CONSEQUENCES OF ECONOMIC PROBLEMS AT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN BUKHARA REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Gulchekhra Rakhimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Technical Base ◽  
Industrialization Policy

This article, based on historical sources, describes that as a result of the industrialization policy of the Bukhara region in the 40-80s of the twentieth century, industrial enterprises were located in urban centers, densely populated areas, industrial products, especially natural gas in the Bukhara region, served the interests of the former Soviet Union ... There is information about the rapid introduction of production, the neglect of the material and technical base of industrial enterprises, the absence of technical deficiencies, as a result of damage to industrial waste on the environment and violence

There are Many Alternatives: Margaret Thatcher in the History of Economic Thought

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley W. Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Free Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Margaret Thatcher ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Investment Boom

The last twenty-five years of the twentieth century were freighted with important moments for historians of economic thought: the collapse of the Keynesian consensus, the rise (and fall) of monetarism, the collapse of the former Soviet Union and the other Marxist-Leninist states in central and eastern Europe, the rise of neo-liberalism, and arguments over the possible emergence of a “New Economy” following the internet investment boom at the end of the 1990s. Each of these moments will require its own history as we slowly move away from the tumult of the times and begin to weigh them for their own significance. But several of the moments have a common iconic face in Margaret Thatcher, the Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1979 to 1990. Few other individuals so readily embody the sense of the times. Thatcher's election—a full year and a half before Ronald Reagan's—marks for many people the moment when Keynesian policies finally and irretrievably lost their legitimacy. Likewise, the timing of her election, just two months before Paul Volcker's selection as the chair of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors in the United States, also means that for many people Thatcher's is the public face of monetarism's ascendancy. Finally, there is probably no one person whose name is so clearly associated with the rise of free market thinking and neo-liberalism during the end of the twentieth century.

Old Regimes and Revolutions in the Second and Third Worlds: A Comparative Perspective

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Alexis De Tocqueville ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Present Value ◽  
National Sovereignty ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Revolutionary Nationalism

When they saw so many ridiculous, ramshackle institutions, survivals of an earlier age, which no one had attempted to co-ordinate or adjust to modern conditions and which seemed destined to live on despite the fact that they had ceased to have any present value, it was natural enough that thinkers of the day should come to loathe everything that savored of the past and should desire to remold society on entirely new lines. —Alexis de TocquevilleThe dissolution of empires has been one of the distinguishing and most consequential characteristics of the twentieth century. The popular struggles for national sovereignty that have helped to destroy these empires have sometimes (although certainly not always) been fused with attempts to change radically the socioeconomic institutions inherited from the imperialists. The result of this fusion has been nationalist revolution—or revolutionary nationalism—another phenomenon largely unique to the present century. Most recently, in the Eastern European satellites of the former Soviet Union, imperial domination not only generated a nationalist opposition but also unwittingly radicalized it—albeit in a very peculiar way that I explain below. Thus, the Eastern European revolutions of 1989, as Pavel Campeanu (1991: 806–7) has pointed out, had “a dual nature: social, since their goal was to destroy the socioeconomic structures of Stalinism, and national, since they aspired to re-establish the sovereignty of the countries in question.”

scholarly journals Is the shaman indeed risen in post-Soviet Siberia?

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 350-387
Author(s):  
Olle Sundström
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Altai Republic ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Religion And Theology ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Exhaustive Study

In his exhaustive study of ‘shamanism’ among the Altaic peoples in Southern Siberia, the renowned Soviet ethnographer Leonid P. Potapov contends that ‘under the present conditions there are no remnants or survivals of Shamanism as such left in Altai’. What remains are legends and reminiscences, but these can no longer be told by people with personal experiences of Altaic ‘shamans’ and their rituals. According to Potapov, modern socialist culture has changed the minds of the Altaic peoples to the degree that they are now a materialistically thinking people, and ‘shamanism’ has completely disappeared. In addition, he contends that there are no prospects of its return after the deathblow dealt by Soviet anti-religious repression in the 1930s ‘shamanic’ rituals were forbidden and ritual paraphernalia such as drums and costumes were expropriated by the authorities. Considering that Potapov in his study follows Altaic ‘shamanism’ through 1500 years, depicting it as a ‘religion’ and ‘theology’ which stayed more or less intact over the centuries, his statement seems more like a pious hope based on the Soviet vision of a society liberated from superstition, religion, and spiritual exploitation. Potapov himself delineates Altaic ‘shamanism’s’ development from a ‘state religion’to a ‘folk religion’. From this perspective it might seem remarkable that ‘shamanism’ should not have survived 70 years of atheist repression, missionary work and the Soviet transformation of society. Already by the time Potapov’s book was published, during the very last months of the existence of the Soviet Union, there had, in fact, appeared a number of persons claiming to be ‘shamans’, with an ancestry dating from the time of ‘shamans’ of the first half of the twentieth century. These individuals were also part of organisations and movements promoting the revival of ‘shamanism’ in the autonomous Altai Republic. In other parts of the former Soviet Union similar processes took place. Today, in post-Soviet Altai, as well as in many other parts of Siberia, shamanism exists in the same sense that there is Buddhism, Christianity and Islam in the region.

