scholarly journals Introduction: Special Issue ‘Complexity and Truth’

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Altmann ◽  
Robert Peters
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Complex Society ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Religious Truth ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World

If not even earlier, then at the latest when Oxford Dictionaries selected ‘post-truth’ as Word of the Year 2016, did the global public become aware that ‘truth’ is not an uncontested and finite concept but a social construct. Are we, then, standing on the threshold of a new ‘post-truth age’ as – for instance – The Independent has claimed? (Norman 2016) Certainly, the Word of the Year 2016 has cast a bright light onto the case that there is not ‘one truth only’ but that there are facts that can be interpreted – or rejected – in different ways. This means that truth is ‘produced’, but is it produced as scientific or religious truth or as political truth? Just think of `fake news´ and its strategic use in influencing elections, as in the case of the latest presidential elections in the US or Brazil, or the leave campaign in the case of the Brexit referendum. Thus, the production of truth is undertaken by society, at least on the level of concrete actions. This situation becomes more complicated if we consider modern complex society. The increasing globalization of economies and societies has made the world more complex than it has ever before been.

COVID-19 as an Extreme Event in the New York Metropolitan Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Marcotullio ◽  
William D. Solecki
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Deadly Disease

During early 2020, the world encountered an extreme event in the form of a new and deadly disease, COVID-19. Over the next two years, the pandemic brought sickness and death to countries and their cities around the globe. One of the first and initially the hardest hit location was New York City, USA. This article is an introduction to the Special Issue in this journal that highlights the impacts from and responses to COVID-19 as an extreme event in the New York City metropolitan region. We overview the aspects of COVID-19 that make it an important global extreme event, provide brief background to the conditions in the world, and the US before describing the 10 articles in the issue that focus on conditions, events and dynamics in New York City during the initial phases of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Special Issue: Honey Bee Research in the US: Current State and Solutions to Beekeeping Problems

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita M. López-Uribe ◽  
Michael Simone-Finstrom
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World

The European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is the most important managed species for agricultural pollination across the world [...]

scholarly journals Fake News in Social Kurdish Media in Kurdistan Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-150
Author(s):  
Nawzad Sadiq Muhammad ◽  
Kamil Omer Sleman
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Focus Group Interview ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Spot Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Environmental

Fake news becomes a phenomenon in the Kurdish social media. The easiness of use and the political and social environmental crisis of northern Kurdistan besides non-professional dealing by a number of journalists worsen the situation. Despite the fact that fake news does not stemmed from the modern technology of information and the advent of using media for psychology and propaganda war but, the easiness of accessing social media makes the online platforms to be the main mediums of disseminating fake news. The openness of northern Kurdistan towards new communication technology and the semi-freedom of journalistic working and partisan activities help this part of the world to be a spot area for spreading fake news phenomenon; which became an interesting topic for many scholars around the world mainly after the presidential elections of United States of America in 2016. In this exploratory study, focus group interview used for collecting data and thematic analysis approach adopted for analysing it. Results show that spreading fake news through the Kurdish social media becomes a prevailing phenomenon. Various political and economy purposes can be identified behind disseminating fake news. Adding to increasing activity of variety of pages and accounts created with this respect through different names. Although of prevailing of the phenomena, a number of procedures can be taken in order to put a line for common of the phenomena including covering fake news through creating parasite account and pages and detecting the source of such piece of information.

Fake News

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Bode ◽  
Emily K. Vraga ◽  
Kjerstin Thorson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Fake News ◽  
News Stories ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
2016 Election ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Insight Into

Chapter 7 tackles the challenges posed by misinformation campaigns and fake news, an issue of growing concern in America and around the world. Following the 2016 U.S. presidential elections, academics and pundits alike struggled to make sense of what happened, and many pointed to the role of fake news and misinformation more broadly in leading voters astray in their assessments of the two major candidates for president. This chapter draws on survey data to investigate how media use in general, and use of social media and partisan media more specifically, affected belief in six fake news stories directly following the 2016 election. The analysis assesses whether use of different types of media affected belief in misinformation—including messages congruent and incongruent with their own candidate preferences—providing insight into what was to blame for belief in fake news in the 2016 elections.

