scholarly journals Microbiology of wound infection after caesarean section in a Jordanian hospital

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1068-1074
Author(s):  
N. M. Kaplan ◽  
A. A. Smadi ◽  
M. I. Al Taani ◽  
M. A. El Qudah
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Surgical Wounds ◽  
Infected Wounds ◽  
Culture Positive

To determine the microbiology of wound infection following caesarean section and to evaluate the use of Gram stain for the predicton of subsequent microbiological culture results, 1319 surgical wounds were followed up. We did Gram stains and cultures on exudates from open wounds and on aspirates if the wounds had demonstrable fluid collection. Incidence of post-caesarean wound infection was 8.1%. Ninety-three [86.9%] of 107 infected wounds were culture positive, with Staphylococcus aureus the most frequently found organism [42%]. Organisms seen by Gram stain yielded a sensitivity of 96.6%, specificity of 88.9%, positive predictive value of 97.7% and negative predictive value of 84.2% when used to predict positive culture results for bacterial wound infection

scholarly journals Bacteria Sensitivity Pattern of Caesarean Section Wound on Selected Antibiotics in Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Nurhafizah Rafiani ◽  
Renny Aditya ◽  
Noor Muthmainah
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surgical Wounds ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Bacterial Sensitivity

Abstract: A cesarean delivery increases the risk of wound infection it should be prevented by using antibiotics. This study was to determine the pattern of bacterial sensitivity in surgical wounds of cesarean section patients for selected antibiotics, i.e ceftriaxone, cefixime, sulbactam ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin and gentamicin.This observational study was conducted at the Ulin Public Hospital in Banjarmasin from July to September 2019. Using a cross sectional approach Samples of bacteria were identidied from 36 that were pusposively sampled, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test showed that Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive against gentamicin (100%),whereas Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. Were intermediately sensitive towards gentamicin (62.5%) and ceftriaxone (80%) Keywords: Antibiotic susceptibility, caesarean section, surgical wound

scholarly journals Outcome of the patients with post-operative cluster endophthalmitis referred to a tertiary level eye care center in Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Pragati Gautam ◽  
SN Joshi ◽  
M Thapa ◽  
AK Sharma ◽  
DN Shah
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Intravitreal Injection ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction: The causative organism and treatment outcomes of post operative endophthalmitis may vary depending on several factors. Objective: To find out the causative organisms and visual outcome after an outbreak of post-operative endophthalmitis. Materials and methods: An interventional prospective series of cases of clinically suspected endophthalmitis was studied. Eleven patients who presented within 48 hours after manual cataract surgery on the same day, by a one surgeon in a single center were enrolled in the study. They underwent both anterior chamber and vitreous aspiration and all of them received intravitreal Vancomycin, Amikacin and Dexamethasone. Samples were subjected to microbiological evaluation. All patients were followed up till 8 weeks for clinical and visual outcome. Results: Of the 11 eyes of suspected endopthalmitis, only one vitreous aspiration showed Gram negative bacilli on Gram stain and 3 vitreous aspirates showed Gram positive cocci. Of the 11 eyes, 3(42.85%) had culture positive on vitreous aspirate. In 2 cases E Coli was isolated and in 1 Staphylococcus aureus was isolated. After 48 hours of intravitreal injection, 10 out of 11 eyes improved and in one, intravitreal injection of vancomycin, amikacin and dexamethasone was repeated. The best corrected visual acuity of 6/9 was achieved in 2 patients, 5 had 6/18, 2 had 6/60 and 2 had 5/60 at the end of eight weeks. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus and E coli can cause endophthalmitis immediately on the first day post-operatively. Clinically suspected endophthalmitis treated with antibiotics and steroid intravitreal injection can result in better visual outcome. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(10): 235-241 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i2.8735

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Risk and Outcome of Colonized vs. Infected Patients

