THE CLINICAL COURSE OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PECULIARITIES IN MEN UNDER 60 YEARS OLD WITH RECURRENT EPISODES OF ISCHEMIA

Author(s):  
Gordienko A.V. ◽  
Epifanov S.Yu. ◽  
Sotnikov A.V.

Relevance. Recurrent myocardial infarction and early postinfarction angina negatively affects on the prognosis of myocardial infarction. Aim. To evaluate myocardial infarction clinical features in men under 60 years old with recurrent myocardial infarction and early postinfarction angina to improve prevention and outcomes. Material and methods. The study included men aged 19-60 years old with type I myocardial infarction. Patients are divided into two age-comparable groups: I - the study group, with recurrent myocardial infarction - 79 patients; II - control, without it - 432 patients. A comparative assessment of the myocardial infarction clinical features frequency in selected groups were performed. Results. The studied groups did not differ in the frequency of the main variants of the myocardial infarction course. In patients of the study group more often than in the control group, a complicated course of the disease was observed (88.2 and 50.2%, respectively; p < 0.0001), deaths (13.6 and 3.4%; p < 0.0001). Complications in the study group were dominated by arrhythmias (47.3 and 33.7%; p = 0.007), cardiogenic shock (13.6 and 6.1%; p = 0.006), myocardial ruptures (3.6 and 0.5% ; p = 0.004), thromboembolism (15.5 and 2.2%; p <0.0001), urinary dysfunction (7.3 and 2.5%; p = 0.01), Dressler's syndrome (4.5 and 1.1%; p = 0.009) and mental disorders (16.4 and 5.6%; p < 0.0001). Conclusions. Nonanginal forms of the disease in the study group were observed in 17% of cases. The complications of the disease for group I are characterized by cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disorders, thromboembolism, myocardial ruptures, cardiogenic shock, extracardiac complications of myocardial infarction. The study group has a worse prognosis, which requires early diagnosis, revascularization, the use of auxiliary mechanical devices, and careful implementation of standardized treatment algorithms.

Author(s):  
Golikov A.V. ◽  
Epifanov S.Yu. ◽  
Reiza V.A.

Relevance. Dyslipidemia is considered one of the main risk factors for the development of recurrent myocardial infarction and early postinfarction angina. Aim. To evaluate the features of lipid metabolism in acute and subacute myocardial infarction in men under 60 years old with recurrent episodes of ischemia (recurrent myocardial infarction and/or early postinfarction angina) to search for new approaches to improve prevention measures. Material and methods. The study included men aged 19-60 years old with type I myocardial infarction. Patients are divided into two age-comparable groups: I - the study group, with recurrent myocardial infarction - 68 patients; II - control, without it - 427 patients. A comparative assessment of lipid metabolism parameters and their dynamics in selected groups were performed. Results. The study group differed in higher levels of total serum cholesterol (6.17±1.78 mmol/l) from the control group (5.56±1.28 mmol/l; p=0.02) at the end of the third week of disease, its dynamics during the observation period (I: 9.1%; p<0.0001; II: -1.8%; p<0.0001) and the dynamics of the atherogenic coefficient (I: -4.7.1; p=0.02; II: 6.3%; p<0.0001). In both groups, the group showed an increase in lipoproteins of low (I: 33.1; p=0.02; II: 45.5%; p<0.0001) and very low density (I: 275.8; p=0,0004; II: 233.4%; p<0.0001), atherogenic indices, decrease: triglycerides (I: -31.8%; p=0.02; II: -1.7%; p<0.0001) and high-density lipoproteins (I: -0.6%; p=0.02; II: -6.1%; p<0.0001). Conclusions. The group with recurrent ischemia is characterized by more pronounced hypercholesterolemia at the end of the subacute period of myocardial infarction in comparison with the control group due to an increase in the concentrations of atherogenic lipid metabolism fractions. The dynamics of indices and the coefficient of atherogenicity during this period is multidirectional, which requires additional study.


Author(s):  
Balabanov A.S. ◽  
Epifanov S.Yu. ◽  
Reiza V.A.

