scholarly journals PENGARUH MEDIA ARANG KAYU JATI PADA PROSES PACK CARBURIZING TERHADAP KOMPOSISI KIMIA DAN KEKERASAN BAJA KARBON RENDAH

Otopro ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Shultoni Mahardika ◽  
Mohammad Thoriqul Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Hardness Testing ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Teak Wood

Low carbon steel is steel with a carbon element content of less than 0.25%. This type of steel is widely used in spare parts motorbikeproducts after market. This type of product has a lower hardness level when compared toproducts Genuine Parts. Due to the low hardness value of the steel material when compared to Genuine Parts products, this product wears out faster. Due to this, engineering was carried out to increase the hardness of steel. One way is by using themethod pack carburizing. Theprocess pack carburizing in this study uses teak wood charcoal as a carburizer. This process is done by pre-heating the material in thebox carburizing pack at a temperature of 650 C. After pre-heating, the temperature was increased to 900ᵒC and different holding times were carried out, namely 5.6 and 7 hours. After that, the cooling process is carried out with water. The results obtained were that thematerial pack carburized had a higher carbon value as the holding time increased. The carbon value before treatment was 0.12%, then there was an increase to 1.03% at the holding time of 5 hours, 1.18% at the holding time of 6 hours and 1.37% at the holding time of 7 hours. The results of the hardness testing before treatment were 46.4 HRA on average increased to 83.66 HRA, 84.69 HRA and 84, 82 HRA at 5 hours, 6 hours and 7 hours detention. However, when doing statistical tests, it is not recommended to hold the heating time up to 7 hours when using this medium. This is because the comparison of changes in violence between 6 hours and 7 hours of detention did not show a significant increase in violence

scholarly journals PROSES PEMBUATAN ARANG BATOK KELAPA DAN TULANG SAPI MENGGUNAKAN METODE PIROLISIS SEBAGAI MEDIA CARBURIZING

POROS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Tumpal Ojahan Ojahan ◽  
Miswanto Miswanto Miswanto ◽  
Slamtt Sumardi Sumardi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
The Media ◽  
Food Needs ◽  
Coconut Shells

Fueled by a rise in food needs as beef and oil into basic commodities has been consumed by thepublic, has lead the increasing of waste the cows and coconut shell. The main ingredient used in thisresearch is a waste product from cow bones and from the remains of the coconut shells from which no orhousehold wastes, that can be processed into charcoal. The purpose of this research which is to enhanceeconomic value of waste from cow bones and coconut shells using combustion pyrolysis system beingcharred (fixed carbon) to produce good quality charcoal, to find out the extent of the temperature used andthe composition of charcoal. The process used in this research is pack carburizing with cow bones andcoconut shell as the media at the temperature 950oC, time detention three hours with variations compositioncharcoal. It can be concluded that charcoal bone across his cattle and charcoal coconut can be used as asource of carbon that might improve the force and hardness in the material carbon steel low (low carbonsteel). The process of pack carburizing can increase the value of % C, against low carbon steel material.

The Initial Life and Short Crack Propagation Life for Low Carbon Steel Based on Dislocation Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 1145 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yuan Long Yang ◽  
Qing Chun Meng ◽  
Wei Ping Hu
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Short Crack ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

In the paper, the relationship between the grain size and fatigue life are studied. To specify the initial and short crack propagation life of low carbon steel material, three methods are used in the simulation. At first, the K. Tanaka’s model is introduced to calculate the fatigue life of a grain. Then, the Voronoi Diagram is used to generate the microstructure of grains. At last, a criteria to specify the short crack is proposed. Based on these methods, the numerical simulation is conducted. With the help of the process, the grain sizes are generated randomly in order to specify how grain sizes effect fatigue life. The computational results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The results show that the randomness of fatigue life is closely related to the randomness of grain sizes.

Integrity Challenges Associated with Stray Current Corrosion Across Monolithic IJ's and Resolutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Salem Al Salemi ◽  
Saleh Salem Al Ameri ◽  
Ajiv Mohan Nair ◽  
Humaid Musabah Al Ali ◽  
Mario Jr Javier Zantua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Ionic Current ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Stray Current ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Internal Lining

Abstract Corrosion and subsequent failures is one of the main factors affecting uninterrupted operations of Oil & Gas Industries. Pipelines are considered as most convenient means of crude and gas transportation in Oil & Gas Industry. Buried pipelines generally made of low carbon steel material are protected externally by coating and applying impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP). Monitoring and maintaining adequate level of Cathodic Protection (CP) for such pipelines remains challenging for corrosion engineers due to increased level of field congestion, complexity in accurate current mapping and mitigation of corrosion phenomena. Failure of pipelines due to corrosion can be catastrophic with following consequences: Loss of containment fluid and thereby probable fatalityDamage to asset/company reputationSafety and Environment (Fire, Toxic gases and Oil Spill)Resource and downtime cost impact Isolation joints IJ's are designed with very high insulating material at mating areas and installed on pipelines by welding to avoid loss of Cathodic Protection (CP) current. Due to high electrical insulation, a potential difference is formed across of IJ's due to applied CP current and stray currents. In upstream Oil & Gas Industry, multiphase crude transported via pipeline will have certain percentage of water and will induce an internal conductive path across the IJs resulting in ionic current discharge at anodic areas within internal surface. This study focuses on factors contributing to such internal stray current corrosion, limitation in monitoring methodology and mitigation programs. The study concludes with recommendations such as design modifications, improvement in internal lining properties and improved installation guidelines. The study practically illustrates effectiveness of combined resistive bonding and zinc earthing cells installation for controlling stray current propagation in order to reduce the corrosion rate so as to maintain Integrity of pipelines.

