scholarly journals O Efeito de Brisas Maritimas na Cidade de Belém-PA: Utilizando análise em Multivariada (The Effect of Sea Breeze Over Belém-PA: Using Multivariate Analysis)

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Rodrigo Quadros dos Santos ◽  
Maria Isabel Vitorino ◽  
Celia Campos Braga ◽  
Thamiris Brandão Campos ◽  
Ana Paula Santos
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Temporal Behavior ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Wind Intensity ◽  
The City

Estudou-se o efeito da brisa marítima na cidade de Belém –PA através de  dados de precipitação, intensidade e direção do vento horizontal, para os meses representativos dos períodos chuvoso (fevereiro, março e abril) e menos chuvoso (setembro, outubro e novembro) nos anos de 2005 e 2006. Neste trabalho a técnica de Análise em Componentes Principais (ACP) foi introduzida com o objetivo de explicar a estrutura de dependência entre a evolução sazonal da chuva com direção e intensidade do vento. Observou-se que a precipitação diária é mais regular na estação chuvosa quando comparada com a estação menos chuvosa. Com relação ao vento horizontal, notou-se que em ambos os anos e estações a intensidade do vento apresenta comportamento temporal semelhante.No caso da direção do vento, notou-se giro diário no vento local, em ambas estações,  devido aos efeitos das circulações de brisa marítima e lacustre. A técnica de ACP permitiu evidenciar a relação de dependência da precipitação com o vento horizontal. Dessa maneira, podemos afirma que o máximo de precipitação observado esta relacionado ao giro horizontal o qual esta ligado a brisa marítima e lacustre.Palavras-chave: Amazônia, Brisa maritima, ACP The Effect of Sea Breeze Over Belém-PA: Using Multivariate Analysis ABSTRACTThe effect of the sea breeze in the city of Belém – Brazil is analyzed using rainfall data, horizontal wind intensity and direction to rainiest season (February, March and April) and driest season (September, October and November) in 2 years (2005 and 2006). To try explaining the dependence structure among the seasonal rain evolution with wind intensity and direction is used the Principal Components Analysis (PCA). In this paper has been observed that the daily precipitation rate is more frequent in the rainiest season than driest season. Regarding the horizontal wind, it has been noted that in both years (2005 and 2006) and seasons (rainiest and driest season) the wind intensity showed similar temporal behavior. In the case to wind direction has been noted a wind shift in all days over both season. It was due the effects of sea breeze and lake circulations. The technique ACP is highlighted the dependence of precipitation with horizontal wind. Thus, we can say that the maximum rainfall observed is related to horizontal wind shift.Keywords: Amazon, sea breeze, PCA.

Effect of sea breeze regime on aerosol optical properties over the city of Rome, Italy.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Di Bernardino ◽  
Anna Maria Iannarelli ◽  
Stefano Casadio ◽  
Gabriele Mevi ◽  
Monica Campanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

