The Analysis of Translation Techniques of Irony and Sarcasm  in Novel Entitled The Sign Of The Four

This research was aimed to identify the translation techniques used in translating the irony and sarcasm utterances in novel entitled The Sign of the Four and to find out the translation quality appearing as the effects of those translation technique applications. This research was an qualitative research. Data of this research were utterances or sentences in the novel The Sign of The Four which involves two different languages both the SL (English) and the TL (Indonesian). This research focused on product since the research questions were formulated to be answered based on the written texts which contain ironic and sarcasm utterances. Purposive sampling technique was choosen in choosing the data. The object of this research were ironic and sarcasm utterances, type of translation technique, and translation quality which cover accuracy, acceptability, and readibility of translated text English to Indonesia of novel The Sign of The Four. The research findings reveal that the type of sarcasm found in The Sign of The Four novel are illocutionary sarcasm and proportional sarcasm. The sarcasm marker of iilocutionary sarcasm is the manner violation. While proportional sarcasm is characterized by self contradiction. When considering the context of the utterance, the sarcastic utterances are expressed by the actor, in order to insult his partner. The irony found in the novel is the ironical interjection characterized by the unusual collocation. Translation used in translating the ironic and sarcasm utterances in this novel are; reduction, amplification (addition), compensation, transposition, adaptation, discursive creation, and calque. The impact of the use of translation techniques is on the quality of the translated text. Acceptance of the translation is worth 3 (acceptable). Translation accuracy varies from 1 to 3 (from accurate to inaccurate).

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ANALISIS TEKNIK PENERJEMAHAN MAJAS IRONI DAN SARKASME DALAM NOVEL THE RETURN OF SHERLOCK HOLMES SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KUALITAS TERJEMAHAN

PRASASTI Journal of Linguistics ◽

10.20961/prasasti.v2i1.1392 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 69

Author(s):

Irene Dinari ◽

Mangatur Nababan ◽

Djatmika Djatmika

Keyword(s):

Figurative Language ◽

Average Score ◽

The Novel ◽

Sherlock Holmes ◽

Translation Quality ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Translation Techniques ◽

Research Findings ◽

The Impact

Background: This research is conducted by analyzing figurative language as irony and sarcasm in the novel entitled The Return of Sherlock Holmes (TROSH) and its translation in Bahasa Indonesia. The aims of this research are to (1) identify such types of figurative language as irony and sarcasm in the novel TROSH and its translation in Bahasa Indonesia, (2) identify translation techniques used when translating the irony and sarcasm, (3) find out the translation shifts appearing as effects of the application of the translation techniques, and (4) find out the effects of the translation shifts of irony and sarcasm on translation quality considering accuracy, acceptability, and readability. Method: The method of this study is descriptive qualitative. The source of data is a novel entitled The Return of Sherlock Holmes and its translation. The result of questionnaires from the raters that asses the translations quality also belong to the source of data in this study. The data in this study are phrase, clause, or sentence that contain irony or sarcasm in the novel The Return of Sherlock Holmes. Beside that, the information about the quality of the translation from the raters and informants is also belonged to the data. The technique in conducting the data is done by analysing the document and the questionnaires. Result: The research findings reveal that (1) 67 data of irony and sarcasm are found in the novel The Return of Sherlock Holmes and are divided into 6 subcategories consisting of ironical understatement, non-ironical falsehood, ironical interjections, illocutionary sarcasm, propositional sarcasm, and lexical sarcasm, (2) Several translation techniques employed are established equivalence, modulation, amplification, variation, transposition, linguistic compression, borrowing, reduction, linguistic amplification, compensation, adaptation, and particularization, while some others are couplets, triplets, and quadruplets, (3) the application of the aforementioned translation techniques leads to three possibilities such as the absence of translation shifts of irony and sarcasm, translation shifts to another figurative language, and translation shifts to nonfigurative language, (4) the translation shifts give moderate positive effects on the translation quality of irony and sarcasm found in the novel The Return of Sherlock Holmes with average score of 2.64. Conclustion: Conclusion: The result of this study shows that established equivalence is often used in translating irony and sarcasm. The application of this technique gives a good quality in the translation of irony and sarcasm because that technique can be applied based on the context of situations in the target texts. Meanwhile, established equivalence may give a poor result of the translation quality if it is combined with another technique, for examples: reduction, transposition, and modulation. The impact of the quality is caused by the translation shifting of irony and sarcasm into another figurative language or denotative form. From the analysis of this study, it can be cncluded that the translation shifting of figurative language is one of the important thing in figurative language’s translation and translation quality assessment. Keywords: irony and sarcasm, translation techniques, shift, translation quality