Design, Development and Performance of Palm Waste Briquette Stove for Domestic and Industrial Usage

2009 ◽  
Vol 62-64 ◽  
pp. 717-722
Author(s):  
C.O. Ilechie ◽  
G.F. Aibangbee ◽  
S.R. Ogblechi ◽  
P.E. Amiolemhen
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Heating Surface ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Palm Waste

A low cost heat-conserving stove that uses palm waste briquette (substitute for fuel wood) has been developed. It has a furnace size of 400mm diameter and a height of 400mm with a 90mm inner cylindrical burner. The heating surface of the stove generated about 966 kilojoules of heat. A natural draught of 6m/s (efflux velocity) was used to determine the chimney size. The stove which was designed and fabricated mostly from 3mm low carbon steel (mild steel) material can accommodate different sizes of briquette for both domestic and industrial cooking. The air inlet has a regulating duct that controls the burning of the briquette. The burning rate of the palm waste briquette using the briquette stove was estimated to be approximately 3.0kg/hr. This value was found to be lower than values obtained when the same quantity of briquette was burnt in the open air. The technology is recommended for adoption by women preparing snacks (such as roasted yam. plantain and corn) in market places and along commercial roads.

scholarly journals Comparison and assessment of a different steel materials based on core losses reduction for three-phase induction motor

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Yaser Atta Yassin ◽  
Ali Nasser Hussain ◽  
Nagham Yassin Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Core Loss ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Core ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Core Losses ◽  
And Performance

This paper presents a core losses and performance calculation with different type of steel materials in the core design for three-phase induction motor by using "ANSYS Maxwell" program in order to identify the core material that provides the most effective performance by iron losses reduction. The coefficients of core losses are calculated from the magnetization curve and core Loss curve based on the on steel material databases. Although the difficult to obtain because of the little of existing information. Results show the capability of the proposed Cobalt steel (Hiperco 50) to achieve the significant losses reduction in comparison to the Electrical Steel NGO–AK Steel’s M-19 and Low Carbon Steel-SAE1020.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Media Arang Kayu Bakau Mangrove Dan Arang Kayu Asam Pada Proses Perlakuan Carburizing Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Baja Karbon ST-37

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Rico Arifandi ◽  
Gerald Adityo Pohan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Martensite Phase ◽  
Wood Charcoal ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
The Impact

In the military field, tank is armored fighting vehicles that move using chain-shaped wheels. The tread of the tank chain is a component to tread and move so that it requires tougher properties on the surface and has ductile and tough properties on the inside and is more resistant to wear on the surface. The development of tank chain production materials is necessary for the independence of national defense and security as well as reducing dependence on imports. Imported tank chain hardness value 28 HRC or 286 HV. In this research, the objective of this research is to increase the surface hardness of the steel by carburizing the initial material, especially the low carbon steel ST-37. The carburizing treatment process is a method of adding carbon content in steel using solid media. The carbon media used were mangrove charcoal and tamarind wood charcoal using calcium carbonate (CaCO3) catalyst at a constant heating temperature of 900ºC, variations in holding time of 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes, cooled rapidly with water media. Then performed an analysis of the effect of the type of wood charcoal on the mechanical properties of carbon steel ST-37. The results obtained will be applied to the tank chain tread production process. The results of the micro structure of martensite and the highest hardness value were found in the holding time of 60 minutes of mangrove charcoal media with the microstructure results of 63.8% martensite, 36.2% bainite and a hardness value of 453.1 HV. The highest toughness value is found in the holding time of 60 minutes of tamarind wood charcoal media with an impact price (HI) of 0.4345 J/mm2. The difference between the impact test results of tamarind charcoal media with mangroves is not too significant. The higher the martensite phase, the higher the hardness value. However, there is also a bainite phase which can increase the toughness of the steel which will be used as a tread chain production material.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI INHIBITOR UBI UNGU TERHADAP LAJU KOROSI BAJA KARBON A53 DENGAN MEDIA AIR LAUT

ROTOR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ridho Unggul Nur Rahmadi ◽  
Imam Sholahuddin ◽  
Dwi Djumhariyanto
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Natural Inhibitor ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato ◽  
Purple Yam ◽  
Varied Concentration ◽  
Made In ◽  
Main Factor

Corrosion is a form of damage that occurs in metals. The main factor is the cause of the corrosion environment. A53 steel is a type of low carbon steel and a steel material types that are widely used for pipe applications. The use of a corrosion inhibitor is one way of preventing corrosion. Anthocyanin substances contained in purple yam can be made in a natural inhibitor, because the substance is an antioxidant anthocyanin which is an oxidation inhibitor. Variables used were varied concentration of 0 ppm, 2000 ppm, 4000 ppm and 6000 ppm. This study aims to determine the rate of corrosion, purpel sweet potato extract efficiencies and changes in microstructure. The method used in this study is experimental, inhibitor efficiency analysis, ANOVA test and analysis micro photo. The results showed that the material is corroded by pitting corrosion and uniform shape. Values on concentration lowest corrosion rate of 0.0044 mmpy 6000 ppm and 6000 ppm at the highest efficiency of 72.70%. Keywords: anthocyanin, steel A53, natural inhibitor, purple sweet potato.

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