<p>Mesoscale meteorological phenomena, such as sea-land breeze regime, strongly impact meteorological conditions of coastal areas, affecting wind intensity, moisture, heat and momentum fluxes and polluted air masses dispersion. This effect must be considered in order to correct design urban spaces, predict the possible influence of land use change on air pollution and climate change and, consequently, improve the quality of life and urban comfort.</p><p>In recent years, it has been shown that the breeze regime does not only affect microclimatic conditions but also air quality in coastal areas, because of the mixing of different types of aerosols and condensable gases. Moreover, the advection of marine, colder and more humid air leads to the decrease of the boundary layer height and, consequently, to the increase of the surface concentration of locally emitted pollutants, that are trapped within the boundary layer itself.</p><p>The effect of breeze regime is particularly interesting in coastal cities, where the sea breeze entails large modification of physical, optical, chemical, and hygroscopic properties of the urban aerosol.</p><p>In this work, we developed an approach to determine the breeze effect on aerosol in correspondence of the BAQUNIN [1] Super-site urban location, in the centre of Rome, Italy. The city is about 28 km far from the Tyrrhenian coast and is often exposed to sea-breeze circulation and to extreme aerosol events [2] [3].</p><p>In-situ measurements obtained from different remote sensing instruments are used: (i) vertical profile of horizontal wind velocity and direction by means of SODAR wind profiler; (ii) moisture, air temperature and wind speed from ground-based meteorological station; (iii) aerosol optical depth (AOD), height and evolution of the Boundary Layer from Raman and elastic LIDAR; (iv) precipitable water, AOD, Ångström exponent (AE) and single-scattering albedo (SSA) from sun-photometer CIMEL [4], (v) AOD, AE and SSA from POM 01 L Prede sun-sky radiometer [5][6], (vi) superficial NO<sub>2</sub> and formaldehyde amounts from PANDORA spectrometer [7], (vii) particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5 </sub>and PM<sub>10</sub>) concentrations from ground-based air quality station.</p><p>The investigation is focused on several days, during summer of 2019, characterized by anemological breeze regime conditions.</p><p>In this study, we present preliminary results aimed to the in-depth analysis of the effects of the breeze regime on the optical properties of aerosols in coastal, urban environment and the impact of the aerosol vertical stratification on ground-level PM concentrations.</p><p> </p><p>References:</p><p>[1] BAQUNIN Boundary-layer Air Quality-analysis Using Network of Instruments, www.baqunin.eu</p><p>[2] Petenko I. et al. (2011) “Local circulation diurnal patterns and their relationship with large-scale flows in a coastal area of the Tyrrhenian sea”, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 139:353-366.</p><p>[3] Ciardini V. et al. (2012) “Seasonal variability of tropospheric aerosols in Rome”, Atmospheric Research, 118:205-214.</p><p>[4] AERONET, https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/new_web/index.html</p><p>[5] EUROSKYRAD http://www.euroskyrad.net/</p><p>[6] Campanelli M. et al. (2019) “Aerosol optical characteristics in the urban area of Rome, Italy, and their impact on the UV index”, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussion.</p><p>[7] PGN, https://www.pandonia-global-network.org/</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of the Behavior of Abstractions in Two Urban Micro-Basins of the City of Cuenca (Ecuador), through an Aggregate Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3209
Author(s):  
Ricardo Rubio-Ramírez ◽  
Rubén Jerves-Cobo ◽  
Diego Mora-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Great Sensitivity ◽  
Aggregate Model ◽  
Antecedent Soil Moisture ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Impervious Area ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The City

Several cities in developing countries are challenging the permanent process of urbanization. This generates a great disturbance on the hydrological response of the urbanized area during rainfall events, which can cause floods. Among the disturbances that urbanized basins may suffer, it is found that variations in rain losses (hydrological abstractions) can be estimated by the named volumetric runoff coefficient (CVOL) methodology. In the present study, this methodology is used in an attempt to estimate the hydrological abstraction of two nearby urbanized basins, with different degrees of impermeability, located in the city of Cuenca in Ecuador. The data for that analysis were collected between April and May of 2017. The results obtained indicate that the micro-basin with the largest impervious area presents the higher initial hydrological losses, the higher rate of decrease in abstractions, and the higher stormwater runoff flows per unit area. In addition, the abstractions found in the two urban micro-basins show great sensitivity to the maximum rainfall intensity and do not relate to the antecedent soil moisture. These results demonstrate the importance of having higher pervious surfaces in urbanized areas because they lead to reduce negative impacts associated with increased stormwater runoff on impervious surfaces.

scholarly journals Inclusive Growth in CEE Countries as a Determinant of Sustainable Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Cichowicz ◽  
Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Development Research ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Pursuant to the concept of inclusive growth, the authors analyze the transition economies of Central and Eastern European countries, which have become EU members (Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia). CEE countries characterized by comparable historic and economic backgrounds now seem to reach diversified stages of development. The objective of the study is to identify the level of inclusive growth among CEE countries by taking into account indicators assigned to its seven pillars. The article’s thesis is that CEE countries represent social and economic heterogeneity as well as varied levels of sustainable development. Research methods included the application of the principal components analysis and the multivariate analysis. For a literature review, the bibliometric analysis was conducted with the visualization prepared by the VOSviewer software. The main findings suggest that Estonia, Slovenia, and the Czech Republic seem to exhibit the highest level of inclusive growth while Bulgaria and Romania represent the lowest level of indicators measured.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of extreme precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau and effects of external forcing factors based on Generalized Pareto distribution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Gao ◽  
Jun Du ◽  
Xiaoqing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Pareto Distribution ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Generalized Pareto Distribution ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
External Forcing ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Flood Season ◽  
Generalized Pareto

