scholarly journals Negotiating a human . Viveiros de Castro – Descola – Turner

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Pisarek
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Semantic Scope

The article offers an analysis of selected anthropological models transforming the semantic scope of what in the Western discourses of knowledge used to be considered the domain of human being. The text presents concepts developed by three anthropologists: Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, Phillipe Descola and Terry S. Turner. Each conducted research among the indigenous people of South America, each invoked the structural imagination of Claude Lévi-Strauss and considered similar theoretical and methodological problems. The models developed by these Amazonianists will be examined based on the methods they use to expand the field of anthropological research and to reconfigure its conceptual framework. The aim of this article is to determine potential benefits and limitations resulting from applying these models in the study of culture.

scholarly journals REKONTRUKSI ECORELIGIUS ORANG MELAYU Solusi Penyelamatan Lingkungan

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Husni Thamrin, M.Si
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Deep Ecology ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The People ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Universe

Anthropocentric paradigm has distanced humans from nature, as well as causing the humans themselves become exploitative in attitude and do not really care about the nature. In relation, ecological crisis also can be seen as caused by mechanistic-reductionistic-dualistic of Cartesian science. The perspective of anthropocentric is corrected by biocentrism and ecocentrism ethics, particularly Deep Ecology, to re-look at the nature as an ethical community. The concept of ecoculture is already practiced from the beginning by indigenous or traditional societies in elsewhere. The perspective of the human being as an integral part of the nature, and  the behaviour of full of resposibility, full of respect and care about the sustainability of all life in the universe have become perspectives and behaviours of various traditional people. The majority of local wisdom in the maintenance of the environment is still surviving in the midst of shifting currents waves by a pressure of anthropocentric perspective. There is also in a crisis because a pressure of the  influences of a modernization. While others, drifting and eroding in the modernization and the anthropocentric perspective.In that context, ecoculture, particularly Deep Ecology, support for leaving the anthropocentric perspective, and when a holistic life perspective asks for leaving the anthropocentric perspective, the humans are invited to go back to thelocal wisdom, the old wisdom of the indigenous people. in other words, environmental ethics is to urge and invite the people to go back to the ethics of the indigenous people that are still relevant with the times. The essence of this perspective is back to the nature, back to his true identity as an ecological human in the ecoreligion  perspective.

The Genomic Prehistory of the Indigenous People of Uruguay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lindo ◽  
Andre Luiz Campelo dos Santos ◽  
Michael DeGiorgio ◽  
Gonzalo Figueiro
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
European Contact ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Campaigns

The prehistory of the people of Uruguay is greatly complicated by the dramatic and severe effects of European contact, as with most of the Americas. After the series of military campaigns that exterminated the last remnants of nomadic peoples, Uruguayan official history masked and diluted the former indigenous ethnic diversity into the narrative of a singular people that all but died out. Here we present the first whole genome sequences of the Indigenous people of the region before the arrival of Europeans, from an archaeological site in eastern Uruguay that dates from 2,000 years before present. We find a surprising connection to ancient individuals from Panama and eastern Brazil, but not to modern Amazonians. This result may be indicative of a distinct migration route into South America that may have occurred along the Atlantic coast. We also find a distinct ancestry previously undetected in South America. Though this work begins to piece together some of the demographic nuance of the region, the sequencing of ancient individuals from across Uruguay is needed to better understand the ancient prehistory and genetic diversity that existed before European contact, thereby helping to rebuild the history of the indigenous population of what is now Uruguay.

Exotic Dogs and Indigenous Humans in Tropical Northeastern South America

Dogs ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 186-205
Author(s):  
Peter W. Stahl
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Hunting Dogs ◽  
Late Arrival ◽  
Exotic Animal ◽  
Tropical Lowlands

Although the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is today ubiquitous throughout most of South America, it may have been a relatively late arrival in Amazonia. A dog’s comparative value to contemporary indigenous people in the tropical lowlands of Northeastern South America relates directly to its role in hunting; otherwise, it can be regarded with the same ambivalence attributed to other exotic domesticates, most of which tend to be poorly integrated into indigenous human societies. Despite cultivating a formidable array of native plants and demonstrating a marked proclivity for pets, indigenous Amazonians had few, if any, native animal domesticates. The elaborate esteem bestowed on valued hunting dogs by indigenous societies in Northeastern South America can contrast markedly with their attitude toward other exotic animal domesticates. This is likely rooted in their ontological perspectives of animal others and may be based upon a pre-Columbian template of tamed autochthonous canids.

Frontier Politics French, Portuguese and Amerindian Alliances between the Amazon and Cayenne, 1680–1697

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-90
Author(s):  
Silvia Espelt-Bombin
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Territorial Control ◽  
Colonial Frontier ◽  
Over Time

While the territory we know today as Guyane was in the end claimed by France, initial attempts to establish a colony there were unsuccessful for several reasons. Highly significant amongst these reasons were the attacks made by indigenous people on settlements which were already precarious. In interdisciplinary studies of the Guianese plateau, Neil Whitehead, Stéphen Rostain, Pierre Grenand and Françoise Grenand—amongst others—have discussed processes of tribalisation and the degree of influence that indigenous warfare had on the establishment and development of European enclaves in the region. Following and building on this existing research as well as drawing upon archival sources, this chapter addresses a small number of specific ‘frontier’ contacts, wars and alliances between different indigenous groups, the French and the Portuguese. By exploring these cases, the chapter sheds light on the negotiations of power that took place in the area over time. It addresses the question of how alliances changed over time depending on interests and circumstances. Rather than using these cases to define the ‘colonial frontier’ between Portugal and France in northeast South America, its aim is to focus on the degree and power of negotiation that the different indigenous groups had on territorial control.

