In-Situ Synthesis and Property Evaluation of High-Density Polyethylene Reinforced Groundnut Shell Particulate Composite

In-situ synthesis of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced groundnut shell particulate (GSP) composite with treated GSP within the range of 10-30 wt% at 10 wt% has been achieved. The adopted technique used in the production of the composite is melt mixing and compounding using two roll mills with a compression moulding machine. Properties such as hardness, tensile strength, impact energy and water absorption analysis were examined. The result revealed that addition of GSP increases the hardness value from 22.3 to 87 Hv. However, the tensile strength progressively decreased as the GSP increases in the HDPE. This trend arises due to the interaction between neighbouring reinforced particulate which appears to influence the matrix flow, thereby inducing embrittlement of the polymer matrix. It was also observed that water absorption rate steadily increased with an increase in the exposure time and the absorbed amount of water increases by increasing the wt% of the GSP. Analysing the obtained results, it was concluded that there were improvements in the hardness, tensile strength, impact energy and water absorption properties of the HDPE-GSP polymer composite when compared to unreinforced HDPE. On these premises, GSP was found as a promising reinforcement which can positively influence the HDPE properties of modern composites.

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Effects of Epoxidized Nature Rubber on High Density Polyethylene/Recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber/Banana Skin Powder Composites

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.201 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 754-755 ◽

pp. 201-204

Author(s):

Ragunathan Santiagoo ◽

Sam Sung Ting ◽

Azlinda Abdul Ghani ◽

Hanafi Ismail ◽

Awiezan Mislan

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

High Density ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Rotor Speed ◽

Melt Mixing ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽

Twin Screw ◽

Powder Composites

The compatibilizer effect of ENR-50 on the tensile properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBRr)/banana skin powder (BSP)/ composites has been studies. HDPE/NBRr/BSP composites were prepared by melt mixing technique using twin-screw at 180 °C for 9 minutes at rotor speed 50 rpm. The six different composites studied were 100/0/5, 80/20/5, 70/30/5, 60/40/5, 50/50/5, and 40/60/5. As for compatibilized composite a fix 5 wt% of ENR-50 was evaluated. The specimens were analysed for tensile strength and elongation at break (Eb). The results showed that tensile strength and the elongation at break were decreases with the increasing of NBRr loading. However for ENR-50 compatibilized composites, higher tensile strength and elongation at break was recorded. The ENR-50 was found to be an excellent compatibilizer for HDPE/NBRr/BSP composites.

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The Effects of Fibre Contents on the Tensile Strength and Surface Morphology of High Density Polyethylene/Palm Pressed Fibre Biocomposite Film

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.48 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 695 ◽

pp. 48-51

Author(s):

Aris Noor Fatheyah ◽

A. Majid Rohah ◽

Mohamad Darus Mohana Hasniza ◽

Wan Hassan Wan Hasamuddin

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Surface Morphology ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Continuous Phase ◽

High Density ◽

Compression Moulding ◽

Palm Pressed Fibre ◽

Plastic Resin ◽

Biocomposite Film

Palm pressed fibre (PPF) with particle size of 200 micron was utilized as a filler to produce environment friendly biocomposite film. PPF contains 5-6% oil residue after the oil extraction process and the oil can be used as a lubricant to assist the distribution of PPF throughout the matrix of plastic resin during processing. In this study, high density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic resin was incorporated with untreated PPF at four different weight percentages namely, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%. Each mixture was compounded via twin screw extruder prior to compression moulding into film sheets with thickness of 0.15mm. Maleic anhydride (MAH) and glycerol were used as compatibilizer and plasticizing agents. The effect of PPF loading on the tensile strength and the surface morphology were the main interest. It was found that by increasing the PPF contents had increased the stiffness of the films but reduced the tensile strength and elongation at break due to weak interfacial adhesion between HDPE matrix and PPF. This was probably due to insufficient amount of MAH to compatabilize the increasing amount of PPF, thus resulting non-uniform PPF distribution across the HDPE matrix. The findings were supported by SEM micrographs which showed rough surface and the disruption of the continuous phase of HDPE matrix, thus weakening the strength and flexibility of the samples. HDPE/PPF biocomposite has a potential to be used in agriculture sectors such as mulching film.

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Comparative study of flexural and physical properties of graphite-filled immiscible polypropylene/epoxy and high-density polyethylene/epoxy blends

Polymers and Polymer Composites ◽

10.1177/09673911211047027 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 096739112110470

Author(s):

Oluwaseun Ayotunde Alo ◽

Iyiola Olatunji Otunniyi

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Interfacial Adhesion ◽

Flexural Modulus ◽

High Density ◽

Flexural Properties ◽

Melt Mixing ◽

Synthetic Graphite ◽

Epoxy Blends ◽

Scanning Electron

Polypropylene/epoxy/synthetic graphite (PP/EP/SG) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE/EP/SG) composites were prepared by melt mixing followed by compression molding. The immiscibility of the polyolefins with epoxy was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed that HDPE/EP blend exhibits inferior interfacial adhesion between the component polymers compared to PP/EP blend. Also, the effect of SG content on flexural properties, density, moldability, water absorption, and porosity of the PP/EP/SG and HDPE/EP/SG composites was investigated. For both PP/EP/SG and HDPE/EP/SG composites, flexural modulus, density, and porosity increased with increase in SG content. For PP/EP/SG composites, the water absorption decreased from 0.154% at 30 wt% SG to 0.072% at 70 wt% SG. Further increase in SG content to 80 wt% caused an increase in water absorption. On the other hand, water absorption for HDPE/EP/SG increased with SG content all through. At the same filler loadings, PP/EP/SG composites showed lower density and porosity and performed better in terms of flexural modulus and water absorption compared to HDPE/EP/SG composites.

