0001 mg), a microtome and a precision balance (Pro Explorer Ohaus) were used. Each sample, carefully examined by stereomicroscope (40x), was placed in artificial plastic containers and submerged in 0.1 ml of irrigating solution at room temperature (26 &deg; C). A fourth control group used saline solution as irrigant. Simultaneously with the insertion of the irrigating solution, a digital stopwatch was activated and the time necessary for the complete dissolution of the pulp sample was measured. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS The average percentages of chlorine detected for each group were: 4.26% (ACE), 5.16% (N5) and 5.97% (CanalPro). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed statistically significant differences between the different commercial formulations of hypochlorite (P &lt;0.05). CanalPro showed the lowest values, while ACE showed the highest values of dissolution time of the pulp. DISCUSSION The analysis of the total chlorine percentage found that the actual concentration of the sodium hypochlorite in the samples is close to the values declared by the manufacturers both in the case of N5 and CanalPro. On the contrary, the concentration detected in the samples of common bench bleach (ACE) is significantly lower, which has average values less than 5%. This explains the longer time taken for the complete dissolution of the pulp tissue. The average dissolution time of the pulp samples was in fact inversely proportional to the concentration detected in the tested irrigants, so that a lower time corresponds to a higher concentration.

scholarly journals Pulp Tissue Dissolution Capacity of Sodium Hypochlorite Combined with Cetrimide and Polypropylene Glycol

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Helena Silva de Almeida ◽  
Natália Gomes e Silva Leonardo ◽  
Ana Paula Neutzling Gomes ◽  
Luciano Giardino ◽  
Erick Miranda Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Polypropylene Glycol ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Concentration Of Solutions ◽  
Univariate Anova

This study evaluated the influence of the addition of cetrimide and polypropylene glycol to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on its capacity to dissolve pulp tissue. Bovine pulp fragments with standardized weight and volume were immersed for 5, 15 and 30 min in 2 mL of NaOCl and Hypoclean (NaOCl added with cetrimide and polypropylene glycol) solutions at 5.25%, 2.5%, 1%, 0.5% and 0.25% and afterwards re-weighted. Distilled water was used as a control. The percentage of tissue loss was considered for statistical analysis (univariate ANOVA, SPSS, v. 17.0) at 5% significance level. There was no tissue dissolution in the control group. NaOCl added with surfactants (Hypoclean) dissolved more pulp tissue (p<0.05) than NaOCl alone. Tissue dissolution was directly dependent on the concentration of solutions (p<0.05), and also on the time range (p<0.05). The combination of NaOCl at high and low concentrations with the surfactants cetrimide and polypropylene glycol increased significantly its capacity to dissolve pulp tissue.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Tensile Strength in Die Stone Incorporated with Sodium and Calcium Hypochlorite as Disinfectants: An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1185-1189
Author(s):  
MR Pradeep ◽  
NR Pramodh ◽  
Ravi Naik ◽  
CS Mahesh ◽  
Manju R Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Calcium Hypochlorite ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Die Material

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the tensile strength of die stone incorporated with sodium and calcium hypochlorite as disinfectants. Materials and methods Two commercially available type IV die stone (Kalrock: Kalabhai Karson Pvt., Ltd and Pearlstone: Asian Chemicals) and two commercially available disinfectant solutions (sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite: Beachem Laboratory Chemical Private Limited, Chennai and Leo Chem Private Limited, Bengaluru) were used in this study, and the tensile strength was measured using Lloyd's Universal Testing Machine. Results The results show that incorporating the disinfecting solutions decreases the tensile strength of both products. The effect of decreasing tensile strength on type IV gypsum product is seen more in calcium hypochlorite when compared with sodium hypochlorite disinfecting solution, and the tensile strength of Kalrock specimens is higher than Pearlstone specimens after disinfecting with sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite solution. The statistical results also show significant results in all the groups when compared with the control group. Conclusion The incorporation of sodium and calcium hypochlorite disinfecting solutions is not an encouraging method for both die materials as it reduces the tensile strength of type IV gypsum product. Tensile strength of Kalstone® die material is superior than Pearlstone® die material after mixing with sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite. Clinical significance According to the recommendations of Americans with Disability Act (ADA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, disinfecting the whole cast without or minimal changes in physical and mechanical properties was the motto of the study. The tensile strength in type IV gypsum product plays a most important role in retrieval of cast from impression, especially in narrow tooth preparation. This study reveals that incorporating method of disinfecting solutions is not recommended as it reduces the tensile strength. How to cite this article Pramodh NR, Kumar CNV, Pradeep MR, Naik R, Mahesh CS, Kumari MR. Comparative Evaluation of Tensile Strength in Die Stone Incorporated with Sodium and Calcium Hypochlorite as Disinfectants: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(12):1185-1189.

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