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The Impact of Translation Technique on Translation Quality of Metaphor of Modality in Novel “Anne of Green Gables”

International Journal of Linguistics Literature & Translation ◽

10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.3.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 104-109

Author(s):

Yurike Suhertian Poyungi ◽

M.R. Nababan ◽

Riyadi Santosa

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Group Discussion ◽

The Novel ◽

Translation Quality ◽

Anne Of Green Gables ◽

Translation Study ◽

Translation Techniques ◽

The Impact

This study aims to identify the impact of translation techniques on translation quality in the novel “Anne of Green Gables.” It is a qualitative research-oriented translation study. The data were collected by content analysis and focus group discussion. The result of this research shows that there are seven translation techniques used to translate the metaphor of modality; they are established equivalence, modulation, deletion, paraphrase, compensation, implicitation and discursive creation. In addition, the translation techniques that contributed positively to the translation quality are established equivalence, compensation, modulation and implicitation. Meanwhile, paraphrase, deletion and discursive creation decreased the translation quality in accuracy, acceptability and readability aspects.

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Teknik dan Kualitas Penerjemahan Frasa Washfi pada Novel Zeina Karya Nawal El Sadawi

Insyirah: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa Arab dan Studi Islam ◽

10.26555/insyirah.v4i1.4778 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 66-98

Author(s):

Aditya Prayogo ◽

Fitria Sari Yunianti

Keyword(s):

Quality Assessment ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

The Novel ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Translation Quality ◽

Literal Translation ◽

Translation Technique ◽

Translation Techniques

This research explain the techniques and quality assessment of the translation of washfi phrases in the novel Zeina's translation by Nawal El Saadawi. This research is a part of translation criticism by using the descriptive analysis method. This research uses a qualitative approach in analyzing translation techniques by applying Newmark's theory of translation techniques. In addition, a quantitative approach is also used in assessing the quality of translation by applying the theory of translation quality assessment by Nababan. The results of this research indicate that there are 348 data on washfi phrases in the novel Zeina and 40 data on washfi phrases in this study. The techniques used in translation are 10 of 16 Newmark translation techniques. The ten techniques are literal translation technique, transference, reduction, expansion, transposition, synonymy, modulation, naturalization, paraphrasing, and recognized translation technique. As for the assessment of translation quality, the most acceptable translation qualities were literal translation techniques and synonymy techniques (77%). Meanwhile, the lowest acceptance quality was naturalization technique, which was 62%. Then, the quality of easy / high readability is in the paraphrasing technique, which is 76%. While the quality of the lowest readability is naturalization technique, which is 46%.

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Imperative Sentences in the Novel The Lost World

PIONEER: Journal of Language and Literature ◽

10.36841/pioneer.v12i1.542 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Risa Al Adewiya