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Effects of PMDI Modified on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Silvergrass Reinforced High Density Polyethylene Composites

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.38 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 750-752 ◽

pp. 38-42

Author(s):

Wang Wang Yu ◽

Juan Li ◽

Yun Ping Cao

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

High Density ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Wood Plastic Composites ◽

Plastic Composites ◽

Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate

In this study, the silvergrass (SV) was used to reinforce HDPE composites. The effects of polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) content, slivergrass fibers content on the mechanical, water absortion of wood plastic composites (WPCs) were investigated. It was found that the mechanical properties of the SV reinforced HDPE composites can be improved by PMDI treatment. The highest tensile strength and flexural strength of the composites can be reached with 50% SV contents at the SV: PMDI=6:1. It has been proved that the hydroxyl groups of SV fibers which can react with the-NCO by FTIR. It also can be concluded that the water absorption of PMDI treated WPCs was lower than untreated ones.

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Preparation of High-Density Polyethylene/Exfoliated Graphite Composite via a New Method of in Situ Synthesis–Thermal Expansion and Determination of Antistatic Performance

Journal of Low Temperature Physics ◽

10.1007/s10909-010-0194-3 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 160 (5-6) ◽

pp. 240-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jihui Li ◽

Yang Xu ◽

Mei Li ◽

Caili Mi ◽

Jing Li

Keyword(s):

Thermal Expansion ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

In Situ Synthesis ◽

High Density ◽

New Method ◽

Exfoliated Graphite ◽

Graphite Composite

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Effect of inorganic nanofillers on the impact behavior and fracture probability of industrial high-density polyethylene nanocomposite

Journal of Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0021998317746477 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (18) ◽

pp. 2431-2442 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Harun Sepet ◽

Necmettin Tarakcioglu ◽

RDK Misra

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Fracture Probability ◽

High Density ◽

Impact Behavior ◽

Inorganic Filler ◽

Melt Mixing ◽

The Impact ◽

Scanning Electron

The main purpose of this work is to study how the morphology of nanofillers and dispersion and distribution level of inorganic nanofiller influence the impact behavior and fracture probability of inorganic filler filled industrial high-density polyethylene nanocomposites. For this study, nanoclay and nano-CaCO3 fillers–high-density polyethylene mixings (0, 1, 3, 5 wt.% high-density polyethylene) was prepared by melt-mixing method using a compounder system. The impact behavior was examined by charpy impact test, scanning electron microscopy, and probability theory and statistics. The level of the dispersion was characterized with scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The results showed rather good dispersion of both of inorganic nanofiller, with a mixture of exfoliated and confined morphology. The results indicated that the impact strength of the industrial nanocomposite decreased with the increase of inorganic particulate content. The impact reliability of the industrial nanocomposites depends on the type of nanofillers and their dispersion and distribution in the matrix.

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ChemInform Abstract: In situ Synthesis of High Density Magnetic Ferrite Spinel (MgFe2O4) Compacts Using a Mixture of Conventional Raw Materials and Waste Iron Oxide.

ChemInform ◽

10.1002/chin.201012027 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Y. M. Z. Ahmed ◽

E. M. M. Ewais ◽

Z. I. Zaki

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Raw Materials ◽

In Situ Synthesis ◽

High Density ◽

Ferrite Spinel

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Resistance Welding Process Development and Optimization for Recycled High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

Volume 15: Advances in Multidisciplinary Engineering ◽

10.1115/imece2015-52012 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Peter F. Baumann ◽

Lucas Sendrowski

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Response Surface ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Heating Temperature ◽

Base Material ◽

Heating Time ◽

High Density ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Initial Testing ◽

Hot Plate Welding

Large recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) structural members, difficult to manufacture by extrusion processes, have been created by the hot plate welding of simple plastic lumber sections. Hot plate welding generates better joint strength than any other welding method currently employed in plastic manufacturing. However, to achieve the desired temperature of the thick plate to melt the polymer uniformly, the process needs a high amount of heat energy requiring furnace (or resistance) heating of a considerable mass. A new method which could combine the heating element and a thin plate into one source could be more efficient in terms of heat loss and thus energy used. The premise of this investigation is to replace the hot plate with a very thin piece of high resistance nickel-chromium alloy ribbon to localize the application of heat within a plastic weld joint in order to reduce energy loss and its associated costs. This resistance ribbon method uses electrical current to reach an adequate temperature to allow for the welding of the HDPE plastic. The ribbon is only slightly larger than the welding surface and very thin to reduce the loss of excess heat through unused surface area and thick sides. The purpose of this project was to weld recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) using resistance welding and to match the tensile strength results considered acceptable in industry for hot plate welding, that is, equal to or greater than 80% of the base material strength. Information obtained through literature review and previous investigations in our laboratories established welding (heating) temperature and time as testing factors. Designed experimentation considered these factors in optimizing the process to maximize the weld tensile strength. A wide-ranging full-factorial experimental design using many levels was created for the initial testing plan. Tensile strengths obtained after welding under the various condition combinations of weld temperature and time revealed a region of higher strength values in the response surface. After the wide-range initial testing, the two control parameters, heating temperature and heating time, were ultimately set up in a focused Face Centered Cubic (FCC) Response Surface Method (RSM) testing design and the tensile strength response was then analyzed using statistical software. The results obtained indicated a strong correlation between heating time and heating temperature with strength. All welded samples in the final testing set exhibited tensile strength of over 90% base material, meeting the goal requirements. A full quadratic equation relationship for tensile strength as a function of welding time and temperature was developed and the maximum tensile strength was achieved when using 280°C for 60 seconds.

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