scholarly journals Redundância funcional de plantas lenhosas residentes do subosque de dois fragmentos de Mata Atlântica

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 3475
Author(s):  
Raissa Iana Leite Jardim ◽  
João Carlos Ferreira Melo Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Functional Redundancy ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mata Atlântica ◽  
Understory Species ◽  
Functional Convergence ◽  
Mata Atlantica

O desempenho dos organismos em determinada condição ambiental depende das estratégias ecológicas desenvolvidas ao longo da sua evolução, as quais são expressas por combinações de atributos funcionais (AF) que conferem vantagem adaptativa em um dado habitat. Este estudo avaliou o padrão de convergência funcional de espécies de subosque de duas comunidades vegetais de Mata Atlântica, Floresta Ombrófila Densa, no sul do Brasil. Para isso, foram amostradas 15 parcelas por fragmento de estudo, com seleção de 30 espécies nativas residentes de subosque que foram descritas a partir de 16 AF morfológicos, ecofisiológicos, fenológicos e reprodutivos. Radiação luminosa, conteúdo de matéria orgânica e umidade gravimétrica foram as variáveis ambientais mensuradas. A análise funcional das comunidades foi realizada por meio do software SYNCSA. Os AF que maximizam a convergência entre as espécies foram: folha simples, oposta e elíptica, a floração na primavera, a condição ciófita e secundária, a via fotossintética C3, a polinização melitofílica e a dispersão ornitocórica de frutos polispérmicos. As duas comunidades estudadas são medianamente redundantes funcionalmente devido à convergência de AF entre as espécies. A redundância funcional fornece resiliência a comunidade, em consequência das respostas compensatórias das espécies, o que reforça a importância da vegetação do subosque para a manutenção dos processos ecossistêmicos e a latente necessidade de inclusão das espécies desse estrato florestal em ações de restauração ambiental.    Functional redundancy of woody plants resident in the understory of two fragments of the Atlantic Forest A B S T R A C TThe performance of organisms in each environmental condition is based on the ecological strategies developed throughout their evolution, expressed in combinations of functional traits (FA) which verifies adaptive advantage in each environment. The study evaluated the trait convergence assembly patterns of understory species in two plant communities of Atlantic Dense Forest in southern Brazil. To answer the question, 15 plots were sampled per fragment of study, with a selection of 30 native species of understory that were described by 16 morphological, ecophysiological, phenological and reproductive traits. Luminous radiation, organic matter content and gravimetric moisture were the environmental variables measured. The functional analysis of communities was measured using the software SYNCSA. The AF that maximized the convergence between species was: simple, opposite and elliptical leaf, flowering during the spring, cyophyte and secondary condition, photosynthesis c3, melitophilic pollination and ornithochoric dispersion of polyspermyc fruits. The two communities studied are moderately functionally redundant due to species functional convergence. Functional redundancy provides resilience to the community, as a result of species compensatory responses, which reinforces the importance of understory vegetation for the maintenance of ecosystem processes and the latent need for the inclusion of the understory species in restoration actions.Keywords: functional traits, functional convergence, ecological strategy, functional redundancy, resilience.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DA DIVERSIDADE DE ESPÉCIES NATIVAS PRODUZIDAS NOS VIVEIROS FLORESTAIS DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO

FLORESTA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Makhlouta Alonso ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Dos Santos Leles ◽  
Telmo Borges Silveira Filho ◽  
Carlos Alberto Bernardo Mesquita ◽  
Marcos Lima Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
The State ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Mata Atlântica ◽  
Production Manager ◽  
Mata Atlantica ◽  
Forest Nurseries

