scholarly journals AGE VARIATIONS AND SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN ADIPOSITY AND BODY COMPOSITION AMONG TRIBAL ADOLESCENTS OF KHARAGPUR, WEST BENGAL, INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Gopal Chandra MANDAL ◽  
Saheli BISWAS ◽  
Pijush Kanti ROY ◽  
Kaushik BOSE
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Age Variations

Objectives. Although tribals constitute around 8.6% of the total population of India, detailed information on their body composition is scanty. Thus, our objective was to evaluate age variations and sexual dimorphism in adiposity and body composition among rural tribal adolescents of Kharagpur, West Bengal, India. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 788 tribal adolescent boys and girls, aged 10-17 years of Kharagpur, West Midnapore, West Bengal, India. Height (kg), weight (cm) and skinfolds were measured following standard method. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was derived. Body composition measures including Percent Body Fat (PBF), Fat Mass (FM), Fat Free Mass (FFM), Fat Mass Index (FMI) and Fat Free mass Index (FFMI) were computed using standard equations. Results. All the variables showed a significant age trend in both sexes. Age-combined significant sex differences existed in mean BMI and all body composition measures. Girls had significantly higher mean values of fat measures (PBF, FM and FMI) whereas boys had significantly higher mean values of non-fat measures (FFM and FFMI). In both sexes, age had significant correlations with BMI and the five body composition measures. Similarly, all body composition indicators were significantly correlated with BMI in both sexes. Conclusions. There were significant age and sex variations in body composition measures. Girls had significantly more fat mass whereas boys had more lean body mass. All body composition measures increased significantly with increasing age as well as BMI. Attainment of puberty could be a mediating factor causing these age variations and sexual dimorphism. Keywords: India, tribal adolescents, age variations, sexual dimorphism, body composition.

scholarly journals Seasonal and Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition by Sport-Position in NCAA Division I Basketball Athletes

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fields ◽  
Justin Merrigan ◽  
Jason White ◽  
Margaret Jones
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Within Subjects

The purpose of this study was to assess the body composition of male and female basketball athletes (n = 323) across season, year, and sport-position using air displacement plethysmography. An independent sample t-test assessed sport-position differences. An analysis of variance was used to assess within-subjects across season (pre-season, in-season, and off-season), and academic year (freshman, sophomore, and junior). For both men and women basketball (MBB, WBB) athletes, guards had the lowest body fat, fat mass, fat free mass, and body mass. No seasonal differences were observed in MBB, but following in-season play for WBB, a reduction of (p = 0.03) in fat free mass (FFM) was observed. Across years, MBB showed an increase in FFM from freshman to sophomore year, yet remained unchanged through junior year. For WBB across years, no differences occurred for body mass (BM), body fat (BF%), and fat mass (FM), yet FFM increased from sophomore to junior year (p = 0.009). Sport-position differences exist in MBB and WBB: Guards were found to be smaller and leaner than forwards. Due to the importance of body composition (BC) on athletic performance, along with seasonal and longitudinal shifts in BC, strength and conditioning practitioners should periodically assess athletes BC to ensure preservation of FFM. Training and nutrition programming can then be adjusted in response to changes in BC.

scholarly journals Percent of body fat, fat-mass, fat-free mass and assessment of body composition among rural school-going children of Eastern-India

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-173
Author(s):  
Sampriti Debnath ◽  
Nitish Mondal ◽  
Jaydip Sen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Mean Differences

Abstract Percent of body fat (PBF), fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) are useful indicators for the assessment of body composition. The present study was conducted among 1351 children (boys: 660; girls: 691) aged 5-12 years residing in West Bengal, Eastern-India. The children were selected using a stratified random sampling method. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, triceps skinfold (TSF) and sub-scapular skinfold (SSF) were recorded using standard procedures. The PBF, PBF-for-age z-score (PBFZ) and body mass index (BMI) were subsequently calculated. Body composition was assessed using FM, FFM, fat mass index (FMI) and fat free mass index (FFMI). Age-specific mean values of FM ranged from 2.12-4.00 kg (boys) and 2.16-4.40 kg (girls). Age-specific mean values of FFM ranged from 14.45-23.93 kg (boys) and 14.01-23.03 kg (girls). Sex-specific mean differences between sexes were statistically significant in weight, height, TSF, SSF, PBF, PBFAZ, FM, FFM, FMI and FFMI (p<0.05), except in BMI (p>0.05). These results are important for future investigations in clinical and epidemiological settings so as to accurately identify the risk of lower or higher adiposity and body composition using PBF, FM and FFM.

scholarly journals Estimación del riesgo cardiovascular por composición corporal total