Relevance. Heart arrhythmia in early postinfarction angina and recurrent myocardial infarction is negatively affected the prognosis of the disease. Aim. To evaluate the peculiarities of heart rhythm and conduction disturbances and electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in men under 60 years old with early postinfarction angina and recurrent myocardial infarction for improve prevention and outcomes. Material and methods. The study included men aged 19-60 years old with myocardial infarction type I. Patients were divided into two age-comparable groups: I - study group with recurrent episodes of ischemia (early postinfarction angina pectoris and / or recurrent MI) - 110 patients; II - control, without them - 555 patients. A comparative assessment of heart arrhythmias and electrocardiographic changes observation frequency in the selected groups was performed. Results. In the patients of the study group more often than among all other patients, ventricular fibrillation was observed (8.5 and 3.9%, respectively; p = 0.04), paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (5.7 and 1.8%; p = 0.02) and electrocardiographic signs of the right atrium enlargement (9.4 and 1.6%; p ˂ 0.0001). In group I, among the deceased, electrocardiographic signs of left ventricular hypertrophy were more often detected (93.3 and 57.9%; p = 0.02). Arrhythmias that started in the subacute period of myocardial infarction were recorded with the same frequency in both groups of patients (1.4 and 1.6%; p = 0.9). Conclusions. Men under 60 years old with recurrent episodes of ischemia in myocardial infarction are characterized by potentially curable ventricular fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardias. Electrocardiographic signs of left ventricular enlargement were an additional marker of a poor prognosis for these patients. The frequency of occurrence of "late" arrhythmias in this pathology is 1.4%, and the methods of their possible correction require clarification depending on the mechanism of their development.


Author(s):  
Gordienko A.V. ◽  
Balabanov A.S. ◽  
Biyaliev E.K.

Relevance. Mortality in cardiogenic shock remains high. Aim. To evaluate the structure of cardiovascular risk factors features in men under 50 years old with myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock, in order to improve the prevention of this complication. Material and methods. The study included men 19-50 years old with type I myocardial infarction. The patients were divided into two age-comparable groups: I - the study group, with cardiogenic shock - seven patients; II - control, without it - 202 patients. A comparative analysis of the of cardiovascular risk factors structure in the selected groups and a risk analysis (ANOVA) of the development of cardiogenic shock were performed. Results. In the study group, the predominance of renal dysfunction (100 and 10.3%, respectively; p=0.004), alcohol abuse (71.4 and 35.2%; p=0.049), the presence of atrial fibrillation (57.1 and 5,0%; p˂0.0001), urolithiasis 28.6 and 6.4%; p=0.001), cholelithiasis 14.3 and 5.5%; p=0.001 and gout 14.3 and 0.5%; p=0.001) in history. In the control group, a history of unstable angina pectoris was more often recorded (0 and 38.1%; p=0.04). When assessing the risks, in addition to those listed, smoking 20 cigarettes per day, a decrease in lipid metabolism indicators (very low density lipoproteins 0.36 mmol/l, low density 2.7 mmol/l, cholesterol˂3,8 mmol/l, triglycerides 1.2 mmol/l, cholesterol/high density lipoproteins˂4.63), creatinine≥140 μmol/l in combination with overweight (≥96.0 kg and Quetelet index ≥31,0 kg/m2) and age (≥48 years). Conclusions. The listed factors can be used in the formation of high-risk groups for observation and timely implementation of the necessary treatment as well as for prognostic modeling of cardiogenic shock.


Author(s):  
Tupitsyn V.V. ◽  
Bataev Kh.M. ◽  
Men’shikova A.N. ◽  
Godina Z.N.