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenice N. Longfield ◽  
Timothy R. Townsend ◽  
David F. Cruess ◽  
Maureen Stephens ◽  
Catherine Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Wound Debridement ◽  
Surgical Wounds ◽  
History Of ◽  
Culture Positive

AbstractA retrospective study of 204 patients culture positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus compared infected and colonized patients. Seventy-eight patients were colonized and never developed infection (C), 24 were colonized and subsequently infected (C➧I), and 102 patients had 1 or more nosocomial infections with MRSA at time of first culture (I). The most prevalent sites of infection were wound (26.5%) and bloodstream (20.7%), whereas the respiratory tract and surgical wounds were both frequent sites of colonization. Stepwise discriminant analysis found the most important factors in differentiating likelihood of colonization vs. infection were recent prior hospitalization, history of wound debridement, and number of invasive procedures. Ten percent of (C) died and 25.5% of (I) died. MRSA contributed to death in 57.6% of the (I) deaths (p<.05). These results underscore the importance of differentiating (C) vs. (I) in hospitals where MRSA is endemic so that early specific treatment may be initiated. Risk factors for infection should be discriminated from those for acquisition of the organism.

scholarly journals Nosocomial Infections in Burned Patients in Motahari Hospital, Tehran, Iran

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Azimi ◽  
Abbas Motevallian ◽  
Amirmorteza Ebrahimzadeh Namvar ◽  
Babak Asghari ◽  
Abdolaziz Rastegar Lari
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Culture Positive

Burn patients are at high risk of developing nosocomial infection because of their destroyed skin barrier and suppressed immune system, compounded by prolonged hospitalization and invasive therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. Studies on nosocomial infection in burn patients are not well described. The objective of the present study was to identify the causative bacterial of nosocomial infection and to determine the incidence of nosocomial infection and their changing during hospitalization in burned patients admitted to in the Motahari Hospital, Tehran, Iran. During the second part of 2010, 164 patients were included in this study. Samples were taken the first 48 hours and the fourth week after admission to Motahari Burn hospital. Isolation and identification of microorganisms was performed using the standard procedure. Of the 164 patients, 717 samples were taken and 812 bacteria were identified, 610 patients were culture positive on day 7 while 24 (17.2%) on 14 days after admission. The bacteria causing infections were 325Pseudomonas, 140Acinetobacter, 132 Staphylococcus aureus, and 215 others. The percentage of mortality was 12%. All of patients had at least 1 positive culture withPseudomonasand/or withAcinetobacter. Hospitals suggest continuous observationof burn infections and increase strategies for antimicrobial resistance control and treatment of infectious complications.

Predictive Ability of Positive Clinical Culture Results and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, to Identify and Classify Noninvasive Staphylococcus aureus Infections: A Validation Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (07) ◽  
pp. 694-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
LaRee A. Tracy ◽  
Jon P. Furuno ◽  
Anthony D. Harris ◽  
Mary Singer ◽  
Patricia Langenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Clinical Culture ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Definition Of

Objective.To develop and validate an algorithm to identify and classify noninvasive infections due toStaphylococcus aureusby using positive clinical culture results and administrative data.Design.Retrospective cohort study.Setting.Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System.Methods.Data were collected retrospectively on allS. aureusclinical culture results from samples obtained from nonsterile body sites during October 1998 through September 2008 and associated administrative claims records. An algorithm was developed to identify noninvasive infections on the basis of a uniqueS. aureus-positive culture result from a nonsterile site sample with a matchingInternational Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9-CM), code for infection at time of sampling. Medical records of a subset of cases were reviewed to find the proportion of true noninvasive infections (cases that met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network [NHSN] definition of infection). Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for all infections and according to body site of infection.Results.We identified 4,621 uniqueS. aureus-positive culture results, of which 2,816 (60.9%) results met our algorithm definition of noninvasiveS. aureusinfection and 1,805 (39.1%) results lacked a matchingICD-9-CMcode. Among 96 cases that met our algorithm criteria for noninvasiveS. aureusinfection, 76 also met the NHSN criteria (PPV, 79.2% [95% confidence interval, 70.0%–86.1%]). Among 98 cases that failed to meet the algorithm criteria, 80 did not meet the NHSN criteria (NPV, 81.6% [95% confidence interval, 72.8%–88.0%]). The PPV of all culture results was 55.4%. The algorithm was most predictive for skin and soft-tissue infections and bone and joint infections.Conclusion.When culture-based surveillance methods are used, the addition of administrativeICD-9-CMcodes for infection can increase the PPV of true noninvasiveS. aureusinfection over the use of positive culture results alone.

