THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY -THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE COLONIES OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XX CENTURY(on the example of the Central Asian region )

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Zarnigor Z. Qodirova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

The article provides information on the organization of Russian-system schools by the Russian Empire, the implementation of several works aimed at ensuring the literacy of spiritual and educational, religious and secular knowledge of the local population, women and girls, as well as the creation of an educational system aimed at russifying the local population and broadening Russian culture in the region. From the very beginning of the Soviet regime, it was shown that the main attention was paid to the issue of education of Muslim women and girls.Index Terms:primary education, otinoi, Russian-native schools, gymnasium, Muslim society, S. Yenikeeva, democracy, enlightenment, new methodological schools

scholarly journals Creativity of A. L. Benois. Traditions of the St. Petersburg architectural school in the Turkestan region

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
T. F. Zhukova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Domestic Architecture ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Architecture Development ◽  
Civil Engineers

The article provides a brief summary of the historical situation of the mid XIX century, when the conquest policy of the Russian Empire predetermined the urban development of the territories annexed in the hostilities, the spreading of the St. Petersburg architectural school traditions in them. The propagators of its creative principles were the graduates of the Institute of Civil Engineers, the Construction School of the Main Directorate of Railways and Public Buildings, the Academy of Arts.The main attention in the article is paid to the creative activity of the architect Alexei Leontievich Benois, whose heritage was a reflection of the traditions of the St. Petersburg architectural school of the mid-XIX in Turkestan. The stylistic affiliation of his buildings is analyzed, the creative method is determined.The information provided in the article about the heritage of A. L. Benois, complemented the overall picture of the domestic architecture development as an integral artistic system within the vast borders of the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals Ruling techniques of the Ottoman Empire in Western Caucasus on the early XIX century (based on the document from the Ottoman State Archive of the President of the Republic of Turkey Hattı Hümayün 1103/4569-R

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Anri Robertovich Chediya
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The subject of this article is the policy and ruling techniques of the Ottoman Empire in Western Caucasus as a whole, and Abkhazia in particular, implemented due to expansion of military and economic presence of the Russian Empire in Caucasus in the early XIX century. Such methods include bringing local population (mostly representative of aristocracy – princes and noblemen) to the side of the Ottoman Empire for returning their dominance in the countries and cities (fortresses), considered by the Sublime Porte as the territories of their authority, and unlawfully annexed by the Russian Empire (namely the Principality of Abkhazia). This resulted in clash of interest of both superpowers that unfolded in Abkhazia and neighboring Circassia in the early XIX century. The scientific novelty consists in introduction into the scientific discourse of previously unpublished sources from the Ottoman State Archive of the President of the Republic of Turkey, as well as the Russian State Military-Historical Archive, which shed light on the methods of Ottoman control over the territories of Western Caucasus (Principality of Abkhazia, Circassia), as well as on the complicated questions regarding the clash of interests of the Russian and Ottoman empires in the region. The relevance of this work is substantiated by usage of both, Russian and Ottoman unpublished archival materials for describing the Ottoman ruling techniques in the region.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE ON THE STATE OF MUSLIM CLERGY IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN STATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (08) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Nadira Makhkamova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Muslim Education ◽  
The Russian Empire

This article highlights the changes that took place in the state of the Muslim clergy of the Central Asian region after its conquest by the Russian Empire, and also attempts to determine whether its influence on the local population remains as strong as in previous periods. The author of the article concludes that Islam in colonial Turkestan continued to remain an influential force in Muslim society, and the influence of the Muslim clergy was equally comprehensive, despite certain changes that took place in the system of Muslim education and legal proceedings.

