The effects of pulsed ultrasound and continued ultrasound intervention before an exercise on maximal voluntary isometric contraction and range of motion of exercise-induced muscle damage

Abstract Objective: To investigate the prophylactic effect of the active isolated stretching technique on exercise-induced muscle damage of wrist flexors. Method: The mixed model randomised controlled interventional study was conducted at the University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan, from November 2018 to May 2019, and comprised young adults who were untrained, sedentary and healthy who were randomly divided into intervention group A and control group B. Group A participants received self-assisted active isolated stretching before inducing muscle soreness of wrist flexors by eccentric exercises. Group B did not receive any intervention. The outcome measures were pain intensity, muscle soreness, pressure pain threshold, range of motion, and grip strength. Data were collected at baseline, after one hour, and daily from day 1 to 7 after inducing muscle soreness. Data were analysed using SPSS 21. Results: Of the 60 subjects, there were 30(50%) in each of the two groups. There were 14(23.3%) males and 46(76.7%) females. The overall mean age was 21.47±1.9 years. Group A showed early recovery in pain and muscle soreness compared to group B (p<0.05). Also, a limited deficit in the range of motion, grip strength, and pain pressure threshold was found in group A compared to group B (p<0.05). Conclusion: Active isolated stretching before strenuous, unaccustomed exercise was found to be useful in ameliorating the symptoms of muscle soreness. Key Words: Active isolated stretching, Muscle soreness, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Eccentric exercises. Continuous...

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Effect of whey vs. soy protein supplementation on recovery kinetics following speed endurance training in competitive male soccer players: a randomized controlled trial

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s12970-021-00420-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Savvas Kritikos ◽

Konstantinos Papanikolaou ◽

Dimitrios Draganidis ◽

Athanasios Poulios ◽

Kalliopi Georgakouli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endurance Training ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Soy Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Redox Status ◽

Protein Supplementation ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽

Exercise Induced

Abstract Background Soccer-specific speed-endurance training induces short-term neuromuscular fatigue and performance deterioration over a 72-h recovery period, associated with elevated markers of exercise-induced muscle damage. We compared the effects of whey vs. soy protein supplementation on field activity, performance, muscle damage and redox responses following speed-endurance training in soccer players. Methods Ten well-trained, male soccer players completed three speed-endurance training trials, receiving whey protein (WP), soy protein (SP) or an isoenergetic placebo (PL; maltodextrin) according to a randomized, double-blind, crossover, repeated-measures design. A pre-loading period was applied in each trial during which protein supplementation was individually adjusted to reach a total protein intake of 1.5 g/kg/day, whereas in PL protein intake was adjusted at 0.8–1 g/kg/day. Following pre-loading, two speed-endurance training sessions (1 and 2) were performed 1 day apart, over a 3-day experimental period. During each session, field activity and heart rate were continuously monitored using global positioning system and heart rate monitors, respectively. Performance (isokinetic strength of knee extensors and flexors, maximal voluntary isometric contraction, speed, repeated sprint ability, countermovement jump), muscle damage (delayed-onset of muscle soreness, creatine kinase activity) and redox status (glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, protein carbonyls) were evaluated at baseline (pre), following pre-loading (post-load), and during recovery from speed-endurance training. Results High-intensity and high-speed running decreased (P ≤ 0.05) during speed-endurance training in all trials, but WP and SP mitigated this response. Isokinetic strength, maximal voluntary isometric contraction, 30-m speed, repeated sprint ability and countermovement jump performance were similarly deteriorated during recovery following speed-endurance training in all trials (P ≤ 0.05). 10 m speed was impaired at 24 h only in PL. Delayed-onset of muscle soreness, creatine kinase, total antioxidant capacity and protein carbonyls increased and glutathione decreased equally among trials following speed-endurance training (P ≤ 0.05), with SP inducing a faster recovery of protein carbonyls only at 48 h (P ≤ 0.05) compared to WP and PL. Conclusions In conclusion, increasing daily protein intake to 1.5 g/kg through ingestion of either whey or soy protein supplements mitigates field performance deterioration during successive speed-endurance training sessions without affecting exercise-induced muscle damage and redox status markers. Trial registration Name of the registry: clinicaltrials.gov. Trial registration: NCT03753321. Date of registration: 12/10/2018.