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Method ◽

The Novel ◽

Translation Quality ◽

Literal Translation ◽

Translation Techniques ◽

Total Data ◽

Final Score ◽

The Impact ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

This research aimed to find the translation techniques used to translate the imperative sentences and the impact to the translation quality which is found in the dialogues of novel The Lost World. This research used descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected by analyzing, questioning and interviewing to the raters. The analysis was started by finding and classifying the imperative sentences based on the theory of Greenbaum and Quirk (1990). Then, analyzing the translation techniques based on the theory of Molina and Albir (2002) and analyzing the translation quality based on Nababan (2012). The researcher found 63 data of imperative sentences in novel The Lost World. There are 45 data (71,4%) imperative sentences without subject, 4 data (6,35%) of imperative sentences with subject, 2 data (3,07%) of imperative sentences with let and 12 data (19,04%) of negative imperative. The researcher also found 12 translation techniques, they are amplification 8 data (8,42%), borrowing 3 data (3,15%), compensation 5 data (5,26%), established equivalent 15 data (15,78%), linguistics amplification 2 data (2,10%), linguistics compression 7 data (7,36%), literal translation 39 data (41,05%), modulation 2 data (2,10%), particularization, 1 datum (1,05%), reduction 7 data (7,36%), transposition 2 data (2,10%), variation 4 data (4,21%) with total data 95. The result of translation quality of imperative sentences found in the dialogues of novel The Lost World is qualified or well translated with final score of translation quality is 2,83. With the 2,78 for accuracy aspect, 2,85 for the acceptability aspect and 2,91 for the readability aspect.

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TECHNIQUES AND QUALITY OF 'CIVIL WAR: WHOSE SIDE ARE YOU ON?' COMIC TRANSLATION

LEKSEMA Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra ◽

10.22515/ljbs.v3i2.1374 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Rifqi Hanif Barezzi ◽

MR Nababan ◽

Riyadi Santosa

Keyword(s):

Civil War ◽

Single Case ◽

Document Analysis ◽

Objective Data ◽

Translation Quality ◽

Translation Techniques ◽

Research Findings ◽

Holistic Research ◽

The Impact

The objectives of this study were to know the translation techniques and the assessment translation quality of Marvel comic series entitled Civil War: Whose Side Are You? (Part 1 and 2) in terms of accuracy, acceptability, and readability. This was a descriptive qualitative research and focusing on a single case as well as holistic research involving documents, i.e: the original and the translation books as the objective data and informants who gave assesment on the quality of the translation. The techniques of collecting data were document analysis, questionnaire distribution, and focus grup discussion. Total sampling was applied in this research. The research findings show that there were 12 types of translation techniques applied by the translator, namely established equivalent, borrowing, variation, modulation, explication, discursive creation, literal translation, reduction, transposition, addition, adaptation, and implication. The impact of the application of those techniques toward the translation quality was good enough. The scores indicate that the translation has good quality in terms of accuracy, acceptability, and readability. It also shows that background of the translators influenced the techniques chosen.

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ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN TEKNIK PENERJEMAHAN ISTILAH TABU DALAM FILM THE WOLF OF WALL STREET DAN DUA TERJEMAHANNYA (SUBTITLE RESMI VCD DAN AMATIR DARI SITUS SUBSCENE.COM) SERTA DAMPAKNYA PADA KUALITAS TERJEMAHAN

PRASASTI Journal of Linguistics ◽

10.20961/prasasti.v1i1.910 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nurul Intan Sari ◽