SOME COMMENTS EARLY STAGES OF ENTRANCE OF ENGLISH AMBASSADORS AND TRADERS TO CENTRAL ASIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Ismail Kupaysinov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

This article analyzes the factors that led to the arrival of British ambassadors and merchants in the Central Asian region in the early XIX century, the attitude of the Russian Empire to the ambassadors' personal diaries, and historical sources

scholarly journals “Letters from the trans-ural steppe” by Sultan Mendali Piraliev: an unofficial point of view of a russian official on imperial policy in Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Gorbunova V. Svetlana
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Border Line ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Legal Space ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

The article is devoted to the analysis of V. V. Grigoriev's views on Russian policy in the Kazakh Hordes. The interrelations with the Central Asia was not the primary one in the foreign policy of the Russian Empire in the 18th first half of the 19th centuries. Therefore, the central authorities entrusted managing the Kazakhs to the Orenburg governor and the Orenburg border commission. The Orenburg and Omsk officials not only implemented Russian policy in this region, but also exerted a strong influence on its formation and took part in the development of the most normative acts in the Steppe management. Therefore, the views of local officials are of interest for understanding the Central Asian policy of the Russian Empire, the peculiarities of relations with the Kazakhs and their management. V.V. Grigoriev, who held the important post of chairman of the Orenburg Border Commission, preferred to declare his position in the form of letters from the imaginary Kazakh sultan Mendali Piraliev, because thus as we can assume his ideas got more weight and he could have felt free in describing the policy of the Russian authorities in the Kazakh Hordes. This policy, according to V.V. Grigoriev, was erroneous, because it did not take into account the mentality of an Eastern person and was based not on justice, but on excessive indulgence. That is why the Russian administration could not cope even with the attacks of the Kazakhs on Russian villages and the border line that had been erected to separate the Kazakhs after their taking citizenship. V.V. Grigoriev, who headed the Orenburg border commission in the 50s and early 60s. XIX century, the period of the Kazakh steppe future fate determination, perhaps expected to strengthen the positions of supporters of the incorporation of Kazakhs into the general imperial political and legal space by publishing his polemical Letters.

scholarly journals The policy of imperial acculturation of the northern Kazakh steppes population (mid XVIII-XIX centuries): phenomenon of the Orenburg Kyrgyz school

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
Anton Vladislavovich Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Educational Policy ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Cultural Integration ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Kazakh Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

This paper covers the main issues of the educational policy of the Russian Empire in the XVIII-XIX centuries in relation to the northern Kazakh steppes population. Examples of peaceful interaction of Russian settlers with the local Kazakh population are considered through the prism of cultural and educational influence, which was expressed at the basis of a number of educational institutions for the foreigners of the northern Kazakh steppes. The significance of the educational and cultural integration of the local population into the Russian society is revealed. The main aspects of the educational policy of the Russian Empire are investigated on the factual material of Russian-foreign schools. The problems of acculturation of the local population and ways to solve them in the works of contemporaries and direct participants in these events are given. Archival materials telling about the history of the educational institution - the Orenburg Kyrgyz School are introduced into scientific circulation. The work of the Orenburg Kyrgyz School is considered, which implied cultural and educational acculturation of the Kazakh population in the middle of the XIX century. The author also reveals the reasons for changing the educational and cultural orientations of the school at different periods of its existence, the results of its work and its role in the process of non-Russian peoples integration into the unified sociocultural space of the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals AFGHANISTAN IN THE SPHERE OF TRADE INTERESTS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
V.N. Shkunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Import Trade

The article is devoted to the problems of trade and economic rivalry between the Russian Empire and Great Britain in the first half of the XIX century, when the two powers were looking for adequate methods and forms of protecting their interests in Central Asia and Afghanistan. The author pays special attention to the problems of economic development and foreign trade of Afghanistan in the period under review. He examines the main objects of export and import, trade volumes, channels for the sale of goods, ethnic and confessional characteristics of merchants who participated in trade with Kabul. The role of the diplomatic service of Russia and Great Britain, travelers, scouts, merchants in collecting the necessary information about the situation in the Middle East is noted. The author focuses on the role and importance of the Central Asian khanates and merchants in promoting Russian goods to Afghanistan. The regional peculiarities of the organization of foreign trade are noted (by the example of Baloch).

HISTORY OF MEDICINE DEVELOPMENT IN TURKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Mamarazok Tagaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Medicine Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Russian Empire

In the article, after the conquest of the Russian Empire in the province, hospitals were opened for the Russian military and turned them into a hospital. Opened hospitals in Tashkent, Samarkand and Kattakurgan and outpatients for women and men. However,the local population, fearing doctors in uniform, did not want to contact them and turned to healers and paramedics

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