scholarly journals Water Infiltration and Surface Runoff in Steep Clayey Soils of Olive Groves under Different Management Practices

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Bombino ◽  
Pietro Denisi ◽  
Josè Gómez ◽  
Demetrio Zema
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Olive Groves

When olive groves are cultivated on clayey soils with steep gradients, as in many Mediterranean areas, reducing the runoff and soil erosion rates by adopting proper soil management practices is imperative. A soil cover by pruning residues may represent an alternative to the commonly adopted mechanical tillage. This study evaluates the water infiltration rates and surface runoff volumes in a steep and clayey olive grove of Southern Italy. These hydrological variables are measured at the plot scale under four soil management practices (mechanical tillage, total artificial protection of soil and soil cover with two different rates of vegetal residues). The measurements have been carried out using a rainfall simulator under dry (undisturbed) and wet (that is, on soils disturbed by intense rainfall) conditions. The mechanical tillage leads to lower water infiltration rates and higher runoff production. The retention of a soil cover by vegetal residues (in the range 3.5–17.5 tons/ha of dry matter) reduces the runoff rate on average by 30%, mainly because of the increased soil infiltration rates (over 100%, compared to mechanical tillage). After soil disturbance due to antecedent rainfall, the runoff generation capacity of a soil disturbed by a heavy precipitation significantly increased compared to undisturbed soils because of the decrease in soil infiltration rates. Overall, the retention of vegetal residues over the soil may be advisable to reduce surface runoff generation rates, particularly for saturated soils.

scholarly journals Soil water infiltration under different land use conditions: in situ tests and modeling

RBRH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moisés Furtado Failache ◽  
Lázaro Valentin Zuquette
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Model Accuracy ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Infiltration Model ◽  
Infiltration Rates

ABSTRACT The efficiency and suitability of different models to estimate infiltration rates in Ferralic Arenosols and Rhodic Ferralsols in southern Brazil are evaluated in this paper. The influence of nine types of land use and soil management practices on infiltration modeling is also assessed. Model parameterization was performed fitting 42 experimental infiltration curves obtained by in situ tests with a double-ring infiltrometer. Soil characterization was also performed in laboratory. The results were assessed using basic statistical descriptors and model accuracy indicators (Nash and Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient and root mean square error). The investigated models satisfactorily simulated the infiltration rates and the most accurate model was modified Kostiakov, followed by the Horton; Singh and Yu; modified Holtan; Holtan; Philip; Green and Ampt/Mein and Larson and Kostiakov. Different types of land uses and soil management practices significantly affect the infiltration rates, mainly those combination with great presence of macroporosity that resulted in an erratic infiltration behavior and affected the infiltration model accuracy.

scholarly journals The Peranan Pergerakan Air Dalam-Tanah dalam Menurunkan Aliran Permukaan

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-300
Author(s):  
Enni Dwi Wahjunie ◽  
Dwi Putro Tejo Baskoro ◽  
Suria Darma Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Infiltration Capacity

The main cause of flooding and erosion that creates critical land in various regions in Indonesia is surface runoff. The surface runoff will occur if rainfall exceeds the capacity of soil water absorption (infiltration capacity). The soil management of each land use could improve the infiltration capacity. The water movement both on the surface and in the soil determines the water infiltration. This study predicts surface runoff based on the infiltration rate of various land uses and rainfall in the Ciliwung Watershed. A series of studies were performed in the upstream and middle areas of the watershed. Observations of soil properties, water movement, and rainfall were carried out in various dry land uses. The results showed that the soil's physical properties mostly determine the constant infiltration rate, which affected the water movement in the ground. The initial water content, the degree of saturation of the initial moisture content, and the soil's physical properties determine the time of constant infiltration rate. The value of constant rate infiltration and the time of its achievement define the amount of surface runoff that occurs. Keywords: hydraulic conductivity, run off, soil management, time achievement of infiltration capacity

Topsoil structure in no-tilled soils in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina

Soil Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Alvarez ◽  
M. A. Taboada ◽  
S. Perelman ◽  
H. J. M. Morrás
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
No Till ◽  
Crop Root

