PRODUCTIVITY OF WHITE AND BROWN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA) DEPENDING ON THE SOWING PERIOD AND SEEDING RATE

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
S.S. ZHIRNYKH ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Germinating Seeds

The formation of high productivity of any agricultural crop largely depends on the sowing period and the seeding rate. It is generally accepted that mustard is less demanding as to the sowing period. However, the moist topsoil is more favorable for better development of the root system in an early sowing period, respectively, such crops will be easier to tolerate spring-summer drought.Mustard reacts very strongly to the seeding rate and, accordingly, to the nutritional area for plants, which is caused by its biological characteristics. So, for example, very dense and, on the contrary,rare crops will be unproductive. Based on this, field experiments to study the effect of sowing terms and seeding rates on the yield of aboveground mustard biomass were laid in 2017–2019 in the experimental fields of the Udmurt Scientific Research Institute of RAS UdmFRC UB. The author studied the formed productivity of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) – the Raduga variety, brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.) – the Nika variety, depending on the sowing period – 1 (control), 2, 3 decades of May and the seeding rate – 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 (control), 3.5 and 4.0 million germinating seeds/ha. The study found that in the considered years, mustard seedlings got enough moisture with sufficient precipitation in May-June, as a result of which the sowing period of mustard did not significantly affect its yield. So, on average for the three studied years, the нушв of white mustard was 15.32–15.52 t/ha, brown mustard – 12.88–13.96 t/ha. The highest yield of both types of mustard was formed at a seeding rate of 3.0–4.0 million germinating seeds/ha, for white mustard – 15.64–17.11 t/ha, brown mustard – 13.66–14.85 t/ha.

scholarly journals Sinapis alba L. weed infestation depending on the seeding rate and N fertilizer dose in the steppe Crimea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye.N. Rostova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sinapis Alba L ◽  
Weed Infestation

Dense white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) can suppress weeds, however excessive density negatively influences crop yields. The search for the optimal parameters for applying mineral fertilizers and the consumption of seed material will increase the crop yield and will improve its competitive ability. This work aimed to identify the seeding rate and doses of nitrogen fertilization at which white mustard plants can actively suppress weeds without reducing the productivity of the crop. In the course of this research, we established that S. alba sown at a rate of 2, 2.5 and 3 million seeds per ha suppressed the growth and development of weeds as much as possible. On average, in 2017-2019, the dry weight of weeds in the aforementioned variants was the least and reached 57.9; 42.3 and 38.4 g/m2, respectively. Weed species composition and quantitative parameters of weed infestation depended on the weather conditions of the year. The application of nitrogen fertilizer did not affect significantly the weediness of S. alba crops. The optimal density white mustard plant formed at a seeding rate of 2 million units/ha and, on average, for three years of research, the seed yield in this variant was the highest (0.6 t/ha).

scholarly journals Pathogens present on vegetative organs and seeds of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and chinese mustad (Brassica juncea L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Barbara Majchrzak ◽  
Tomasz P. Kurowski ◽  
Zofia Karpińska
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Alternaria Blight ◽  
Injury Index ◽  
Sinapis Alba L

The research was conducted in the years 1999-2001. The aim of the research was to determine the health condition of overground parts and seeds of white niuslard (<i>Sinapis alba</i> L.) cv. Metex and chinese mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) cv. Małopolska. In all the years of the research alternaria blight was found on the leaves of white mustard which injury index ranged from 5,6% in 2001 to 17,6% in 200O. The most dangerous disease of chinese mustard also was alternaria blight and its symptoms were found on leaves and siliques. The strongest infection of leaves was in 2000 (50%) and the weakest in 2001 (6,7%). In all the years of the research siliques were rather weak infected (50-8,89%). Besides powdery mildew was found on chinese mustard which injury index ranged from 0,3% in 1999 to 32,3% in 2000. Intensity of diseases was affected generally by the weather conditions. From the seeds of white mustard and chinese mustard were isolated respectively 263 and 137 colonies. <i>Alternaria alternata</i> was the most numerous species which makes respectively 60,9% and 42,3% isolates. Among the fungi pathogenic for white and chinese mustard were also isolated: <i>A. brassicae, Botrytis cinerea</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solami</i>.