Nababan M.R. ◽

Djatmika Djatmika

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

Wall Street ◽

Taboo Word ◽

Low Level ◽

Translation Quality ◽

Translation Techniques ◽

Taboo Words ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact

This research is conducted by analyzing taboo words in The Wolf of Wall Street movie and its two subtitle versions. The aims of this research are to describe: (1) form and classification of taboo words found in The Wolf of Wall Street movie, (2) the translation techniques used for translating taboo word in The Wolf of Wall Street movie and its two subtitle version, (3) the translation quality of taboo words translations in VCD and amateur subtitles of The Wolf of Wall Street movie, (4) the impact of translation techniques toward the quality of taboo words translations in VCD and amateur subtitles of The Wolf of Wall Street movie.The research method applied is descriptive qualitative. In addition to that, it is embedded case study. The sources of data consist of documents and informants selected with purposive sampling technique. The documents are The Wolf of Wall Street movie and its two subtitle versions. Informants are validator and three raters. The data are taboo words that have been validated by validator and the information about translation quality given by raters. The techniques of collecting data are document analysis, questionnaire, and focus group discussion. The data were analyzed by using ethnography method composed by Spradley (1980)The findings show that there are two kinds of grammatical unit of taboo words, they are word and phrase. Sexual references and offensive slang are the dominant categories found in this research. In VCD version, the translation techniques used are established equivalence, reduction, amplification, literal, borrowing and generalization. Established equivalence creates high level of accuracy and acceptability. Reduction affects the quality with low level of accuracy but can create acceptable translations. Meanwhile, in the amateur version, there are seven translation techniques used. They are established equivalence, reduction, amplification, borrowing, generalization, literal, and compensation. This research finds that established equivalence makes the taboo words translations accurate and acceptable. Reduction and the other techniques results in the low level of accuracy but high level of acceptability. Based on the findings, it can be drawn that the translation techniques applied affect the quality of taboo word translations in term of accuracy and acceptability. Keywords: taboo words, translation techniques, accuracy, acceptability

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KAJIAN TERJEMAHAN KALIMAT YANG MEREPRESENTASIKAN TINDAK TUTUR ASERTIF MENJAWAB DALAM DUA VERSI TERJEMAHAN NOVEL PRIDE AND PREJUDICE

PRASASTI Journal of Linguistics ◽

10.20961/prasasti.v1i1.1066 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Paramita Widya Hapsari ◽

Nababan M.R. ◽

Djatmika Djatmika

Keyword(s):

Speech Acts ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Group Discussion ◽

The Novel ◽

Pride And Prejudice ◽

Translation Quality ◽

Translation Techniques ◽

Research Findings ◽

Variation Techniques

This research is conducted by analyzing answering speech acts in Pride and Prejudice (PAP) novel and its two translation versions, Shira Media and Qanita Publisher. The aims of this research are to describe: (1) observing or non-observing the maxim, (2) the translation techniques used for translating answering speech acts in PAP novel and its two translation versions, (3) the translation quality of answering speech acts in PAP novel and its two translation versions, (4) the impacts of translation techniques toward the quality of answering speech acts in PAP novel.This is a descriptive-qualitative research. The source of data are documents, PAP novel; and informants who assessed the quality of the translations. The data are answering speech acts in PAP novel and the information about translation quality given by the informants. The techniques of data collection are content analysis, questionaire, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD).Result: It is found out that there are observing and non-observing the maxim used in answering speech acts in PAP novel and its two translation versions. In Shira Media Publisher, the translation techniques used are: established equivalence, variation, borrowing, amplification (explicitation), amplification (addition), reduction, modulation, adaptation, transposition, literal, discursive creation, particularization, and generalization. Established equivalence and variation techniques commonly appear in observing and non-observing maxim quantity. These techniques also produce accurate and acceptable translations. Meanwhile, there are 11 translation techniques used in Qanita Publisher are: established equivalence, variation, borrowing, amplification (explicitation), amplification (addition), modulation, reduction, discursive creation, adaptation, transposition, and particularization. Same as the novel Shira Media Publisher, established equivalence and variation techniques also commonly appear in observing and non-observing maxim.The research findings in this research show that established equivalence technique has positive impact to translation quality. Meanwhile, literal and discursive creation are technique that produce less accurate and less acceptable translation. However, the findings also show the majority of translation techniques used are able to create accurate and acceptable translations.Keywords: cooperative principles, translation techniques, translation quality.