scholarly journals Predictive Ability of Positive Clinical Culture Results and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, to Identify and Classify Noninvasive Staphylococcus aureus Infections: A Validation Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 694-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
LaRee A. Tracy ◽  
Jon P. Furuno ◽  
Anthony D. Harris ◽  
Mary Singer ◽  
Patricia Langenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Clinical Culture ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Definition Of

Objective.To develop and validate an algorithm to identify and classify noninvasive infections due to Staphylococcus aureus by using positive clinical culture results and administrative data.Design.Retrospective cohort study.Setting.Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System.Methods.Data were collected retrospectively on all S. aureus clinical culture results from samples obtained from nonsterile body sites during October 1998 through September 2008 and associated administrative claims records. An algorithm was developed to identify noninvasive infections on the basis of a unique S. aureus-positive culture result from a nonsterile site sample with a matching International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9-CM), code for infection at time of sampling. Medical records of a subset of cases were reviewed to find the proportion of true noninvasive infections (cases that met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network [NHSN] definition of infection). Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for all infections and according to body site of infection.Results.We identified 4,621 unique S. aureus-positive culture results, of which 2,816 (60.9%) results met our algorithm definition of noninvasive S. aureus infection and 1,805 (39.1%) results lacked a matching ICD-9-CM code. Among 96 cases that met our algorithm criteria for noninvasive S. aureus infection, 76 also met the NHSN criteria (PPV, 79.2% [95% confidence interval, 70.0%–86.1%]). Among 98 cases that failed to meet the algorithm criteria, 80 did not meet the NHSN criteria (NPV, 81.6% [95% confidence interval, 72.8%–88.0%]). The PPV of all culture results was 55.4%. The algorithm was most predictive for skin and soft-tissue infections and bone and joint infections.Conclusion.When culture-based surveillance methods are used, the addition of administrative ICD-9-CM codes for infection can increase the PPV of true noninvasive S. aureus infection over the use of positive culture results alone.

scholarly journals Rapid Tuberculosis Diagnosis Using Reporter Enzyme Fluorescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Sule ◽  
Ronak Tilvawala ◽  
Toriq Mustapha ◽  
Hany Hassounah ◽  
Aneesa Noormohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Reporter Enzyme ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis ◽  
Culture Positive

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis is the most frequent cause of death in humans from a single infectious agent. Due to low numbers of bacteria present in sputum during early infection, diagnosis does not usually occur until >3 to 4 months after symptoms develop. We created a new more sensitive diagnostic that can be carried out in 10 min with no processing or technical expertise. This assay utilizes the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific biomarker BlaC in reporter enzyme fluorescence (REF) that has been optimized for clinical samples, designated REFtb, along with a more specific fluorogenic substrate, CDG-3. We report the first evaluation of clinical specimens with REFtb assays in comparison to the gold standards for tuberculosis diagnosis, culture and smear microscopy. REFtb assays allowed diagnosis of 160 patients from 16 different countries with a sensitivity of 89% for smear-positive, culture-positive samples and 88% for smear-negative, culture-positive samples with a specificity of 82%. The negative predictive value of REFtb for tuberculosis infection is 93%, and the positive predictive value is 79%. Overall, these data point toward the need for larger accuracy studies by third parties using a commercially available REFtb kit to determine whether incorporation of REFtb into the clinical toolbox for suspected tuberculosis patients would improve case identification. If results similar to our own can be obtained by all diagnostic laboratories, REFtb would allow proper treatment of more than 85% of patients that would be missed during their initial visit to a clinic using current diagnostic strategies, reducing the potential for further spread of disease.