Abstract The daily precipitation data of the years 1955–2017 from May to September were retrieved; then a Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) and maximum likelihood methods were adopted to understand trends and calculate the reappearance period of heavy precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The daily precipitation values at 22 stations in the TP were found to conform to the model, and theoretical and measured frequencies were consistent. According to the spatial distribution of the maximum precipitation value, the extreme values of Shigatse and Lhasa showed large fluctuations, and the probability of record-breaking precipitation events was low. In the western part of Nagqu, the probability of extreme precipitation was relatively low, and that of record-breaking precipitation was relatively high. The peak values of extreme precipitation in the flood season in the TP generally exhibited a decreasing trend from southeast to northwest, and the extreme value of the flood season that reappeared in the southeast region was approximatelytwice that of the northwest region. The maximum rainfall in most areas will exceed 20 mm in the next 5–10 years, and the maximum rainfall in Shigatse will reach 52.7 mm. After 15 years of recurrence in various regions, the peak rainfall in the flood season has become low. Most of the regions in the model have different responses to ENSO and Indian Ocean monsoon indices with external forcing factors.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of daily precipitation in the Bydgoszcz region

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Waldemar Bojar ◽  
Leszek Knopik ◽  
Renata Kuśmierek-Tomaszewska ◽  
Jacek Żarski ◽  
Wojciech Żarski
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Gamma Distribution ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Frequency ◽  
Potential Variation ◽  
The City ◽  
Daily Total

The aim of the research has been to provide a statistical analysis of precipitation in the Bydgoszcz region based on the results of the measurements taken at the Experiment Station of the UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, located at Mochle, about 20 km away from the city centre. The paper analyses the daily total precipitation throughout 43 years (1971—2013). The analysis demonstrated a high dependence of the indicators studied on the month, confirming the annual pattern typical for the transitional climate of the temperate zone. In general, it shows an advantage of the amount and variation, and less considerably — the daily precipitation frequency in summer months, as compared with the winter months. The distribution of the probability of the daily precipitation amount for each month turned out to be compliant with gamma distribution, which allows for a potential variation in the future.

scholarly journals Technical note: Changes in cross- and auto-dependence structures in climate projections of daily precipitation and their sensitivity to outliers

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1741-1749
Author(s):  
Jan Hnilica ◽  
Martin Hanel ◽  
Vladimír Puš
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Downscaling ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Correlation Structures ◽  
Climate Model Simulations ◽  
Dependence Structures

Abstract. Simulations of regional or global climate models are often used for climate change impact assessment. To eliminate systematic errors, which are inherent to all climate model simulations, a number of post-processing (statistical downscaling) methods have been proposed recently. In addition to basic statistical properties of simulated variables, some of these methods also consider a dependence structure between or within variables. In the present paper we assess the changes in cross- and auto-correlation structures of daily precipitation in six regional climate model simulations. In addition the effect of outliers is explored making a distinction between ordinary outliers (i.e. values exceptionally small or large) and dependence outliers (values deviating from dependence structures). It is demonstrated that correlation estimates can be strongly influenced by a few outliers even in large datasets. In turn, any statistical downscaling method relying on sample correlation can therefore provide misleading results. An exploratory procedure is proposed to detect the dependence outliers in multivariate data and to quantify their impact on correlation structures.

scholarly journals Investigation of local meteorological events and their relationship with ozone and aerosols during an ESCOMPTE photochemical episode

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2809-2822 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Augustin ◽  
H. Delbarre ◽  
F. Lohou ◽  
B. Campistron ◽  
V. Puygrenier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Breeze Circulation ◽  
Sea Breezes ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Marine Air ◽  
The City