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade de espécies florestais nativas produzidas nos viveiros do estado do Rio de Janeiro. O levantamento e diagnóstico foram realizados durante os meses de fevereiro, março e abril de 2010, sendo incluídos os viveiros que produziam mudas de espécies florestais da Mata Atlântica. O trabalho de campo consistiu em visitas a 70 viveiros florestais, nos quais foi requerida a lista das espécies produzidas e realizada entrevista com o responsável, sendo preenchido um questionário englobando diversos temas relacionados à produção de mudas. Foram observadas 277 espécies florestais nativas da Mata Atlântica sendo produzidas nos viveiros, que, em média, trabalham com 56 espécies nativas. A diversidade total de espécies florestais da Mata Atlântica produzidas nos viveiros do Estado do Rio de Janeiro é baixa, assim como a diversidade média, já que mais da metade dos viveiros trabalha com uma listagem de 50 ou menos espécies, número insuficiente considerando a diversidade de espécies florestais presentes nas diferentes formações vegetais do estado.Palavras-chave: Mudas florestais; restauração florestal; Mata Atlântica. AbstractAssessment of diversity of native species produced in forest nurseries of Rio de Janeiro State. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the diversity of native species produced by nurseries in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The diagnostic and survey were conducted during the months of February, March and April of the year 2010, the research included all nurseries that produced seedlings of Atlantic Forest species. The fieldwork consisted of visits to the 70 surveyed nurseries, in which a list of the species produced in the nursery was requested and the seedling production manager was interviewed, filling in a questionnaire covering various topics related to seedlings production. We observed 277 forest species native from the Atlantic Forest produced in the nurseries. In average, the nurseries produce 56 different native species. The total diversity of native species produced in the State of Rio de Janeiro is low, as well as the mean diversity, since more than half of the nurseries work with a list of 50 or fewer species, what is insufficient considering the diversity of forest species that occur in the different vegetation types of the state.Keywords: Forest seedlings; forest restoration; Atlantic Forest.

scholarly journals Biogeography of freshwater fishes from the Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion: distribution, endemism, and area relationships

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Camelier ◽  
Angela M. Zanata
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Mata Atlântica ◽  
Central Group ◽  
The North ◽  
Mata Atlantica ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
High Level ◽  
Central South

The Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion (NMAF) includes part of the eastern Brazilian coastal drainages, has high level of fish endemism and great biogeographic significance. A taxonomic inventory of freshwater fishes from 25 drainages of the NMAF ecoregion and a biogeographic analysis using the Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) method were carried out. A total of 192 native species was listed. The PAE method was applied to 24 basins and 37 species, resulting in five equally parsimonious area diagrams. The strict consensus diagram indicates the existence of two main groups of basins throughout the NMAF ecoregion. These groups were denominated: North Group and Central-South Group. The Central-South Group shows a basal polytomy composed by two Groups (Central Group and South Group) plus the rio Itapemirim basin. The North Group is composed by eight drainages from the rio Sergipe to the rio Paraguaçu, the Central Group by five drainages from the rio Cachoeira to the rio Jequitinhonha, and the South Group by nine drainages from the rio Buranhém to the rio Doce. Comments about the species distribution and the fish fauna shared with adjacent ecoregions are provided. We also present a comparison of the hypothesis of river relationships proposed herein with published phylogenetic hypotheses that include taxa relevant to this study.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the morphological parameters of native species of the Atlantic Forest in biodegradable tubes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Cristiano Cunha Costa ◽  
Luís Eduardo Almeida ◽  
Vinícius Resende de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Mata Atlântica ◽  
Mata Atlantica

Alguns estudos relatam que propostas de tubetes biodegradáveis não suportavam as condições ambientais nos viveiros ou não favoreciam condições necessárias ao crescimento das mudas, implicando nos parâmetros morfológicos necessários a atingir a qualidade padrão de ir à campo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os parâmetros morfológicos de mudas nativas da Mata Atlântica em tubetes biodegradáveis em viveiro florestal. Foram injetados tubetes biodegradáveis de polietileno de alta densidade, oxibiodegradante orgânico e micropartículas de casca de arroz. Durante 6 meses os tubetes foram utilizados para a produção de mudas nativas. Após este período, foram analisados: altura (H), diâmetro do colo (DC), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca da raiz (MSR), índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD) e índice de Robustez (IR). Observou-se que as mudas de aroeira e tamboril não apresentaram diferença estatística para as variáveis estudadas. As mudas de genipapo apresentaram diferença estatística para a MSPA e MSR entre os tipos de tubetes. Portanto, os tubetes biodegradáveis podem ser utilizados para a produção de mudas em viveiro florestal, pois não influenciaram nos parâmetros de crescimento e desenvolvimento de mudas de espécies florestais nativas.