scholarly journals Detection and Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Directly from Sputum Sediments by Ligase Chain Reaction

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1028-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas F. Moore ◽  
Janis I. Curry
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Acid Fast Bacillus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Ligase Chain Reaction ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Culture Positive

Sputum specimens received for the diagnosis of tuberculosis or other mycobacterial infections were tested by a ligase chain reaction (LCR)-based assay and acid-fast stain and culture techniques. Results from the LCR assay (Abbott LCx Mycobacterium tuberculosis[MTB] Assay) were compared to results from standard culture techniques held for 6 weeks. Four hundred ninety-three specimens from 205 patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the prospective study. Thirty-four (6.9%) of the specimens were culture positive for M. tuberculosis, and 13 (38%) of these were also fluorochrome stain positive. LCR sensitivities and specificities compared to culture were 74 and 98%, respectively. LCR sensitivity was 100% for fluorochrome stain-positive specimens and 57% for fluorochrome stain-negative specimens. Nine LCR-negative, culture-positive specimens were the result of low concentrations ofM. tuberculosis. No inhibitors were detected in any of these specimens. Of the eight LCR-positive, culture-negative specimens, five were from patients with active tuberculosis. With these considered culture misses, final LCR sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 77, 99, 91, and 98%, respectively. The same performance values for the fluorochrome acid-fast bacillus smear were 33, 98, 62, and 94%, respectively. After normal laboratory sputum processing, the Abbott LCx MTB Assay can be completed in 6 h. Thus, it is possible to have results available within 8 h of specimen submission.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Cathelicidin LL-37 in an MRSA Wound Infection Mouse Model

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1210
Author(s):  
Oriana Simonetti ◽  
Oscar Cirioni ◽  
Gaia Goteri ◽  
Guendalina Lucarini ◽  
Elżbieta Kamysz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Vegf Expression ◽  
Collagen Organization ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Surgical Wounds ◽  
Infected Wounds ◽  
Micro Vessel Density

Background: LL-37 is the only human antimicrobial peptide that belongs to the cathelicidins. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of LL-37 in the management of MRSA-infected surgical wounds in mice. Methods: A wound on the back of adult male BALB/c mice was made and inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus. Two control groups were formed (uninfected and not treated, C0; infected and not treated, C1) and six contaminated groups were treated, respectively, with: teicoplanin, LL-37, given topically and /or systemically. Histological examination of VEGF expression and micro-vessel density, and bacterial cultures of wound tissues, were performed. Results: Histological examination of wounds in the group treated with topical and intraperitoneal LL-37 showed increased re-epithelialization, formation of the granulation tissue, collagen organization, and angiogenesis. Conclusions: Based on the mode of action, LL-37 has a potential future role in the management of infected wounds.

scholarly journals Potential antimicrobial properties of the Ulva lactuca extract against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected wounds: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1116-1123
Author(s):  
Nadya Fianny Ardita ◽  
Lenny Mithasari ◽  
Daris Untoro ◽  
Siti Isrina Oktavia Salasia
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Infected Wounds ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), currently a major problem in hospitals worldwide, is one of the most common causes of nosocomial disease through surgical wound infection. MRSA-infected wounds have very low recovery rates and have become more problematic as some antibiotics are not effective against MRSA. Several antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents of green algae (Ulva lactuca) in the form of alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, and flavonoids have the potential to accelerate the wound healing process following MRSA wound infection. Various active compounds contained in the U. lactuca extract are thought to have multiple antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that can overcome the MRSA antimicrobial resistance and accelerate tissue growth in the wound healing process. This review aims to describe the potential of Ulva lactuca extract against MRSA-infected wound healing.

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