Assessment of biological and economic efficiency of herbicides in sunflower crops

2018 ◽  
pp. 98-107
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Recently, the interest of farmers in the mustard, as a culture of great opportunities, has increased due to the agronomic and agro-ecological benefits of growing it. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of doses of mineral fertilizers on different seed rates on the productivity of Sarepta and white mustard. The experiment was carried out in 2015-2017 in the experimental field of the Institute of Oilseed Crops. Four seeding rate were studied: 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0 million germinating seeds per hectare. Mineral fertilisers have been applied in the following doses: N50; P60; N50P60; N75P90; N100P120 with presowing cultivation. The study included two varieties of mustard: leaf mustard Prima and white mustard Zaporizhanka. Based on the results of three years of research, the effect of additional mineral nutrition on the indicators of the elements of productivity and yield of varieties of mustard yarrow for different seed rates has been established. The application of different doses of mineral fertilizers has led to an increase in relation to the control of the performance indicators of the mustard element of the spring Sarept variety Prima: the number of pods from 27,0-37,6 to 24,0-42,8 pc. and seeds from 224.3-379.5 to 226.9-442.5 pcs. on one plant, the weight of seeds from one plant from 0,527-0,976 to 0,553-1,302 g and a mass of 1000 seeds from 2,39-2,62 to 2,47-3,03 g. A similar trend was observed in relation to the characteristics of the mustard of the white-seeded white Zaporizhanka: number of pods from 24,0-38,1 to 24,2-45,4 pcs. and seeds from 105,0-172,5 to 108,1-214,8 pc. on one plant, the weight of seeds from one plant from 0,458-0,818 to 0,491-1,152 g and a weight of 1000 seeds with 4,41-4,76 to 4,55-5,40 g. In turn, an increase in the seed rate from 1.5 to 3.0 million pounds per hectare led to a decrease in these indicators. Greater indices of the number of pods and seeds per plant, both in the Prima variety and in the Zaporizhanka variety, are marked by the combined introduction of nitrogen and phosphorus. The largest weight of seeds per plant and the weight of 1000 seeds for the mustard Sarepts Prima variety – respectively 1,302 and 3,03 grams and for white mustard Zaporizhanka – 1,152 and 5,40 grams were obtained in the version with fertilization in a dose N100P120 with a seed rate of 1, 5 million pcs/ha. Analysis of the data on the growth and development of plants of the studied mustard varieties showed that, compared to the control in the fertilizer variant in the dose N100P120, the data increased in accordance with: in the prima variety 0,208-0,326 and 0,36-0,41 g; Zaporizhanka variety is 0,186-0,334 and 0,49-0,65 g. The level of yield, depending on the dose of fertilizers and seed rates, varied: in the prima variety from 1.15-1.76 t/ha; in the Zaporizhanka variety 1.04-1.64 t/ha. The highest yield, as in the Prima variety (1.63-1.76 t/ha), and in the Zaporizhanka variety (1.48-1.64 t/ha) was formed for the introduction of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N100P120. The yield increase in relation to control, depending on the seed rate, was 0.44-0.48 t/ha and 0.44-0.46 t/ha, respectively. The optimum seed rate for the Prima variety, which yielded the highest yield – 1.76 t/ha, was 2.0 million similar seed per hectare, and for Zaporizhanka with a yield of 1.64 t/ha – 2.5 million similar seed per hectare. On average, over three years of research, the content of fat in the mustard seed of the Sarept variety of Prima was within the range: 41.8- 42.2 % in control; in variants with the introduction of mineral fertilizers 41.9-42.4 %, and white mustard Zaporizhanka respectively: 30.0-30.3 % and 29.9-30.7 %. That indicates a rather insignificant influence of the factors studied on this indicator. Taking into account the yield, the maximum yield of oil per hectare for the Prima variety is 655 kg and for the Zaporizhanka variety 429 kg, obtained under the same conditions as yields. Among the agro methods that were studied for the crop formation, the use of mineral fertilizers (r = 0.85) and the poorly cultivar and the seeding rate r = -0.29 and r = -0.06 influenced the use of mineral fertilizers. The content of fats in the seed depended only on the variety r = -0.99. The yield of oil strongly correlated with the grade r = -0,84 and moderate with mineral fertilizers r = -0,47. It should be noted the average yield of the crop with the number of pods r = 0,34 and seed per plant r = 0,45 and the weight of the seeds from one plant r = 0,57.

Influence of mineral nutrition on the productivity of spring mustard at various sowing rates

2018 ◽  
pp. 89-97
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Yield Increase