The Anthropology of Marriage in Lowland South America

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
The Third ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Cultural Rules ◽  
The Way

Traditional treatments of marriage among indigenous people focus on what people say about whom one should marry and on rules that anthropologists induce from those statements. This volume is a cultural and social anthropological examination of the ways the indigenous peoples of lowland South America/Amazonia actually choose whom they marry. Detailed ethnography shows that they select spouses to meet their economic and political goals, their emotional desires, and their social aspirations, as well as to honor their commitments to exogamic prescriptions and the exchange of women. These decisions often require playing fast and loose with what the anthropologist and the peoples themselves declare to be the regulations they obey. Inevitably then, this volume is about agency and individual choice in the context of social institutions and cultural rules. There is another theme running through this book—the way in which globalization is subverting traditional hierarchies, altering identities, and eroding ancestral marital norms and values—how the forces of modernization alter both structure and practice. The main body of the book is given over to eleven chapters based on previously unpublished ethnographic material collected by the contributors. It is divided into three sections. The first collects essays that describe the motives behind breaking the marriage rules, the second describes how the marriage rules are bent or broken, and the third gathers chapters on the effects of globalization and recent changes on the marriage rules.

Hawaiian style graffiti and the questions of sovereignty, law, property, and ecology

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-288
Author(s):  
Masahide T. Kato
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Military Occupation ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Kanaka Maoli ◽  
Ancestral Knowledge ◽  
Hawaiian Kingdom ◽  
Aesthetic Practice ◽  
Historical Contextualization ◽  
The Aesthetic

Based on the ethnographic insight gained from the fieldwork conducted between 2006 and 2012 on the island of O‘ahu, this article attempts to capture the aesthetic and symbolic expressions of decolonization in aerosol writing pieces by a crew primarily composed of Kanaka Maoli (“true human being,” indigenous people of Hawai‘i) writers. By focusing on the indigenous aesthetic practice of kaona (“hidden meaning”), the article analyzes the ways in which Hawaiian style graffiti unveils the contested issues of jurisdiction, sovereignty, property claims, and ecological integrity under the prolonged colonial and military occupation. It simultaneously illuminates the decolonial vision brought forth by Kānaka Maoli writers that seeks to transcend and transform the realities imposed by the colonial and occupational power. Through socio-historical contextualization, the article draws parallels between the time of Hawaiian Kingdom and the present, to unravel the integration of ancestral knowledge and contemporary expressions in Hawaiian style graffiti.

scholarly journals The Ontology of Symbolic Reality in the Philosophy of F.T. Mikhailov

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
K.V. Sorvin ◽  
A. Mert
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Multiple Selves ◽  
The Social ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Symbolic Reality ◽  
Material Form ◽  
The Ideal

This paper addresses one of the main topics of the works of the famous Russian philosopher F.T. Mikhailov aimed at overcoming the oversimplified conception of the relation between the biological and the social origins of human being, in the context of the methodological problems in the social sciences that have characteristic representations of the transcendence of society over individual. It is shown that the solution proposed by the philosopher was related to the revision of the dominant notions about the ground of the subject-subject unity and the ontology of the symbolic objects that provide this unity. In particular, the disintegration of the ‘activity approach’ in psychology into the concepts of A.N. Leontyev and S.L. Rubinstein, that are called by Mikhailov ‘antinomical’, is associated with the limited reliance on the methodological traditions of Spinozism, in which there was no idea about the reflexive type of subject-subject relation as opposed to the methodology of "late Fichte", with his characteristic position on the initial identity based on multiple selves. It is argued that the most adequate categories for description of the ontological connections between the ideal content and the material form in symbolic objects that provide such an identity can be found in Hegel's aesthetic works.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: ESTABLISHING HEALTH LITERACY MODULE FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN MALAYSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Normalina Alias ◽  
Mohamad Helmy Jaafar ◽  
Afzan Mat Yusof ◽  
uhammad Lokman Md Isa
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Indigenous People

scholarly journals Individuality as Embodiment of Culture and the Problem of Inclusion: an Outsider’s Perspective

2015 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
L. S. Chernyak
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Major Obstacle ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Intuitive Notion ◽  
Human Individual ◽  
Mode Of Being

Human Individuality as Embodiment of Culture and the Problem of Inclusion: an Outsider’s Perspective (by Leon Chernyak). The article considers the problem of inclusion from the point of view of a philosopher working in the area of ontological anthropology. Proceeding from this ontological perspective, it argues that the notion of a human being as the embodiment of culture (and, consequently, of the human individual as an embodied entity) constitutes the major obstacle for the development of a theoretically consistent conceptual framework for the intuitive notion of inclusion of people with disabilities. The notion of a human individual as a corporeal (or bodily) entity is proposed as an alternative to the notion of human individual as an embodied entity. On the basis of the notion of the human individual as a corporeal (bodily) entity, the concept of culture as the only form of objectification of the human mode of being is proposed, and, in its turn, on the basis of this concept of culture the following concepts are formulated: health (the integrity of the organism), medical norm, and disease.

Defections

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Edele
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Army Soldiers

Chapter 1 serves as the introduction to the book. It outlines the problematic, source base, and basic conceptual framework of this study and introduces Ivan Nikitich Kononov, one of the book’s central protagonists. It also gives a general summary of the argument, discusses methodological problems, and situates the book in a wider historiographical context. The book reconstructs the motivations, background, and experience of a significant minority of Red Army soldiers: those who willingly crossed the front line to give themselves up to the Germans. The book asks how many of these defectors there were, what share of Stalin’s fighting forces they composed, why they committed treason, how they went about doing it, and what happened to them afterwards. It argues that desertion across the front line was an extreme behaviour, but one that tells us much not only about this war but also about Soviet society under Stalin.

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