Assessment of biological and economic efficiency of herbicides in sunflower crops

2018 ◽  
pp. 98-107
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Recently, the interest of farmers in the mustard, as a culture of great opportunities, has increased due to the agronomic and agro-ecological benefits of growing it. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of doses of mineral fertilizers on different seed rates on the productivity of Sarepta and white mustard. The experiment was carried out in 2015-2017 in the experimental field of the Institute of Oilseed Crops. Four seeding rate were studied: 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0 million germinating seeds per hectare. Mineral fertilisers have been applied in the following doses: N50; P60; N50P60; N75P90; N100P120 with presowing cultivation. The study included two varieties of mustard: leaf mustard Prima and white mustard Zaporizhanka. Based on the results of three years of research, the effect of additional mineral nutrition on the indicators of the elements of productivity and yield of varieties of mustard yarrow for different seed rates has been established. The application of different doses of mineral fertilizers has led to an increase in relation to the control of the performance indicators of the mustard element of the spring Sarept variety Prima: the number of pods from 27,0-37,6 to 24,0-42,8 pc. and seeds from 224.3-379.5 to 226.9-442.5 pcs. on one plant, the weight of seeds from one plant from 0,527-0,976 to 0,553-1,302 g and a mass of 1000 seeds from 2,39-2,62 to 2,47-3,03 g. A similar trend was observed in relation to the characteristics of the mustard of the white-seeded white Zaporizhanka: number of pods from 24,0-38,1 to 24,2-45,4 pcs. and seeds from 105,0-172,5 to 108,1-214,8 pc. on one plant, the weight of seeds from one plant from 0,458-0,818 to 0,491-1,152 g and a weight of 1000 seeds with 4,41-4,76 to 4,55-5,40 g. In turn, an increase in the seed rate from 1.5 to 3.0 million pounds per hectare led to a decrease in these indicators. Greater indices of the number of pods and seeds per plant, both in the Prima variety and in the Zaporizhanka variety, are marked by the combined introduction of nitrogen and phosphorus. The largest weight of seeds per plant and the weight of 1000 seeds for the mustard Sarepts Prima variety – respectively 1,302 and 3,03 grams and for white mustard Zaporizhanka – 1,152 and 5,40 grams were obtained in the version with fertilization in a dose N100P120 with a seed rate of 1, 5 million pcs/ha. Analysis of the data on the growth and development of plants of the studied mustard varieties showed that, compared to the control in the fertilizer variant in the dose N100P120, the data increased in accordance with: in the prima variety 0,208-0,326 and 0,36-0,41 g; Zaporizhanka variety is 0,186-0,334 and 0,49-0,65 g. The level of yield, depending on the dose of fertilizers and seed rates, varied: in the prima variety from 1.15-1.76 t/ha; in the Zaporizhanka variety 1.04-1.64 t/ha. The highest yield, as in the Prima variety (1.63-1.76 t/ha), and in the Zaporizhanka variety (1.48-1.64 t/ha) was formed for the introduction of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N100P120. The yield increase in relation to control, depending on the seed rate, was 0.44-0.48 t/ha and 0.44-0.46 t/ha, respectively. The optimum seed rate for the Prima variety, which yielded the highest yield – 1.76 t/ha, was 2.0 million similar seed per hectare, and for Zaporizhanka with a yield of 1.64 t/ha – 2.5 million similar seed per hectare. On average, over three years of research, the content of fat in the mustard seed of the Sarept variety of Prima was within the range: 41.8- 42.2 % in control; in variants with the introduction of mineral fertilizers 41.9-42.4 %, and white mustard Zaporizhanka respectively: 30.0-30.3 % and 29.9-30.7 %. That indicates a rather insignificant influence of the factors studied on this indicator. Taking into account the yield, the maximum yield of oil per hectare for the Prima variety is 655 kg and for the Zaporizhanka variety 429 kg, obtained under the same conditions as yields. Among the agro methods that were studied for the crop formation, the use of mineral fertilizers (r = 0.85) and the poorly cultivar and the seeding rate r = -0.29 and r = -0.06 influenced the use of mineral fertilizers. The content of fats in the seed depended only on the variety r = -0.99. The yield of oil strongly correlated with the grade r = -0,84 and moderate with mineral fertilizers r = -0,47. It should be noted the average yield of the crop with the number of pods r = 0,34 and seed per plant r = 0,45 and the weight of the seeds from one plant r = 0,57.