Relevance. Information about the cardiovascular diseases risk factors (CVD RF) for in men with chronic lung inflam-matory pathology (CLID) is contradictory and requires clarification. Aim. To evaluate the peculiarities of CVD RF in men under 60 years of age with CLID in myocardial infarction (MI) to improve prevention. Material and methods. The study included men aged 19-60 years old with type I myocardial infarction. Patients are divided into two age-comparable groups: I - the study group, with CLID - 142 patients; II - control, without it - 424 patients. A comparative analysis of the frequency of observation of the main and additional cardiovascular risk fac-tors in groups was performed. Results. In patients of the study group, more often than in the control group we observed: hereditary burden of is-chemic heart disease (40.8 and 31.6%, respectively; p = 0.0461) and arterial hypertension (54.2 and 44.6%; p = 0.0461), frequent colds (24.6 and 12.0%; p = 0.0003), a history of extrasystoles (19.7 and 12.7%; p = 0.04); chronic foci of infections of internal organs (75.4 and 29.5%; p˂0.0001), non-ulcer lesions of the digestive system (26.1 and 14.6%; p = 0.007), smoking (95.1 and 66.3%; p˂0.0001), MI in winter (40.8 and 25.9%; p = 0.006). Less commonly were observed: oral cavity infections (9.2 and 23.6%; p˂0.0001); hypodynamia (74.5 and 82.5%; p = 0.0358), over-weight (44.4 and 55.2%; p = 0.0136), a subjective relationship between the worsening of the course of coronary heart disease and the season of the year (43.7 and 55.2%; p = 0.0173) and MI - in the autumn (14.1 and 21.9%; p = 0.006) period. Conclusions. The structure of CVD RF in men under 60 years of age with CLID with MI is characterized by the pre-dominance of smoking, non-ulcer pathology of the digestive system, frequent pro-student diseases, meteorological dependence, a history of cardiac arrhythmias and foci of internal organ infections. It is advisable to use the listed factors when planning preventive measures in such patients.


Author(s):  
Golikov A.V. ◽  
Epifanov S.Yu. ◽  
Reiza V.A.

Relevance. Recurrent myocardial infarction and early postinfarction angina negatively effects on the prognosis of myocardial infarction. Aim. To evaluate myocardial infarction sodium, potassium, chlorides, calcium metabolism, features in men under 60 years old with recurrent myocardial infarction and early postinfarction angina to improve prevention and outcomes. Material and methods. The study included men aged 19-60 years old with type I myocardial infarction. Patients are divided into two age-comparable groups: I - the study group, with recurrent myocardial infarction - 110 patients; II - control, without it - 555 patients. A comparative analysis of blood serum electrolyte levels, their dynamics from the first hours to the end of the third week of myocardial infarction in the selected groups were performed. Their impact on the risk of recurrent ischemia and unfavorable outcome was assessed. Results. In the study group, in the first hours of the disease, the levels of chloride were higher (103.7±5.5 and 101.7±4.7 (mmol/l); p=0.002), and total calcium at the end of the third week of myocardial infarction (2.3±0.2 mmol/l) - lower than in the control (2.46±0.16; p=0.001). With an unfavorable outcome in the study group, the sodium level was lower in the first hours of the disease (138.7±4.9 and 142.7±6.6 (mmol/l); p=0.049). Moreover, the risk of its development was associated with sodium levels ≥148.0 mmol/l (absolute risk: 100.0%; relative - 13.8; p<0.0001) and potassium levels ≥5.3 mmol/l (absolute: 71,4%; relative - 12.4; p<0.0001). The risk of developing recurrent episodes of ischemia in the examined increased at chloride levels ≥104.7 mmol/l (absolute: 28.4%; relative: 3.1; p=0.0001) and sodium ≥139.0 mmol/l (absolute: 19.5%; relative: 1.7; p=0.03) in the first hours of myocardial infarction and calcium (<2.4 mmol/l) at the end of the third week of the disease (absolute: 31.0%; relative: 4.9; p=0.003). Conclusions. The listed combinations of levels of basic electrolytes in blood serum are markers of recurrence of ischemia in myocardial infarction and poor outcome. They should be used to identify risk groups with the necessary preventive measures and for predictive modeling.


Author(s):  
Gordienko A.V. ◽  
Golikov A.V. ◽  
Tassybayev B.B. ◽  
Reiza V.A.