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Quercetin Supplementation Improves Neuromuscular Function Recovery from Muscle Damage

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092850 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2850

Author(s):

Ilenia Bazzucchi ◽

Federica Patrizio ◽

Roberta Ceci ◽

Guglielmo Duranti ◽

Stefania Sabatini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Damage ◽

Eccentric Exercise ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Strength Loss ◽

Neuromuscular Function ◽

Double Blind ◽

Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽

Velocity Relationship ◽

Force Velocity ◽

Exercise Induced

This study was aimed at investigating whether quercetin (Q) may improve the recovery of neuromuscular function and biochemical parameters in the 7 days following an eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (EEIMD). Sixteen men (25.9 ± 3.3 y) ingested Q (1000 mg/day) or placebo (PLA) for 14 days following a double-blind crossover study design. A neuromuscular (NM) test was performed pre–post, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h and 7 days after an intense eccentric exercise. The force–velocity relationship of the elbow flexor muscles and their maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) were recorded simultaneously to the electromyographic signals (EMG). Pain, joint angle, arm circumference, plasma creatine kinase (CK) and lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH) were also assessed. The results showed that Q supplementation significantly attenuated the strength loss compared to PLA. During the recovery, force–velocity relationship and mean fibers conduction velocity (MFCV) persisted significantly less when participants consumed PLA rather than Q, especially at the highest angular velocities (p < 0.02). A greater increase in biomarkers of damage was also evident in PLA with respect to Q. Q supplementation for 14 days seems able to ameliorate the recovery of eccentric exercise-induced weakness, neuromuscular function impairment and biochemical parameters increase probably due to its strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action.

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Greater eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage by large versus small range of motion with the same end-point

Biology of Sport ◽

10.5604/20831862.1208480 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 285-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexandre Fochi ◽

Felipe Damas ◽

Ricardo Berton ◽

Ieda Alvarez ◽

Maiara Miquelini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Eccentric Exercise ◽

Small Range ◽

End Point ◽

Exercise Induced

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Effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on muscle thickness and echo intensity of the elbow flexors following exercise-induced muscle damage

Sport Sciences for Health ◽

10.1007/s11332-017-0366-5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 365-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Diulian Muniz Medeiros ◽

Rodrigo Freitas Mantovani ◽

Cláudia Silveira Lima

Keyword(s):

Muscle Damage ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Elbow Flexors ◽

Echo Intensity ◽

Pulsed Ultrasound ◽

Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Exercise Induced

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Preliminary Investigations Into the Effect of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage on Systemic Extracellular Vesicle Release in Trained Younger and Older Men

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.723931 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yvoni Kyriakidou ◽

Isabella Cooper ◽

Igor Kraev ◽

Sigrun Lange ◽

Bradley T. Elliott

Keyword(s):

Muscle Damage ◽

Muscle Soreness ◽

Age Groups ◽

Strength Loss ◽

Extracellular Vesicle ◽

Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽

Physically Active ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Exercise Stimulus ◽