Populism, Fake News, and the Flight From Democracy

2020 ◽  
pp. 238-257
Author(s):  
Greg Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Imaginary Audience ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Populist Movements

Fake news and populist movements that appear to hold the fate of democracy hostage are urgent concerns around the world.  The flight from liberal democracy toward oligarchy has spread out from the unexpected results of the 2016 American presidential elections bringing in a wave of reactionary populism and the beginning of a left populist counter movement. The phenomenon of fake news is often explained in terms of opposition public relations strategies and geopolitics that shift audiences toward a regime of post-truth where emotion is said to triumphs over reason, computational propaganda over common sense, or sheer power over knowledge. In this chapter, the authors propose something different in order to theorize the imaginary audience(s) and conditions of reception for fake news treated as both a symptom (often of injury) and a cause (at times a danger to democracy). This leads them to evaluate the role it plays in defining what the fields of journalism, politics, and social science are becoming and what it means for democracy to come.

scholarly journals 2. Simondon as a Neo-Scholastic?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Johan Fredrikzon
Keyword(s):  
Media Studies ◽  
Research Assistant ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Academic Environments ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Film And Media Studies ◽  
Creative Force ◽  
Information Image

Johan Fredrikzon spent one and a half years as a visiting research assistant at the Film and Media Studies Program at Yale University 2018/2019. Some months before he arrived, a two-day workshop on Simondon was held by the Yale-Düsseldorf Working Group on Philosophy and Media, titled Modes of Technical Objects, with scholars from the US and Germany. Fredrikzon decided to engage a few of the workshop participants for this special issue of Sensorium, with the purpose to discuss perspectives on Simondon as a theoretical instrument for thinking technology, how the French philosopher matters in their work, and why there seems to be a revival in the interest in the writing of Simondon these days. On behalf of the Sensorium journal, the interviewer would like to thank the three interviewees for their generous participation. About John Durham Peters: John Durham Peters is María Rosa Menocal Professor of English and of Film & Media Studies at Yale University. Peters has been a creative force in media studies for many years and his thinking continues to influence academic environments throughout the world. His book The Marvelous Clouds: Toward a Philosophy of Elemental Media (Chicago, 2015) was an attempt to rethink the concept of media by including weather, dolphins and fire to the infrastructural landscape of digital communications and climate change. His new book, in cooperation with Kenneth Cmiel, is called Promiscuous Knowledge: Information, Image, and Other Truth Games in History (Chicago, 2020).

scholarly journals Social Media for Social Good or Evil: An Introduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 205630511878671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Hemsley ◽  
Jenna Jacobson ◽  
Anatoliy Gruzd ◽  
Philip Mai
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Social Good ◽  
International Conference ◽  
The World ◽  
Good For ◽  
Good And Evil

In the heyday of social media, individuals around the world held high hopes for the democratizing force of social media; however, in light of the recent public outcry of privacy violations, fake news, and Russian troll farms, much of optimism toward social media has waned in favor of skepticism, fear, and outrage. This special issue critically explores the question, “Is social media for good or evil?” While good and evil are both moral terms, the research addresses whether the benefits of using social media in society outweigh the drawbacks. To help conceptualize this topic, we examine some of the benefits (good) and drawbacks (evil) of using social media as discussed in eight papers from the 2017 International Conference on Social Media and Society. This thematic collection reflects a broad range of topics, using diverse methods, from authors around the world and highlights different ways that social media is used for good, or evil, or both. We conclude that the determination of good and evil depends on where you stand, but as researchers, we need to go a step further to understand who it is good for and who it might hurt.

scholarly journals U.S.-China trade war and its impact on the world economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Byambakhand Luguusharav ◽  
Bolormaa Budjav
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
China Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade War