scholarly journals Planting designs and functional traits of native plant species used in restoration projects in araucaria forests

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1103-1115
Author(s):  
Camila Kissmann ◽  
Marluci Pozzan ◽  
Tanise Luisa Sausen ◽  
Daniel Albeny Simões
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Schinus Terebinthifolius ◽  
Mata Atlântica ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Psidium Cattleianum ◽  
Mata Atlantica

A Floresta com Araucária (FA) é uma das formações florestais da Mata Atlântica mais devastadas, com uma grande quantidade de áreas que precisam ser restauradas. Dessa maneira, a proposta deste estudo foi comparar dois modelos de plantio em áreas de FA e determinar atributos funcionais de quatro espécies nativas para restauração ecológica -Schinus terebinthifolius, Psidium cattleianum, Eugenia involucrata e Ocotea odorifera. Para isso, o estudo comparou sobrevivência, crescimento inicial, cobertura de copa e cobertura do solo por 18 meses entre o modelo de plantio sistemático (espécie pioneira intercalada com espécies não-pioneiras na mesma linha de plantio) e modelo sistemático (espécies pioneiras e não-pioneiras distribuídas aleatoriamente nas parcelas). Os atributos funcionais avaliados foram: crescimento médio em altura, sobrevivência, suscetibilidade à geada, diâmetro de copa e frequência de herbivoria. Não houve diferenças na sobrevivência, crescimento inicial e cobertura do solo entre os modelos de plantio. Schinus terebinthifolius apresentou 87% dos atributos desejáveis para uso em projetos de restauração na FA com altas taxas de sobrevivência e crescimento (crescimento em altura e diâmetro de copa). As espécies não pioneiras tiveram uma taxa de sobrevivência de 50% ou menos e não são recomendadas para o plantio conjunto com as espécies pioneiras com implementação durante a estação de geada em FA.

Effect of contrasting farm management on vegetation and biochemical, chemical, and biological condition of moist steepland soils of the South Island high country, New Zealand

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. McIntosh ◽  
R. S. Gibson ◽  
S. Saggar ◽  
G. W. Yeates ◽  
P. McGimpsey
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Exchangeable Cation

A question of economic, social, and land-use importance in the predominantly steep South Island high country tussock grasslands of New Zealand is whether these lands can be sustainably farmed by oversowing introduced grasses and legumes and using fertilisers. To help answer this question, we compared vegetation and soil chemical, biochemical, and biological properties on Brown soils (Dystrudepts) on adjacent land areas which have been differently managed since 1978. One area had never been fertilised or oversown. The other had been oversown with grasses and clovers and received about 1100 kg/ha of sulfur-superphosphate between 1979 and 1997. Oversowing and fertilising reduced the amount of bare ground and transformed the vegetation to a species composition dominated by the introduced adventives Anthoxanthum odoratum and Agrostis capillaris. Fertilising raised soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content, increased A-horizon thickness, and raised exchangeable cation values. All of the phosphorus (P) applied to the fertilised area was accounted for in the top 15 cm of soil, but has accumulated in the relatively unavailable organic form. Oversowing and fertilising significantly (P < 0 . 05) increased microbial biomass C, N, and P relative to values in unfertilised soils. The microbial biomass C: N and C: P ratios were significantly (P < 0 . 05) lower in fertilised soils. Fertilised soils had significantly more (P < 0 . 05) mineralised N than unfertilised soils. Populations of 5 groups of soil fauna (Scarabaeidae, nematodes, enchytraeids, rotifers, tardigrades) were higher in fertilised soils. Nematode species parasitic or pathogenic for clovers were present in greater numbers on fertilised soils. A combination of fertility decline (in particular, P immobilisation as organic P) and nematode damage may be the reason for the low clover cover on fertilised sites, and may explain the widely observed clover ‘flush’ and decline common to oversown high country. We conclude that there is no simple measure of ‘soil quality’ that can be used as a sustainability indicator in moist New Zealand high country. Nor can sustainability be judged purely on biological, biochemical, and chemical critieria. Although many of the effects associated with oversowing and fertilising, such as increased organic matter content of A horizons and increased biological activity, are positive, these effects must be balanced against the economic risk associated with being committed to a high-input farming system, the loss of low-producing but resilient native species, and increase of plant-pathogenic nematodes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the morphological parameters of native species of the Atlantic Forest in biodegradable tubes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Cristiano Cunha Costa ◽  
Luís Eduardo Almeida ◽  
Vinícius Resende de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Mata Atlântica ◽  
Mata Atlantica