Modal Size

Background: Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) results in transient muscle inflammation, strength loss, and muscle soreness and may cause subsequent exercise avoidance. Research has recently proven that skeletal muscle can also release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the circulation following a bout of exercise. However, EV’s potential role, including as a biomarker, in the response to eccentric resistance exercise stimulus remains unclear.Methods: Twelve (younger, n=7, 27.0±1.5years and older, n=5, 63.0±1.0years) healthy, physically active males, undertaking moderate, regular physical activity (3–5 times per week) performed a unilateral high intensity eccentric exercise protocol. Venous plasma was collected for assessment of EVs and creatine kinase (CK) prior to EIMD, immediately after EIMD, and 1–72h post-EIMD, and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) were assessed at all time points, except 1 and 2h post-EIMD.Results: A significant effect of both time (p=0.005) and group (p<0.001) was noted for MVIC, with younger participants’ MVIC being higher throughout. Whilst a significant increase was observed in DOMS in the younger group (p=0.014) and in the older group (p=0.034) following EIMD, no significant differences were observed between groups. CK was not different between age groups but was altered following the EIMD (main effect of time p=0.026), with increased CK seen immediately post-, at 1 and 2h post-EIMD. EV count tended to be lower in older participants at rest, relative to younger participants (p=0.056), whilst EV modal size did not differ between younger and older participants pre-EIMD. EIMD did not substantially alter EV modal size or EV count in younger or older participants; however, the alteration in EV concentration (ΔCount) and EV modal size (ΔMode) between post-EIMD and pre-EIMD negatively associated with CK activity. No significant associations were noted between MVIC or DOMS and either ΔCount or ΔMode of EVs at any time point.Conclusion: These findings suggest that profile of EV release, immediately following exercise, may predict later CK release and play a role in the EIMD response. Exercise-induced EV release profiles may therefore serve as an indicator for subsequent muscle damage.

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Acute Consumption of Varied Doses of Cocoa Flavanols Does Not Influence Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0057 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 338-344

Author(s):

Liam D. Corr ◽

Adam Field ◽

Deborah Pufal ◽

Jenny Killey ◽

Tom Clifford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Damage ◽

Visual Analog Scale ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

High Dose ◽

Lower Extremity Function ◽

Muscle Recovery ◽

Analog Scale ◽

Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Cocoa Flavanols

Polyphenol consumption has become a popular method of trying to temper muscle damage. Cocoa flavanols (CF) have attracted attention due to their high polyphenol content and palatability. As such, this study will investigate whether an acute dose of CF can aid recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage. The study was a laboratory-based, randomized, single-blind, nutrient-controlled trial involving 23 participants (13 females and 10 males). Participants were randomized into either control ∼0 mg CF (n = 8, four females); high dose of 830 mg CF (CF830, n = 8, five females); or supra dose of 1,245 mg CF (CF1245, n = 7, four females). The exercise-induced muscle damage protocol consisted of five sets of 10 maximal concentric/eccentric hamstring curls and immediately consumed their assigned drink following completion. To measure muscle recovery, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee flexors at 60° and 30°, a visual analog scale (VAS), and lower-extremity function scale were taken at baseline, immediately, 24-, 48-, and 72-hr postexercise-induced muscle damage. There was a main effect for time for all variables (p < .05). However, no significant differences were observed between groups for all measures (p ≥ .17). At 48 hr, there were large effect sizes between control and CF1245 for MVIC60 (p = .17, d = 0.8); MVIC30 (p = .26, d = 0.8); MVIC30 percentage change (p = .24 d = 0.9); and visual analog scale (p = .25, d = 0.9). As no significant differences were observed following the consumption of CF, there is reason to believe that CF offer no benefit for muscle recovery when ingested acutely.

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The Effects of Quercetin Supplementation on Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11010205 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 205 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Ilenia Bazzucchi ◽

Federica Patrizio ◽

Roberta Ceci ◽

Guglielmo Duranti ◽

Paolo Sgrò ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Damage ◽

Eccentric Exercise ◽

Strength Loss ◽

Simultaneous Recording ◽

Isometric Strength ◽

Double Blind ◽

Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽

Velocity Relationship ◽

Force Velocity ◽

Exercise Induced

The aim of the present investigation was to test the hypothesis that quercetin (Q) may prevent the strength loss and neuromuscular impairment associated with eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (EEIMD). Twelve young men (26.1 ± 3.1 years) ingested either Q (1000 mg/day) or placebo (PLA) for 14 days using a randomized, double-blind, crossover study design. Participants completed a comprehensive neuromuscular (NM) evaluation before, during and after an eccentric protocol able to induce a severe muscle damage (10 sets of 10 maximal lengthening contractions). The NM evaluation comprised maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and force–velocity relationship assessments with simultaneous recording of electromyographic signals (EMG) from the elbow flexor muscles. Soreness, resting arm angle, arm circumference, plasma creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were also assessed. Q supplementation significantly increased the isometric strength recorded during MVIC compared to baseline (+4.7%, p < 0.05). Moreover, the torque and muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) decay recorded during the eccentric exercise was significant lower in Q compared to PLA. Immediately after the EEIMD, isometric strength, the force–velocity relationship and MFCV were significantly lower when participants were given PLA rather than Q. Fourteen days of Q supplementation seems able to attenuate the severity of muscle weakness caused by eccentric-induced myofibrillar disruption and sarcolemmal action potential propagation impairment.