Abstract. The international ESCOMPTE campaign, which took place in summer 2001 in the most highly polluted French region, was devoted to validate air pollution prediction models. Surface and remote sensing instruments (Lidar, Radar and Sodar) were deployed over the Marseille area, along the Mediterranean coast, in order to investigate the fine structure of the sea-breeze circulation and its relationship with the pollutant concentrations. The geographical situation of the Marseille region combines a complex coastline and relief which both lead to a peculiar behaviour of the sea-breeze circulation. Several local sea breezes, perpendicular to the nearest coastline, settled in during the morning. In the afternoons, when the thermal gradient between the continental and marine surface grows up, a southerly or a westerly sea breeze may dominate. Their respective importance is then a function of time, space and altitude. Furthermore, an oscillation of the westerly sea breeze with a period of about 3 h is also highlighted. We show that these dynamical characteristics have profound influences on the atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) development and on pollutant concentrations. In fact, the direction and intensity of the sea-breeze determine the route and the transit time of the stable marine air flow over the continental surface. Thus, the ABL depth may exhibit several collapses correlated with the westerly sea-breeze pulsation. The ozone and aerosol concentrations are also related to the dynamical features. In the suburbs and parts of the city under pulsed sea breezes, a higher ABL depth and higher ozone concentrations are observed. In the city centre, this relationship between pulsed sea-breeze intensity and ozone concentration is different, emphasising the importance of the transit time and also the build-up of pollutants in the marine air mass along the route. Finally, the variations of aerosol concentration are also described according to the breeze direction.

Multivariate analysis of data for the ionization of weak acids in water – dimethyl sulfoxide solvent mixtures

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (15) ◽  
pp. 2350-2357 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Edward ◽  
Michael Sjöström ◽  
Svante Wold
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Function Theory ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Ionization Constants ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Acidity Function ◽  
Weak Acids ◽  
Chemical Type ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Components Analysis

The ionization constants p(sKa) reported for 41 weak acids of varying chemical type in ten water–DMSO solvent mixtures have been analysed by the SIMCA version of principal components analysis. This shows the data to fit a two-component model. The significance of the results for acidity function theory is discussed.

Vegetation–elevation correlation in two dyked marshes of northeastern Vancouver Island: a multivariate analysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2487-2494
Author(s):  
Gary E. Bradfield ◽  
Alison Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Tidal Marshes ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
The Past ◽  
Residual Variation ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Vegetation Variation

Vegetation – substratum elevation relationships in the Kokish and Cluxewe tidal marshes on northeastern Vancouver Island were examined using principal components analysis, canonical correlation analysis, and multivariate analysis of variance. Both marshes have similar undyked vegetation with low-elevation Carex lyngbyei dominated stands and higher elevation mixed-grass swards of Festuca rubra, Deschampsia cespitosa, Hordeum brachyantherum, and Agrostis stolonifera. Dyked areas were less comparable in their vegetation as a result of a variety of disturbances in the past. Elevation showed a stronger connection with Continuous compositional change in undyked than in dyked areas, but less than half of the total vegetation variation was explained. Plant community classifications, based on aerial photographs, accounted for high proportions of the total vegetation variation (87–99%) and residual variation (62–97%) remaining after the "effect of elevation" had been removed from the vegetation data, using regression analysis. This suggested that the plant communities recognized are distinct units but that factors unrelated to elevation are mainly responsible for their formation.

Impacts of Urban Processes and Urbanization on Summer Precipitation: A Case Study of Heavy Rainfall in Beijing on 1 August 2006

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiguang Miao ◽  
Fei Chen ◽  
Qingchun Li ◽  
Shuiyong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Squall Line ◽  
Beijing City ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Simulated Precipitation ◽  
The City

AbstractFinescale simulations (with 500-m grid spacing) using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) were used to investigate impacts of urban processes and urbanization on a localized, summer, heavy rainfall in Beijing. Evaluation using radar and gauge data shows that this configuration of WRF with three-dimensional variational data assimilation of local weather and GPS precipitable water data can simulate this event generally well. Additional WRF simulations were conducted to test the sensitivity of simulation of this storm to different urban processes and urban land-use scenarios. The results confirm that the city does play an important role in determining storm movement and rainfall amount. Comparison of cases with and without the presence of the city of Beijing with respect to the approaching storm shows that the urban effect seems to lead to the breaking of the squall line into convective cells over the urban area. The change of precipitation amount depends on the degree of urbanization (i.e., the change over time in the extent of Beijing city). Model results show that an early urbanization prior to 1980 decreases the maximum rainfall, whereas further urbanization in Beijing is conducive to bifurcating the path of rainfall. According to sensitivity results with a single-layer urban canopy model, the thermal transport (sensible and latent heating) induced by the presence of an urban area apparently is more important than associated momentum transport, with latent and sensible heating apparently having equally important roles in the modification of simulated precipitation. Urban surfaces tend to cause the rainfall to be more locally concentrated. High-rise urban cores may bifurcate the path of rainfall as well as increase the area percentage of heavy rainfall.

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