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THE ANALYSIS ON TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES AND TRANSLATION QUALITY OF CHINESE CULTURE SOCIAL TERM

PRASASTI Journal of Linguistics ◽

10.20961/prasasti.v4i1.11028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Ayu Kharisma Maharani

Keyword(s):

Chinese Culture ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Text Data ◽

Translation Quality ◽

Componential Analysis ◽

Translation Techniques ◽

Ethnographic Analysis ◽

The Impact

The Chinese cultural term is one of the main problems in translation. This study aims to analyze the translation which is the Chinese social cultural term, translation techniques, and the impact of the use of translation techniques on the quality of translation which includes aspects of accuracy, acceptability, and readybility. This research employs a descriptive qualitative with case study and oriented to the translation product. The source of data take from documents selected with purposive sampling technique and the discussion result with raters and informant. The document refer to Stempel Tiongkok: Kumpulan Karya Li Lanqing Dalam Pameran Seni Ukir dan Kaligrafi with its translated text. Data reaserch contains Chinese culture term which are word or phrase. The technique of collecting data used consisted of analysis of documents, quisioner and interview to raters and informants. Data were analyzed using ethnographic analysis, which consisting of domain, taxonomy, and componential analysis until found its cultural theme. From the analysis found 12 data and 7translation technique. They are using adaptation techniques, lending, common equivalent, linguistic compression, variation, deskrutif creation, transposition. Good translation techniques are common equivalent, linguistic compression, lending, variation. Translation techniques are not good deskrusif creations and adaptations.

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Translation Techniques and Translation Quality of Indonesian Subtitles of Coco Movie: A Comparative of Two Subtitlers

Ethical Lingua Journal of Language Teaching and Literature ◽

10.30605/25409190.203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 227-235

Author(s):

Annisa Risma Khairani Lubis ◽

Muhizar Muchtar ◽

Umar Mono

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Method ◽

The Other ◽

Translation Quality ◽

Literal Translation ◽

Translation Technique ◽

Translation Techniques ◽

High Level ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

The objectives of the research are to identify the types of translation technique, to evaluate the translation quality and to find out the effect of translation techniques on the translation quality used by Pein Akatsuki and Deni Aurora in Indonesian subtitles of Coco movie. This research applies descriptive qualitative method to assess data with documents and informants as source of data. The result shows that there are 16 types of translation techniques used by Pein Akatsuki and Deni Aurora in translating Indonesian subtitles. For both subtitlers, literal translation and borrowing create high level of accuracy, acceptability, and readability. Modulation and the other techniques are showed in high and medium levels of accurate translation, but they result in high levels of acceptability and readability. Based on the findings, the translation techniques applied by the subtitlers contribute positively to the quality of Indonesian subtitles in terms of accuracy, acceptability, and readability.

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TECHNIQUES AND ACCURACY OF IDEATIONAL GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR TRANSLATION IN 'DIARY OF WIMPY KID' NOVELS

LEKSEMA Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra ◽

10.22515/ljbs.v3i2.1314 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 123

Author(s):

Nur Indah Arfianti ◽

MR Nababan ◽

Riyadi Santosa

Keyword(s):

Quality Assessment ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Case Study Research ◽

Average Score ◽

Translation Quality ◽

Grammatical Metaphor ◽

New Variant ◽

Translation Techniques ◽

Translation Accuracy ◽

The Impact

The ideational grammatical metaphor is a phenomenon emerging in lexico-grammar which causes new variant construction that is different from its original meaning and grammatical class. This article aims at classifying the translation techiques applied in Jeff Kinney’s Diary of Wimpy Kid novels and also the impact of its application in translating ideational grammatical metaphor which deals with accuracy aspect in translation quality assessment. This research was classified as descriptive-qualitative research with embedded case study research and it used systemic functional linguistics as its approach.. content analysis and focus group discussion were used for obtaining data. The data consisted of linguistic, that is the words representing ideational grammatical metaphors, and translation data, i.e: the analyses of translation techniques and translation accuracy. The techniques were analyzed by using Molina & Albir (2002) theory whereas the accuracy was assessed based on TQA modified by Nababan, Nuraeni & Sumardiono (2012). Research findings showed that there were eight different translation techniques used for translating ideational grammatical metaphor in the novels. In addition, this average score of translation quality assessment showed that ideational grammatical metaphors in SL have been translated accurately to TL.

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