Alguns estudos relatam que propostas de tubetes biodegradáveis não suportavam as condições ambientais nos viveiros ou não favoreciam condições necessárias ao crescimento das mudas, implicando nos parâmetros morfológicos necessários a atingir a qualidade padrão de ir à campo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os parâmetros morfológicos de mudas nativas da Mata Atlântica em tubetes biodegradáveis em viveiro florestal. Foram injetados tubetes biodegradáveis de polietileno de alta densidade, oxibiodegradante orgânico e micropartículas de casca de arroz. Durante 6 meses os tubetes foram utilizados para a produção de mudas nativas. Após este período, foram analisados: altura (H), diâmetro do colo (DC), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca da raiz (MSR), índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD) e índice de Robustez (IR). Observou-se que as mudas de aroeira e tamboril não apresentaram diferença estatística para as variáveis estudadas. As mudas de genipapo apresentaram diferença estatística para a MSPA e MSR entre os tipos de tubetes. Portanto, os tubetes biodegradáveis podem ser utilizados para a produção de mudas em viveiro florestal, pois não influenciaram nos parâmetros de crescimento e desenvolvimento de mudas de espécies florestais nativas.

scholarly journals Influences of environmental variables on the natural regeneration in a forest under restoration after bauxite mining and a reference ecosystem in Southeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly de Almeida Silva ◽  
Sebastião Venâncio Martins ◽  
Aurino Miranda Neto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Reference Ecosystem

The shrub-tree floristic compositions of the natural regeneration stratum of a bauxite mine in the process of restoration and in a reference ecosystem (remnant of a preserved secondary Seasonal Semi-Deciduous Forest) were analysed to evaluate forest restoration conditions five years after planting. The influences of canopy openness, accumulated leaf litter and soil attributes in the regeneration stratum were also investigated in both forests. The floristic composition of the regeneration stratum in the restoration forest and in the reference ecosystem are distinct, due to the difference in the environmental variables. Results showed that the reference ecosystem favours the presence of species that tolerate environments with greater shading and higher aluminium and organic matter content in the soil, while the forest under restoration favours the presence of species adapted to fertile soils and those that tolerate greater luminosity. The restoration actions implanted are making possible the return of native species in bauxite mined area.

scholarly journals Children's representations of the biological richness of the mata atlântica biome

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza Schwarz ◽  
Pierre André ◽  
Lucia Sevegnani
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Mata Atlântica ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
Mata Atlantica ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City ◽  
Brazilian Children ◽  
Biological Richness

This paper aims to examine the representations of Brazilian children from Joinville Region of biodiversity in the Mata Atlântica. We interviewed 112 girls and 90 boys from a school in the city of Joinville, in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina. These 6 to 14 year old students from grade 1 to 8 were requested to estimate the abundance of plants, animals and microorganisms in the region, and to name the species they know. Our results show that children are aware of the high level of biodiversity in their region, but they had difficulty in naming native species.

HEAVY METAL SPECIATION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VYSHNEVOLOTSKY RESERVOIR

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
O. A. Lipatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Speciation ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Manganese Hydroxides

The study of heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments of the Vyshnevolotsky water reservoir is presented in this paper. Sequential selective procedure was used to determine the heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments and thermodynamic calculation — to determine ones in interstitial water. It has been shown that Mn are mainly presented in exchangeable and carbonate forms; for Fe, Zn, Pb и Co the forms are related to iron and manganese hydroxides is played an important role; and Cu and Ni are mainly associated with organic matter. In interstitial waters the main forms of heavy metal speciation are free ions for Zn, Ni, Co and Cd, carbonate complexes for Pb, fulvate complexes for Cu. Effects of particle size and organic matter content in sediments on distribution of mobile and potentially mobile forms of toxic elements have been revealed.

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