Some topsoil physical properties evolve unfavourably under continuous, no-till farming. On the Pampa, loam soils under no-till sometimes have lower infiltration rates than those conventionally tilled; this is due to the occurrence of platy and massive structures. In this study, we aimed to identify the soil management practices that promote platy structure formation, and explain the soil physical behaviour linked to the thickness of platy structures in relation to infiltration rate, bulk density and shear strength. Six fields with different numbers of years under agriculture and diverse previous crops (maize or wheat–soybean double crop) were sampled, distinguishing within each field headlands (areas with higher traffic) and centre (lower traffic). Twenty samples were taken at random along a 200-m transect to characterise soil structure (platy, granular or massive) and the thickness of the platy structure. Principal component analysis revealed linkages between previous crop and location in each field and type of structure. ANOVA showed a significant (P < 0.05) interaction of previous crop × location. The frequency and thickness of the platy structures were lower, and those of granular structures higher, under wheat–soybean double cropping and in the centre of the field. Greater thickness of the platy structure determined lower water infiltration rate (r = –0.337; P < 0.01) and greater soil shear strength (r = 0.297, P < 0.01). Micromorphological analysis indicated the dominance of massive and platy structure in the headlands and bioturbation in the centre of the fields with wheat–soybean double cropping. These results suggest bioturbation, crop-root binding and low machinery traffic as the main factors minimising soil evolution towards unfavourable structural types under no-till farming in the area.

scholarly journals Improving soil and water conservation and ecosystem services by sustainable soil management practices: From a global to an Italian soil partnership

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Filiberto Altobelli ◽  
Ronald Vargas ◽  
Giuseppe Corti ◽  
Carmelo Dazzi ◽  
Luca Montanarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Sustainable Soil Management ◽  
Soil And Water

The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) identify the need to restore degraded soils in order to improve productivity and the provision of ecosystem services. The aim is to support food production, store and supply clean water, conserve biodiversity, sequester carbon, and improve soil resilience in a context of climate change. Within this framework, in order to achieve the SDGs and to correct land management in the long-term, soil management is considered mandatory. The reduction of land degradation should be based on various sustainable soil management practices that improve and maintain soil organic matter levels, increase water infiltration, and improve soil water management. This technical review - a policy paper - summarizes the sustainable and territorial impact of soil degradation, including soil water erosion, from the global level to the European and National levels. Furthermore, with the aim of sharing ongoing soil and water management actions, instruments, and initiatives, we provide information on soil and water conservation activities and prospects in Italy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Infiltration Improvement and Surface Reduction Using Various Soil Conservation Techniques in Coffee Agroforestry Systems in Sumbermanjing Wetan

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Dina Ananda Harfia ◽  
Sugeng Prijono
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Coffee Agroforestry ◽  
Land Farming

The uneven distribution and intensity of rain cause a shortage and excess of water in dry land farming. It appears that the problem of soil conservation in principle is the regulation of the relationship between rainfall intensity, infiltration capacity, and runoff adjustment. To improve the physical properties of the soil, and the hydrological function of the land use it cannot only be stressed on the coffee plant. Other factors such as soil surface management, such as providing organic matter, covering the soil surface with understory plants, making absorption holes, terraces, waterways and so on, can improve the hydrological function of the land. Rainwater management can be carried out through controlling surface runoff, harvesting rainwater, increasing soil infiltration capacity, managing soil, controlling evaporation and seepage, lining waterways. The use of silt pit parallel is considered quite effective because it is able to produce the lowest surface runoff and sufficient water storage. Silt pit parallel can produce 0.6% of rainfall into surface runoff and also can store water as much as 62.35% of the rainfall that enters the plot. The functions of a silt pit are to increase water infiltration into the soil. On dry land, silt pit functions as a place for harvesting rainwater and surface runoff. Based on the correlation regression test, the amount of surface runoff is closely influenced by the intensity of rain or rainfall.

EFFECTS OF SOIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON INFILTRATION RATES

Soil Science ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 338-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. STOLZY ◽  
T. E. SZUSZKIEWICZ ◽  
M. J. GARBER ◽  
R. B. HARDING
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Infiltration Rates

EFFECT OF LONG-TERM USE OF TILLAGE, RESIDUES AND N LEVELS IN SORGHUM (SORGHUM VULGARE (L)) – CASTOR (RICINUS COMMUNIS) CROPPING SYSTEM UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS – CROP RESPONSES AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE – PART I

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KUSUMA GRACE ◽  
K. L. SHARMA ◽  
D. SUMACHANDRIKA ◽  
K. SRINIVAS ◽  
U. K. MANDAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Long Term Effect