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Effects of Transdermal Methylsulfonylmethane on Muscle Damage and Recovery Following Eccentric Exercise

Exercise Science ◽

10.15857/ksep.2021.30.2.158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 158-166

Author(s):

Hyeon-deok Jo ◽

Choun-sub Kim ◽

Maeng-kyu Kim

Keyword(s):

Muscle Damage ◽

Eccentric Exercise ◽

Muscle Soreness ◽

Random Order ◽

Experimental Session ◽

Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Transdermal Application ◽

Before And After ◽

Exercise Induced

PURPOSE:The present study aimed to investigate the effects of transdermal application of methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) on muscle damage and recovery following eccentric exercise in young men.METHODS: Eleven college-aged men without any cardiovascular or orthopedic disorders underwent two sessions consisting of a control session (CS) and an experimental session (ES) in a random order with at least 2 weeks of wash-out between the sessions. The participants performed 30 maximal eccentric exercises involving their non-dominant elbow flexors in each session. Circumference, muscle soreness, range of motion, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and muscular echo intensity (EI) were measured to evaluate the changes in the level of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). All measurements were performed at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after exercise and also immediately before and after exercise.RESULTS:Transdermal application of MSM in ES attenuated muscle swelling and decreased MVIC after eccentric exercise when compared with CS. Muscle soreness and EI tended to increase less rapidly and decrease more rapidly in ES than in CS.CONCLUSIONS: Transdermal application of MSM may induce relatively positive effects on EIMD and recovery following eccentric exercise when compared with the treatment that has been widely used previously.

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Superior training efficacy of beginning movement load training for the baseball throwers

BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1186/s13102-021-00357-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wen-Yi Chou ◽

Jih-Yang Ko ◽

Shu-Fang Chen ◽

Chia-Feng Wu ◽

Kuan-Ting Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Isometric Contraction ◽

External Rotation ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽

Baseball Players ◽

Before And After ◽

Shoulder Motion ◽

And Control

Abstract Background Superior shoulder motion with rotator cuff activation are essential for the performance of the throwing athletes. The present study compared the novel beginning movement load training (BMLT) and popular throwers ten program regarding the training efficacy of baseball throwers. We hypothesized that the BMLT contributed the superior training efficacy than popular throwers ten program. Methods Forty adult baseball players were randomized into study group and control group equally. In study group, the cyclic shoulder motion was repeatedly operated 3 days in a week and lasted for 6 weeks using three different BMLT training machines. As for control group, three popular cyclic training in the throwers ten program were adopted for the shoulder trainings as the same protocol in study group. The evaluations before and after training included the static range of motion (ROM), the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVICs) of the target muscle (pectoralis major, middle deltoid and supraspinatus) and throwing velocity. Result After 6-week course, study group had significant wider static ROM in saggital adduction (p = 0.002), coronal internal rotation (p = 0.018) and external rotation (p = 0.044) than in control group. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) ratio of middle deltoid/supraspinatus was significant lower in study group (Study:Control = 1.14 ± 0.76:3.56 ± 5.57, p = 0.049) which indicated the enhanced supraspinatus maximal contraction in the study group after training. In addition, the study group had significant improvement in throwing speed (117 ± 10 vs. 109 ± 10 km/h, p = 0.040). Conclusion The BMLT contributed the superiority in range of motion, recruitment of supraspinatus and throwing velocity than the popular thrower’s ten program. It could be a favourable training for the overhead activity.

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