Relevance. The role of hemodynamic changes in myocardial infarction complicated by acute kidney injury is interpreted in different ways. Aim. To evaluate the heart chambers and structures peculiarities in men under 60 years old with myocardial infarction complicated by acute kidney injury to improve prevention and outcomes. Material and methods. The study included men 19-60 years old with type I myocardial infarction. The patients were divided into two age-comparable groups: I - study group, with acute kidney injury - 25 patients; II - control, without it - 366 patients. A comparative assessment of the heart chambers and structures parameters in the first 48 hours (1) and at the end of the third week of the disease (2), their dynamics, also acute kidney injury development risk analysis (ANOVA) were performed. Results. The study group differed from the control group in smaller sizes of the left atrium2 (38.1±6.0 and 42.0±5.4 (mm), respectively; p=0.01), a higher frequency of the middle anterior (100 and 15.6%; p=0.02) and antero-septal (100 and 17.7; p=0.04) segments akinesia and the absence (0 and 81.5%; p=0.04) of tricuspid regurgitation. In the study group, there was a smaller increase in the ventricles size than in the control group (left: 0.6 and 1.7%, respectively; right: 15.3 and 33.6%) and a greater decrease in the atria size, compared in the control group (left: -1.8 and -25.3%; right: -25.3 and -0.1%) (p<0.0001). The risk markers of the acute kidney injury developing were the dimensions of the left atrium1˂34 mm, interventricular septum≥12.0 mm, end systolic1≥4.23 and diastolic1≥5.3 of the left ventricle, right ventricle1˂2.6; of the right atrium1≥4.7 (cm), the mass of the left ventricle1≥328.8 g. Conclusions. Men under 60 years old with acute kidney injury in myocardial infarction are characterized by lesions of the middle anterior and antero-septal segments, the absence of tricuspid regurgitation, and a smaller left atrium in the subacute period of the disease. The above of the heart chambers dimensions values should be used in the high-risk groups for the acute kidney injury development formation, as well as for prognostic modeling.


Author(s):  
Balabanov A.S. ◽  
Tupitcyn V.V. ◽  
Tassybayev B.B.

Relevance. Acute kidneys injury (AKI) negatively affects the prognosis of myocardial infarction (MI). Aim. To evaluate MI clinical features (CF) in men under 60 years old (y.o.) with AKI during MI to improve prevention and outcomes. Material and methods. The study included men aged 19-60 years old with type I MI. Patients are divided into two age-comparable groups: I - the study group, with ACI - 25 patients; II - control, without it - 486 patients. A comparative assessment of the MI CF frequency in selected groups were performed. Results. In patients of the study group more often than in the control group, a combination of MI complications (64.0 and 36.9%; respectively; p = 0.009), psychic disorders (20.0 and 6.9%; p = 0.01), chronic heart failure (CHF) of the second functional class and above (NYHA) at the end of the eighth MI week (72.0 and 43.2%; p = 0.005), with a predominance of newly diagnosed CHF forms (36.0 and 28.0%; p = 0.006). In the study group, less often than in the control group, pulmonary hypertension was noted in the first 48 hours of MI (44.0 and 66.0%; p = 0.02) and at the end of the third MI week (38.1 and 60.3%; p = 0.04). Conclusions. There were no specific clinical signs of AKI in men under 60 y.o. with MI. At the same time, the study group has the worst prognosis during the observation period in terms of the frequency of MI complications combinations and CHF, which requires the start of prophylactic therapy from the moment of AKI verification.


2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Al’farabi S. Izmuhanov ◽  
Aleksandr V. Gordienko

AIM: Myocardial rupture currently remains in most cases a fatal complication of myocardial infarction. OBJECTIVE: To study the features of the structure of cardiovascular risk factors in men under 60 years old with complicated myocardial infarction to improve prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included men 1960 years old with type I myocardial infarction. The patients were divided into two groups age-comparable: I studied, with myocardial rupture seven patients; II control, without breaks 558 patients. A comparative analysis of the frequency of observation of the main and additional factors of cardiovascular risk in the selected groups was performed. RESULTS OF THE STUDY: In the patients of the study group, frequent (four or more times a year) colds were observed more often than in the control group (42.9 and 14.8%, respectively; p = 0.04), the internal organs foci of infections (85.7 and 40.3%; p = 0.049), bypass surgery (57.1 and 10.2%; p 0.0001) and continuous cardiac pacing (28.6 and 0.5%; p 0.0001) in medical history. The presence of arterial hypertension (28.5 and 67.6%; p = 0.03) and foci of oral cavity infections (0 and 20.3%; p = 0.049) reduced the risk of myocardial rupture. In the study group, the levels of total cholesterol (4.3 0.3 and 5.8 1.2 mmol/l); p = 0.02), low-density lipoproteins (2.7 0.1 and 4.2 1.2 mmol/l); p = 0.04) and triglycerides (0.7 0.1 and 2.6 1.8 mmol/l); p = 0.008) were lower than in the control. CONCLUSION: Combinations of these cardiovascular risk factors indicate an increased risk of myocardial rupture. It is advisable to use them for predictive modeling of this event and the formation of risk groups for the purpose of timely prevention, (bibliography: 18 refs.).