SUMMARYThis experiment was conducted to study the long-term effect of soil management treatments on crop yields, sustainability yield indices (SYI) and soil fertility in rainfed semi-arid tropical Alfisol at Hayathnagar Research Farm, Hyderabad, India, during the period 1995 to 2009. The experiment was conducted in a split–split plot design with conventional tillage (CT) and minimum tillage (MT) as main factors, surface application of sorghum stover @ 2 t ha−1 (SS), fresh Gliricidia loppings @ 2 t ha−1 (GL) and ‘no’ residue (NR) as sub-factors and levels of N viz. 0 (N0), 30 (N30), 60 (N60) and 90 (N90) kg N ha−1 as sub–sub factors in a castor–sorghum two-year rotation. On an average, CT maintained 30.4 and 57.0% higher grain yields of sorghum and castor, respectively, over MT. Between two residues, GL performed well in both the crops. The highest yields of sorghum (1425 kg ha−1) and castor (876 kg ha−1) were recorded at 90 kg N ha−1. CT maintained higher SYI of 0.44 compared to MT (0.38) and higher agronomic efficiency (AE) of 13.5 and 6.76 kg grain kg−1 N for sorghum and castor crop, respectively. Use of crop residue as mulch had an advantage in increasing the yield of both the crops with increase in rainfall under CT even without N application (control), probably by making the soil more receptive to water infiltration, better moisture storage and by reducing the evaporative losses. Using response functions, the optimum fertilizer N requirement was also computed for a given set of tillage and residue combinations. The revised optimum fertilizer N doses for sorghum and castor varied from 45 to 56 kg ha−1 and 46 to 74 kg ha−1, respectively, under different tillage and residue combinations and could be recommended depending upon the soil management practices.

scholarly journals Is there a link between agricultural land-use management and flooding?

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. O’Connell ◽  
J. Ewen ◽  
G. O’Donnell ◽  
P. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Catchment Scale

Abstract. Over the past fifty years, significant changes in UK land use and management practices have occurred, driven by UK and EU agricultural policies. There is substantial evidence that modern land-use management practices have enhanced surface runoff generation at the local scale, frequently creating impacts through "muddy floods". Such local impacts can be avoided or mitigated through the adoption of better land management practices and/or small scale surface runoff control measures. There is little evidence that local scale changes in runoff generation propagate downstream to create impacts at the larger catchment scale. This does not imply that impacts do not exist, but the very few studies in which evidence has been sought have not produced any conclusive findings. Multiscale catchment experimentation, linked to new developments in modelling, is needed which can lead to a better understanding of how small scale changes to runoff generation propagate to larger catchment scales. To facilitate the tracking of changes from the local to the catchment scale, a new modelling approach is demonstrated which allows a downstream flood hydrograph to be mapped back onto its source areas, thus presenting impact information to users in a useful and comprehensible form.

scholarly journals Streamflows over a West African Basin from the ALMIP2 Model Ensemble

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1831-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Getirana ◽  
Aaron Boone ◽  
Christophe Peugeot ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Multidisciplinary Analysis ◽  
Intercomparison Project

Abstract Comparing streamflow simulations against observations has become a straightforward way to evaluate a land surface model’s (LSM) ability in simulating water budget within a catchment. Using a mesoscale river routing scheme (RRS), this study evaluates simulated streamflows over the upper Ouémé River basin resulting from 14 LSMs within the framework of phase 2 of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) Land Surface Model Intercomparison Project (ALMIP2). The ALMIP2 RRS (ARTS) has been used to route LSM outputs. ARTS is based on the nonlinear Muskingum–Cunge method and a simple deep water infiltration formulation representing water-table recharge as previously observed in that region. Simulations are performed for the 2005–08 period during which ground observations are largely available. Experiments are designed using different ground-based rainfall datasets derived from two interpolation methods: the Thiessen technique and a combined kriging–Lagrangian methodology. LSM-based total runoff (TR) averages vary from 0.07 to 1.97 mm day−1, while optimal TR was estimated as ~0.65 mm day−1. This highly affected the RRS parameterization and streamflow simulations. Optimal Nash–Sutcliffe coefficients for LSM-averaged streamflows varied from 0.66 to 0.92, depending on the gauge station. However, individual LSM performances show a wider range. A more detailed rainfall distribution provided by the kriging–Lagrangian methodology resulted in overall better streamflow simulations. The early runoff generation related to reduced infiltration rates during early rainfall events features as one of the main reasons for poor LSM performances.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document