Effects of Weed Density on Herbicide Absorption and Bioactivity

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Winkle ◽  
J. R. C. Leavitt ◽  
O. C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Brassica Hirta ◽  
Sorghum Plant

The effects of weed density on the phytotoxicity of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] to white mustard (Brassica hirtaMoench) and alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] to foxtail millet [Setaria italica(L.) Beauv.] were determined in the greenhouse. The fresh weight of both plants was reduced by the herbicide treatments, but as the weed density (plants per pot) increased, the herbicide rate required to cause equivalent fresh weight reductions per pot also increased. White mustard and foxtail millet grown in pots absorbed less14C-atrazine or14C-alachlor per plant from the soil at high weed density than low, regardless of herbicide rate. Foxtail millet seedlings grown in petri dishes absorbed less14C-alachlor per plant from aqueous solution as the number of seedlings per petri dish increased. Data from field experiments in 1977 and 1979 indicated that more alachlor or metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide] was required for equal control of a high than low density of forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘Rox Orange’] interseeded in maize (Zea maysL.). Rox Orange sorghum was used to simulate shattercane [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], a problem weed in Nebraska. At the higher Rox Orange sorghum seeding rate used, both alachlor and metolachlor treatments decreased Rox Orange sorghum plant populations but not yield.

scholarly journals Creating competitive galega and bromus cenoses

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Bakshaev ◽  
T. A. Sadokhina ◽  
V. Yu. Listkov
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Thick Medium

Field experiments (2001–2005) were carried out to create optimal schemes for sowing mixtures of perennial grasses in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. Objects of research were Krasnoobsky oats, Eastern galega Gorno-Altayskaya 87, awnless brome Antey. The soil of the plots was medium thick, medium loamy leached chernozem. The experiment was carried out in two layouts spread in time and in space. Grasses were sown under the cover of Krasnoobsky oats. Awnless brome was sown across galega in the first ten days of May. Seeding rate of awnless brome was 3.0; 4.5 and 6.0 million germinating seeds per hectare. Recordings of yield were made according to standard methods. The highest yield of galega dry mass was achieved when it was sown in rows with awnless brome planted with inter-row spacing of 15 cm (it was higher than with 30 cm inter-row spacing by 1.16 t/ ha and 0.63 t/ha, respectively). In the variant “three rows of galega + a row of awnless brome” (3 : 1), the yield of dry mass of the mixture in two cuttings was higher by 5.7 and 2.1% than when they were sown with every other row skipped. The total yield for two cuttings exceeded single-species crops of galega by 0.48–2.03, and awnless brome by 2.15–2.54 t/ha. A tendency towards a decrease in the yield of dry mass in single-species crops of galega with an increase in row spacing was noted. In mixtures sown at the same time according to the 3 : 1 scheme, the yield of dry mass was 5.14 t/ha in the first mowing and 4.05 t/ha in the second. This is higher than in the mixture sown according to the scheme “a row of galega + a row of awnless brome” (1 : 1) by 2.2–7.6, or 2.2–13.1%. Awnless brome in mixtures is more competitive than galega. An increase in the seeding rate of awnless brome from 3.0 to 6.0 million germinating seeds/ha in the herbage of galega increased the yield by 0.9–1.37 t/ha. The yield of dry mass of mixtures sown at the same time was higher than mixtures with awnless brome planted between rows of galega with spacing of 15 cm by 2%, and with row spacing of 30 cm by 10%.