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Oscar Medina ◽  
Juan Manuel Sarmiento ◽  
Larry Quinn ◽  
Sonia Merlano ◽  
Fabian Antonio Dávila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introducción: La obesidad y la adiposidad están relacionadas con el aumento del riesgo cardiovascular. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el perímetro abdominal son las variables antropométricas más utilizadas para evaluar su magnitud. El presente estudio busca establecer la relación entre desenlaces cardiometabólicos y la adiposidad medida con Absorciometría Dual por rayos X (DXA), así como el rendimiento diagnóstico de la misma contra la medición de las variables antropométricas convencionales. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal; se calcularon las variables antropométricas y de composición corporal para 60 pacientes en programa de rehabilitación cardiaca fase II. Resultados: Existió mayor prevalencia de obesidad por IMC y adiposidad en mujeres que en hombres (p=0,01 y 0,048). La curva ROC encontró que el rendimiento del perímetro abdominal es solo 65% y el del IMC del 65,6% para el diagnóstico de adiposidad. Se encontraron relaciones significativas entre porcentaje de masa grasa elevado y la enfermedad coronaria (OR: 1,9 p= 0,042); el IMC aumentado con la hipertensión arterial (OR: 3,0 p= 0,0334) y el LDL > 70 mg/dl (OR: 0,4 p= 0,0178); el perímetro abdominal aumentado con la falla cardiaca (OR: 0,58 p=0,0382); la TMB baja con la hipertensión arterial (OR: 1,70 p= 0,046) y finalmente el IIRME disminuido con el LDL > 70 mg/dl y la falla cardiaca (OR: 0,4 p= 0,0178 y OR 1,96 p=0,078, respectivamente).Conclusiones: La suma de la medición de las variables antropométricas y de composición corporal por DXA ofrece información valiosa para el estudio y estimación del riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico de los pacientes. Abstract Introduction: Obesity and adiposity are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference are the most anthropometric variables used to assess their magnitude. This study aims to establish the relationship between adiposity and cardiometabolic outcomes measured by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) as well as the diagnostic performance of the latter against the measurement of the conventional anthropometric variables. Materials and methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted; anthropometric and body composition variables for 60 patients in cardiac rehabilitation program phase II were calculated. Results: There was a higher prevalence of obesity by BMI and adiposity in women than in men (p = 0.01 and 0.048). The ROC curve found that the performance is only 65% for waist circumference and 65.6% for BMI for the diagnosis of adiposity. Significant correlations between high percentage of fat mass and coronary heart disease (OR: 1.9 p = 0.042) were found; as well as for increased BMI with hypertension (OR: 3.0 p = 0.0334) and LDL> 70mg/dl (OR: 0.4 p = 0.0178); increased waist circumference with heart failure (OR: 0.58 p = 0.0382); low basal metabolic rate (BMR) with hypertension (OR: 1.70 p = 0.046) and finally the decreased fat free mass index (FFMI) with LDL>70mg/dl and heart failure (OR: 0.4 p = 0.0178 and OR: 1.96 p = 0.078 respectively). Conclusions: The addition of body composition variables by DXA and anthropometric variables, provides valuable information for the study and estimation of cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Key Words: Obesity; DEXA Scans; Coronary Disease; BodyComposition; Body Mass Index; Adiposity.

scholarly journals Changes in body composition parameters with duration in type II diabetics: an observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1437
Author(s):  
Leena Raje ◽  
Pallavi Mhaskar
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mass Increase

Background: Diabetes mellitus being a metabolic disorder lot of alteration takes place in body composition parameters such increase in fat mass, decrease in muscle mass, increase visceral fat. With advancing age, the predominant feature develops which is more prevalent in diabetes. These changes in body composition should be monitored. The changes if monitored at an early age, can be well managed and proper interventions can be developed.  The study was conducted to observe the changes taking place in the body composition parameters in individuals with type II diabetes with varied duration of the disease.Methods: This cross- sectional study was done in 228 type II diabetic subjects from the clinics of the Mumbai and Pune. The baseline data was collected from the all the subjects coming to the clinic through the general questionnaire, Anthropometric measurements and Body composition analysis was done by the BIA principle-based Analyser.  Then these subjects were distributed according to the duration of the disease and then analysed.  The data was analysed using SPSS version 22 and mean values p values were obtained.Results: The results showed that there is statistically significant increase in fat mass, visceral fat and decrease in muscle mass.Conclusions: There is change in body composition parameters like decrease in muscle mass, increase in fat and visceral fat along with the increase in the duration of the disease.

scholarly journals Relationship of the Pro12Ala Polymorphism on the PPARy2 Gene With the Body Composition of Practitioners of Cyclic Exercises

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Suelen Brito da Silva ◽  
Darlene Camati Persuhn ◽  
Francisca Karinny Lemos Barbosa ◽  
Marizângela Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Klécia de Farias Sena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Pro12ala Polymorphism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values