CULTURAL PROCESSES IN KASHKADARYA REGION IN THE 80S OF THE XX CENTURY AND THEIR PECULIARITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Sardor Doniyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Processes

This article deals with the cultural processes, the state of literature and art, and the activities of theaters in the 80s of the twentieth century in Kashkadarya region, one of the remote regions of the former Soviet Union, one of the southern regions of the Uzbek SSR

Epidemiology and global burden of ischaemic heart disease

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Death Rates

Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of disease burden worldwide, mostly due to 7.0 million IHD deaths. Age standardized IHD death rates declined in most countries at the end of the twentieth century, but rates have remained high in the countries of the former Soviet Union. Now, about two-thirds of global IHD burden falls on middle-income nations. IHD death or disability is more likely to impact the middle-aged working population of these countries.

scholarly journals Strategic and Tactical Totalization in the Totalitarian Epoch

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-93
Author(s):  
Adam J MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes

AbstractThis article examines the totalization of private law by public authorities. It compares and contrasts the fate of private law in totalitarian regimes with the role of private law in contemporary, non-totalitarian liberal democracies. It briefly examines the Socialist jurisprudence of the former Soviet Union and its treatment of private law. It offers an explanation why private law might be inimical to the jurisprudence of the Soviet Union and totalitarian regimes more generally. It next examines the totalization of law accomplished by segregationist regimes in the mid-twentieth century, comparing and contrasting those regimes with totalitarian regimes. Then it turns to examine instances of “tactical totalization” in our own day. Examining totalization of law as a jurisprudential, rather than political, phenomenon reveals how the totalization of legal norms can and does occur in liberal democracies, though with substantially different implications than in totalitarian regimes.

Communism, Socialism, Marxism, Bolshevism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgiana Perlea
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Party Elites

Communism is first and foremost the reality of long-dismantled or nearly defunct regimes in China, the (former) Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, Cuba and North Korea: all notionally egalitarian societies. In the first half of the twentieth century, communist parties established dictatorial regimes that enforced, in the name of socialist goals, the ostensible equality but de facto impoverishment of whole societies over decades of political rule to the sole benefit of party elites.

scholarly journals State of the Ground: Climatology and Changes during the Past 69 Years over Northern Eurasia for a Rarely Used Measure of Snow Cover and Frozen Land

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4933-4955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Ya Groisman ◽  
Richard W. Knight ◽  
Vyacheslav N. Razuvaev ◽  
Olga N. Bulygina ◽  
Thomas R. Karl
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
The State ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Arctic Warming ◽  
Snow Cover Extent

Abstract Significant climatic changes over northern Eurasia during the twentieth century are revealed in numerous variables including those affecting and characterizing the state of the cryosphere. In addition to commonly used in situ observations of snow cover such as snow depth and snow courses, synoptic archives in the former Soviet Union contain regular daily and semidaily reports about the state of the ground in the area surrounding the station. Information about frozen, dry, wet, ponded, and snow-covered land, and in the case of snow-covered land, about the characteristics of snow cover, is available in these reports. A new Global Synoptic Data Network (GSDN) consisting of 2100 stations within the boundaries of the former Soviet Union created jointly by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and Russian Institute for Hydrometeorological Information (RIHMI) was used to assess the climatology of snow cover, frozen and unfrozen ground reports, and their temporal variability for the period from 1936 to 2004. Comparison with satellite measurements of snow cover extent is also presented. During the second half of the twentieth century and over many regions in northern Eurasia, an increase in unfrozen ground conditions (5 days since 1956 over the Russian Federation) was observed. The most prominent changes occurred in the spring season in Siberia and the Far East north of 55°N during April and May by 3 to 5 days, which constitute a 15%–35% change in these regions compared to long-term mean values. Since the beginning of the dataset, surface temperature changes in high latitudes have not been monotonic. As a result, linear trend analyses applied to the entire period of observations can lead to paradoxical conclusions. Specifically, changes in snow cover extent during the 1936–2004 period cannot be linked with “warming” (particularly with the Arctic warming) because in this particular period the Arctic warming was absent.

scholarly journals KAZAKHSTANIS DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR: THE FEAT OF KABASH KOZYBAYEV

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zh.S. Mazhitova ◽  
◽  
N. Ischanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Tragic Event

The article highlights the main pages of the biography and heroic labor feat during the great Patriotic war of Kabash Kozybayev (1898--1973). More than seventy-five years have passed since the end of the Great Patriotic war. There is not a single family in the former Soviet Union that was not affected by this tragic event of the twentieth century. The authors note that Kazakhstanis fought at the front, worked in the rear, and participated in the partisan movement. Undoubtedly, the life of every Soviet person is unique and unrepeatable, but all wartime people are United by a great feat that should never be forgotten. To achieve victory, the patriots used a variety of forms and methods of assistance to their struggling homeland as is known from history, and suggested to the new conditions. One of these forms was the collection of funds for the construction of military equipment and weapons. One of the bright heroes who supported this initiative was K. Kozybayev, who was the initiator of the purchase of Yak-6 bombers. The authors try to analyze K.'s labor feat. Kozybaev and determine the reasons for the different information on this issue.

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