Republican candidate Donald J. Trump, who ran in the 2016 US presidential elections with a slogan “Make America Great Again” defined his foreign policy as “America First”. He set out to balance the long-running deficit of the United States, which led to the US-China trade war. The war not only affected the economies of Washington and Beijing but also it had a devastating effect on the world economy. The first part of the article discusses the concept of a trade war, while the second part analyzes the origins, causes, and course of the trade war between the United States and China, and the trade agreement between the two countries that have temporarily stopped the trade war. At the end of the article, the positive and negative implications of the US-China trade war on the economies of both countries and the global economy will be reviewed. АНУ-БНХАУ-ын худалдааны дайн, дэлхийн эдийн засагт үзүүлсэн нөлөө Хураангуй: АНУ-ын Ерөнхийлөгчийн 2016 оны сонгуульд “Америкийг дахин агуу болгоё” гэсэн мөрийн хөтөлбөртэй оролцсон Д.Трамп ялалт байгуулж, өөрийн гадаад бодлогыг “Америкийг эн тэргүүнд тавих” хэмээн тодорхойлсон юм. Улмаар тэрээр олон жилийн туршид асар их алдагдалтай явж ирсэн Америкийн гадаад худалдааны балансыг тэнцвэржүүлэх зорилт дэвшүүлсэн нь АНУ- БНХАУ-ын худалдааны дайн гарахад нөлөөлсөн. Энэ дайн нь Вашингтон, Бээжингийн эдийн засагт нөлөөлөөд зогсохгүй дэлхийн эдийн засгийг доргилтонд оруулаад байна. Толилуулан буй өгүүллийн эхний хэсэгт худалдааны дайны тухай ойлголтыг авч үзэх бол хоёрдугаар хэсэгт АНУ-БНХАУ-ын хооронд өрнөсөн худалдааны дайны үүсэл, шалтгаан, өрнөл, энэ дайныг түр зогсоогоод байгаа хоёр улсын худалдааны хэлэлцээрт дүн шинжилгээ хийнэ. Өгүүллийн төгсгөлд, АНУ-БНХАУ-ын худалдааны дайн нь хоёр улсын эдийн засагт төдийгүй дэлхийн эдийн засагт үзүүлсэн эерэг, сөрөг нөлөөлийн талаар дүн шинжилгээ хийсэн болно. Түлхүүр үгс: АНУ, БНХАУ, худалдааны дайн, дэлхийн эдийн засаг, тариф

Populism, Fake News, and the Flight From Democracy

2021 ◽  
pp. 260-279
Author(s):  
Greg Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Imaginary Audience ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Populist Movements

Fake news and populist movements that appear to hold the fate of democracy hostage are urgent concerns around the world.  The flight from liberal democracy toward oligarchy has spread out from the unexpected results of the 2016 American presidential elections bringing in a wave of reactionary populism and the beginning of a left populist counter movement. The phenomenon of fake news is often explained in terms of opposition public relations strategies and geopolitics that shift audiences toward a regime of post-truth where emotion is said to triumphs over reason, computational propaganda over common sense, or sheer power over knowledge. In this chapter, the authors propose something different in order to theorize the imaginary audience(s) and conditions of reception for fake news treated as both a symptom (often of injury) and a cause (at times a danger to democracy). This leads them to evaluate the role it plays in defining what the fields of journalism, politics, and social science are becoming and what it means for democracy to come.

Deracializing Representations of Femininity and the Marketing of Latinidad

2019 ◽  
pp. 252-263
Author(s):  
Carmen R. Lugo-Lugo ◽  
Mary K. Bloodsworth-Lugo
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Embodied Experience ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Symbolic Space ◽  
External Influences ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Character Portrayals

Latinidad has been explained as a process, a set of ideas, or a symbolic space, situating it between a mechanism and a locale. Regardless of its exact articulation or constitution, a central feature of Latinidad involves its standing as a social construct; that is, an idea born from and developed by forces through social interaction. This chapter focuses on Latinidad not only as an identity, but perhaps more importantly, as an embodied experience that is mediated or at times driven by external influences. It focuses on Zoe Saldana, since within the world of Latina celebrities embedded within the US popular culture landscape, she embodies one of the more rare sets of circumstances and combinations of ethnicity, phenotype, and character portrayals to be found.

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