This study aimed to verify the association between the genotypic of the receptor gene activated by peroxisome proliferators gamma 2 (PPARy2) and the body composition and the specific indicators of adiposity in practitioners physical exercises, considering nutritional intake, age, and training load as influencing factors. It was conducted a cross-sectional study with 335 adults (47.9 ± 12.7 years, 138 men, body mass index/BMI = 27.0 ± 4.9 kg/m2), practitioners of aerobic exercises in cyclical modalities (running, walking and/or cycling, who spent 328.3 ± 193.6 kcal/day on physical training). The genotyping of the Pro12Ala polymorphism was performed using the PCR-RFLP technique and the body composition measured by bioimpedance (InBody 720). Energy expenditure was based on the compendium of physical activities and caloric intake was measured by 24 h recall questionnaire. The higher prevalence was for the Pro/Pro genotype (76.1% vs. 23.9% of Pro/Ala). Pro/Pro genotypic group showed significant higher mean values for body mass (BM) (p &lt; 0.03 for men and p &lt; 0.02 for women) and BMI (p &lt; 0.00 for men and p &lt; 0.02 for women) and %FAT (p &lt; 0.00), waist-hip ratio (WHR) (p &lt; 0.04), and visceral fat (VF) (p &lt; 0.00) only in men compared to Pro/Ala. Higher frequency of Pro/Pro was observed in the category indicating BMI (p &lt; 0.00 for men and p &lt; 0.03 for women), WRH (p &lt; 0.03 for men and p &lt; 0.00 for women), and %FAT (p &lt; 0.03) (in the latter case, only among men. It was also observed that the frequency of distribution of Pro/Ala in the eutrophic category of the BMI remained independent of all influencers, while WHR and %FAT were independent of the training load, but influenced by nutritional intake and age. In women, the frequency of Pro/Ala distribution at the lowest BMI and WHR values remained independent of all confounding variables. It is concluded that the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPARy2 gene consistently influences indicators of body composition and adiposity, regardless of the practitioners of physical training, but the relationship needs to be considered according to age and nutritional intake.

scholarly journals Assessment of Body Composition, Fat Mass, Fat-Free Mass and Percent of Body Fat among Rural School Children of Northeastern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Dali Dutta ◽  
Sarthak Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mean Differences

Recently recognized important indicators of body composition are fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and percent body fat (PBF). The aim of this cross-sectional study is to determine body composition of the pre-adolescent children by using FM, FFM, and PBF. This study was performed using data from 584 children (281 boys and 303 girls) aged 6–10 years of Ahom descent from upper Assam state, Northeast India. Four anthropometric measurements i.e. height, weight, skinfold at triceps (TSF) and sub-scapular (SSF) were taken to calculate FM, FFM, FMI, FFMI, PBF, PBF for age (PBFZ), body mass index(BMI). Age-specific mean values of FM ranged from 2.12–4.00 kg (boys) and 2.16–4.40 kg (girls) and the agespecific mean values of FFM ranged from 14.45–23.93 kg (boys) and 14.01–23.03 kg (girls). The highest PBF value was observed at the age of 6 years for both groups of the children while the lowest value was observed at the age of 10 years and 9 years for boys and girls respectively. Sex-specific mean differences between sexes were statistically significant in SSF, PBF, FM, and FMI. For future investigations in clinical and epidemiological studies, these results are very important as they can be used to identify the risk of lower or higher adiposity and body composition using PBF, FM, and FFM.

scholarly journals Differences in Body Composition among Patientsafter Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4170
Author(s):  
Jacek Wilczyński ◽  
Marta Mierzwa-Molenda ◽  
Natalia Habik-Tatarowska
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass

The aim of the study was to assess differences in the body composition of patients after hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. There were 74 male participants in the study, of which 13 (18%) experienced hemorrhagic stroke, while 61 (82%) were after ischemic stroke. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher values of body composition variables were noted for ischemic compared to hemorrhagic strokes, and concerned: body mass (BM) (kg), basal metabolic rate (BMR) (kJ), fat-free mass (FFM) (kg), total body water (TBW) (kg), muscle mass (MM) (kg), visceral fat level (VFL), bone mass (BoM) (kg), extracellular water(ECW) (kg),intracellular water (ICW) (kg), trunk fat-free mass (TFFM) (kg) and trunk muscle mass (TMM) (kg)in the paretic upper limb; FFM (kg) and MM (kg) in the non-paretic upper limb; FFM (kg) and MM (kg) in the paretic lower limbas well as FFM (kg) and MM (kg) in the non-paretic lower limb without paresis. Only for the variables fat mass (FM) (kg), body mass index (BMI), metabolic age (MA), trunk fat mass (TFM) (kg), and FM (kg) in the paretic upper limb and FM (kg) in the non-paretic upper limb were there no significant differences. Significant differences in body composition of patients after hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke have been demonstrated. Individuals after ischemic stroke had significantly worse body composition. Incorrect body composition is a significant risk factor, especially of ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Age-related Variations in Anthropometry, Body Composition and Nutritional Status among the Adult Kheria Sabar Males of Purulia, West Bengal, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Kaustav Das ◽  
Subrata Bagchi ◽  
Somosree Pal ◽  
Sayak Ganguli ◽  
Koel Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related