scholarly journals Formation of seed yield of soybean varieties with different growing periods in the western Forest-steppe

1970 ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
V.G. Moldovan ◽  
Zh.A. Moldovan ◽  
S.I. Sobchuk
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Natural Zone ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Late Sowing

Purpose. To establish the influence of sowing terms and seeding rates on the formation of seed yield of soybean varieties with different growing periods in the Western Forest-Steppe natural zone of Ukraine. Methods. Field experiment, calculation and weight, mathematical statistics. Results. It was found that the studied soybean varieties with different growing periods react differently to growing conditions. Among the studied factors, the seeding rate, more than the sowing period, influenced the formation of soybean seed yield. Inparticular, the studied soybean varieties Diadema Podillya, KiVin, Knyazhna and Khutoryanochka in all terms of sowing, the highest grain yield formed at the seeding rate of 900 thousand germinating seeds per 1 ha, while the Triada variety – at the seeding rate of 700 thousand germinating seed sper 1 ha. The increase in yield compared to the seeding rate of 700 thousand germinated seeds per 1 ha was in the Diadema Podillya variety – 8,9-19,2%, in the KiVin variety – 12,4-15,6%, in the Knyazhna variety – 16,0-22,9% and in the Khutoryanochka variety – 4,2-10,1%. Reducing the seeding rate to 500 thousand germinating seeds led to a decrease in productivity for all sowing periods, in the Diadema Podolia variety – by 15,3-23,7%, in the KiVin variety – by 19,6-26,0%, in the Knyazhna variety – by 13,6-18,3%, in the Khutoryanochka variety – by 9,9-11,0% and in the Triada variety – by 17,8-25,7%. Higher indicators of seed yield all the studied soybean varieties formed during the late sowing period. Conclusions. The studied factors had a significant influence on the formation of seed yield of all soybean varieties that were studied – the timing of sowing and seeding rates, as well as the weather conditions of the growing season. The studied soybean varieties reacted differently to a decrease or increase in the seeding rate, however, higher yield indicators were formed due to the late sowing period.

scholarly journals Characterization of five new low-molecular-mass trypsin inhibitors from white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seed

2000 ◽  
Vol 267 (21) ◽  
pp. 6486-6492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margherita Ruoppolo ◽  
Angela Amoresano ◽  
Piero Pucci ◽  
Stefano Pascarella ◽  
Fabio Polticelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Sinapis Alba L

scholarly journals Crop residues on short-term CO2 emissions in sugarcane production areas

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana M. Corradi ◽  
Alan R. Panosso ◽  
Marcílio V. Martins Filho ◽  
Newton La Scala Junior
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Production Areas

The proper management of agricultural crop residues could produce benefits in a warmer, more drought-prone world. Field experiments were conducted in sugarcane production areas in the Southern Brazil to assess the influence of crop residues on the soil surface in short-term CO2 emissions. The study was carried out over a period of 50 days after establishing 6 plots with and without crop residues applied to the soil surface. The effects of sugarcane residues on CO2 emissions were immediate; the emissions from residue-covered plots with equivalent densities of 3 (D50) and 6 (D100) t ha-1 (dry mass) were less than those from non-covered plots (D0). Additionally, the covered fields had lower soil temperatures and higher soil moisture for most of the studied days, especially during the periods of drought. Total emissions were as high as 553.62 ± 47.20 g CO2 m-2, and as low as 384.69 ± 31.69 g CO2 m-2 in non-covered (D0) and covered plot with an equivalent density of 3 t ha-1 (D50), respectively. Our results indicate a significant reduction in CO2 emissions, indicating conservation of soil carbon over the short-term period following the application of sugarcane residues to the soil surface.

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