Author(s):  
Gordienko A.V. ◽  
Epifanov S.Yu. ◽  
Tassybayev B.B.

Relevance. Changes in renal function and their significance in reinfarction and early postinfarction angina have not been insufficiently established. Aim. To evaluate renal function changes in men under 60 years old with recurrent myocardial infarction and early postinfarction angina to improve prevention and outcomes. Material and methods. The study included men aged 19-60 years old with type I myocardial infarction. Patients are divided into two age-comparable groups: I - the study group, with recurrent myocardial infarction and/or early postinfarction angina - 110 patients; II - control, without it - 555 patients. A comparative assessment of renal function changes in first 48 hours (1) and the end of third week disease (2), also risk analysis of recurrent ischemia and poor outcome in selected groups were performed. Results. The study group was distinguished by high levels of creatinine1 (0.11±0.03 (mmol/l)), lower - glomerular filtration rate (74.2±20.6 (ml/min/1.73 m2)) from the control (0.10±0.02 (mmol/l) and 78.3±17.9 (ml/min/1.73 m2), respectively; p=0.04). In both groups, there was a deterioration in indicators (creatinine, I: 2.3%; II: 5.9%; glomerular filtration rate - I: -5.8 and -6.3%, respectively; p<0.0001) during the observation period. The risk of recurrent ischemia increases with creatinine1 levels≥0.11 mmol/l and a glomerular filtration rate1˂70 ml/min/1.73 m2. In the study group, the risk of poor outcome is high with normal renal function. In the control group, it increased at creatinine1 levels≥0.10 mmol/l, glomerular filtration rate1˂65 ml/min/1.73 m2. Conclusions. Patients with recurrent ischemia have higher creatinine levels than controls. In both groups, during the study, there was a slight increase in creatinine and a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. The above values of renal function indices should be used in the formation of groups at high risk of early recurrence of ischemia and poor outcomes, as well as for predictive modeling of these complications.


Author(s):  
Gordienko A.V. ◽  
Nosovich D.V. ◽  
Tassybayev B.B.

Relevance. Hemodynamics changes in myocardial infarction complicated by acute kidney injury are interpreted in different ways. Aim. To evaluate peripheral hemodynamics changes in men under 60 years old with myocardial infarction complicated by acute kidney injury to improve prevention and outcomes. Material and methods. The study included men 19-60 years old with type I myocardial infarction. The patients were divided into two age-comparable groups: I - study group, with acute kidney injury - 25 patients; II - control, without it - 486 patients. A comparative assessment of circulation indices changes in first 48 hours (1) and the end of third week disease (2), their dynamics, also acute kidney injury development risk analysis (ANOVA) were performed. Results. The study group differed from the control group in lower values of heart rate1 (66.3±12.2 and 75.8±18.8 (bpm), respectively; p=0.003) and higher - arterial pressure, systolic1 (155.6±24.0 and 139.5±28.9 (mm Hg); p=0.006), diastolic1 (98.0 ± 16.0 and 86.6 ± 18.9 (mm Hg); p = 0.002), mean1 (117.2±17.6 and 104.3±21.3 (mm Hg); p=0.001). In the study group compared in the control group, there was a greater decrease in blood pressure (mean: -18.3 and -8.3%, respectively) and total peripheral resistance (-33.5 and -26.3%) (p<0.0001). The risk markers of the acute kidney injury development were the mean arterial pressure1≥106.7, systolic1≥140.0, diastolic1≥90.0 (mm Hg) and heart rate1˂66 bpm. Conclusions. Men under 60 years old with acute kidney injury in myocardial infarction are characterized by arterial hypertension and bradycardia in the first hours of the disease, as well as more pronounced decline dynamics of blood pressure and total peripheral resistance at the end of its subacute period. The listed above values of the circulation parameters should be used in the high-risk groups for the acute kidney injury development formation, as well as prognostic modeling.


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