Undernutrition and ageing may have a significant effect on body composition. A cross sectional study was conducted to explore the age-related variations among different anthropometric and body composition characteristics amongst the adult Kheria Sabar males of Purulia district of West Bengal. From fifteen villages, 304 apparently healthy adult males aged 18–60 years were selected at random. Subjects were categorized into four age groups and standard anthropometric measurements were used like height (HT), weight (WT), mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) and skinfolds of biceps (BSF), triceps (TSF) and sub-scapular (SSSF) region. Derived variables of body mass index (BMI), per cent body fat (PBF), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were also calculated. Majority of the variables were found to be inversely correlated with age. Positive (HT, WT, MUAC, BMI, FFM and FFMI) and negative (FM and FMI) significant differences were observed across different age groups. It was also observed that the frequency of undernutrition (62.6%) was the highest among the elderly people with 47.6% overall prevalence. This study clearly indicates that among the undernourished individuals, older people were more vulnerable to malnutrition and thus immediate nutritional intervention is required.

Comparative assessment of odontometric parameters for gender determination: A hospital based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Mosmi Lomi ◽  
Jonathan Daniel M
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Maxillary Canine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Gender Determination ◽  
Significant Difference

Determining gender is one of the most important procedure in forensics. Teeth are made of the most enduring mineralized tissues in the body, as such, they have an extraordinary resistance to putrefaction and the effects of external agents (physical, thermal, mechanical, chemical or biological) which makes them invaluable material for anthropological, genetic, odontologic and forensic examinations.i)To assess the degree of sexual dimorphism in maxillary canine using maxillary canine index, maxillary first molar and central incisor using mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual/buccopalatal (BL) dimensions of the crown. ii) To determine the accuracy of maxillary canine index, first molar and central incisor dimensions (mesiodistal and buccolingual/buccopalatal) in determining sex.This study consisted of total 30 participants (males=15, females=15) of age group ranging from 20 to 35 yrs. Measurement of dimensions of selected teeth were performed on maxillary cast using digital Vernier caliper, resolution 0.01mm. Data thus obtained were analyzed statistically.The mean values of all the measurements in males were greater than females. There was statistical significant difference in mean value of bucco-lingual width of molar, mesiodistal width of canine (on left side, right side and average) and the inter-canine distance between males and females. The buccolingual width of molar showed the highest % of sexual dimorphism (5.33%) and the mesiodistal width of molar showed the least % of dimorphism (0.7%). Bucco-lingual width of molar posed the highest prediction accuracy for gender determination. We conclude that buccolingual width of maxillary first molar can be used to predict the gender when only teeth of maxillary arch are available for forensic examination.

scholarly journals Seasonal Body Composition Variation Amongst Elite European Professional Soccer Players: An Approach of Talent Identification

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Lee Owen ◽  
Carlos Lago-Peñas ◽  
Gordon Dunlop ◽  
Rouissi Mehdi ◽  
Moktar Chtara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Composition Profiles

AbstractThe primary aim of the investigation was to study the seasonal changes in body composition in elite European soccer players and identify key playing positional differences. Twenty-two players (age = 24 ± 3.7 years, body height = 180.45 ± 5.12 cm, body mass = 76.66 ± 5.34 kg) were tested. Players’ mass (kg), lean body mass (LBM), fat free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), muscle girths (MG) and sum of 8 skinfolds (mm) were measured across 5 time points (T0 = Start of pre-season training; T1 = End of pre-season training; T2 = Mid-season; T3 = End of mid-season break; T4 = End of season). Players were divided into their tactical positional roles for analysis. The specific positions they were divided into included defenders (n = 8), midfielders (n = 8) and forwards (n = 6). Assessment of training and matchplay exposure were also recorded. Sites-4, Sites-7, Sites-8 and Fat Mass decreased dramatically from T0 to T1 and T2 in all playing positions (p < 0.01), while no remarkable differences were found between T2, T3 and T4. Except for defenders, calf girth and lean mass were higher in T2, T3 and T4 compared to T0 and T1 (p < 0.01). Midfielders were found to be leaner than forwards and defenders in all data collection time point sessions. Defenders showed higher values in calf girth and lean body mass than midfielders and forwards. It can be concluded from this investigation that there are large variances n positional body composition profiles amongst professional European soccer players. Furthermore, significant changes are prevalent and occur across the season from LBM, FFM, MG and skinfold assessment amongst European elite level soccer players.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document