Recently, the interest of farmers in the mustard, as a culture of great opportunities, has increased due to the agronomic and agro-ecological benefits of growing it. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of doses of mineral fertilizers on different seed rates on the productivity of Sarepta and white mustard. The experiment was carried out in 2015-2017 in the experimental field of the Institute of Oilseed Crops. Four seeding rate were studied: 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0 million germinating seeds per hectare. Mineral fertilisers have been applied in the following doses: N50; P60; N50P60; N75P90; N100P120 with presowing cultivation. The study included two varieties of mustard: leaf mustard Prima and white mustard Zaporizhanka. Based on the results of three years of research, the effect of additional mineral nutrition on the indicators of the elements of productivity and yield of varieties of mustard yarrow for different seed rates has been established. The application of different doses of mineral fertilizers has led to an increase in relation to the control of the performance indicators of the mustard element of the spring Sarept variety Prima: the number of pods from 27,0-37,6 to 24,0-42,8 pc. and seeds from 224.3-379.5 to 226.9-442.5 pcs. on one plant, the weight of seeds from one plant from 0,527-0,976 to 0,553-1,302 g and a mass of 1000 seeds from 2,39-2,62 to 2,47-3,03 g. A similar trend was observed in relation to the characteristics of the mustard of the white-seeded white Zaporizhanka: number of pods from 24,0-38,1 to 24,2-45,4 pcs. and seeds from 105,0-172,5 to 108,1-214,8 pc. on one plant, the weight of seeds from one plant from 0,458-0,818 to 0,491-1,152 g and a weight of 1000 seeds with 4,41-4,76 to 4,55-5,40 g. In turn, an increase in the seed rate from 1.5 to 3.0 million pounds per hectare led to a decrease in these indicators. Greater indices of the number of pods and seeds per plant, both in the Prima variety and in the Zaporizhanka variety, are marked by the combined introduction of nitrogen and phosphorus. The largest weight of seeds per plant and the weight of 1000 seeds for the mustard Sarepts Prima variety – respectively 1,302 and 3,03 grams and for white mustard Zaporizhanka – 1,152 and 5,40 grams were obtained in the version with fertilization in a dose N100P120 with a seed rate of 1, 5 million pcs/ha. Analysis of the data on the growth and development of plants of the studied mustard varieties showed that, compared to the control in the fertilizer variant in the dose N100P120, the data increased in accordance with: in the prima variety 0,208-0,326 and 0,36-0,41 g; Zaporizhanka variety is 0,186-0,334 and 0,49-0,65 g. The level of yield, depending on the dose of fertilizers and seed rates, varied: in the prima variety from 1.15-1.76 t/ha; in the Zaporizhanka variety 1.04-1.64 t/ha. The highest yield, as in the Prima variety (1.63-1.76 t/ha), and in the Zaporizhanka variety (1.48-1.64 t/ha) was formed for the introduction of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N100P120. The yield increase in relation to control, depending on the seed rate, was 0.44-0.48 t/ha and 0.44-0.46 t/ha, respectively. The optimum seed rate for the Prima variety, which yielded the highest yield – 1.76 t/ha, was 2.0 million similar seed per hectare, and for Zaporizhanka with a yield of 1.64 t/ha – 2.5 million similar seed per hectare. On average, over three years of research, the content of fat in the mustard seed of the Sarept variety of Prima was within the range: 41.8- 42.2 % in control; in variants with the introduction of mineral fertilizers 41.9-42.4 %, and white mustard Zaporizhanka respectively: 30.0-30.3 % and 29.9-30.7 %. That indicates a rather insignificant influence of the factors studied on this indicator. Taking into account the yield, the maximum yield of oil per hectare for the Prima variety is 655 kg and for the Zaporizhanka variety 429 kg, obtained under the same conditions as yields. Among the agro methods that were studied for the crop formation, the use of mineral fertilizers (r = 0.85) and the poorly cultivar and the seeding rate r = -0.29 and r = -0.06 influenced the use of mineral fertilizers. The content of fats in the seed depended only on the variety r = -0.99. The yield of oil strongly correlated with the grade r = -0,84 and moderate with mineral fertilizers r = -0,47. It should be noted the average yield of the crop with the number of pods r = 0,34 and seed per plant r = 0,45 and the weight of the seeds from one plant r = 0,57.

scholarly journals Influence of agrotechnical receptions and fertility soils on the yield of the Monsoon variety in the conditions of the Primorsky Territory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Р.В. ТИМОШИНОВ ◽  
Л.Е. БАБИНЕЦ ◽  
Е.Ж. КУШАЕВА ◽  
А.А. ДУБКОВ ◽  
А.Г. КЛЫКОВ
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Представлены результаты исследований реакции растений сои сорта Муссон на изменение норм высева, способа посева и влияния различных систем удобрений на урожайность и качество семян в условиях Приморского края. Для получения максимальной урожайности сои сорта Муссон рекомендуется проводить рядовой посев на 15 см с нормой высева 500–600 тыс. или широкорядный посев на 30 см с нормой высева 550–650 тыс. всхожих семян на 1 га. Показана высокая эффективность комплексной системы удобрений с одинарной дозой минеральных удобрений (Н40 + И4,5 + 1NPK). The article presents the results of studies on the reaction of soybean plants of the Monsoon variety to changes in seeding rates, method of sowing, the influence of various fertilizer systems on the yield and quality of soybean seeds in the Primorsky Territory. It has been established that in order to obtain maximum yield, the soybean Monsoon variety is recommended to be sown with row crops of 15 cm with a seed rate of 500–600 thousand germinating seeds per 1 ha, with a wide-row method of sowing of 30 cm with a seed rate of 550–650 thousand germinating seeds on 1 ha. Of the applied in crop rotation, high efficiency of integrated fertilizer system with a single dose of mineral fertilizers (manure 40 + lime 4.5 + 1NPK) is shown.

scholarly journals The impact of fertilizers on the productivity of white mustard

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-295
Author(s):  
L. V. Hubenko ◽  
O. Y. Lyubchich
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
The Impact

Recently, scientists and producers have been paying increasing attention to niche crops that are able to significantly diversify the monocultural oil field of dominance in the crop rotation of sunflower, soybean and rapeseed. In today's climate, one of these crops is mustard, which at the same time, with the ability to form stable yields of seeds and raw materials of good quality, is distinguished by its relative unpretentiousness to external factors. Purpose. Improvement of elements of technology of cultivation and determination of their influence on productivity of mustard white. Methods. The studies involved the use of standardized methods: field – to determine the yield, biometric records and measurements, laboratory – to determine the agrophysical properties of the soil, the content of the basic nutrients in it, to determine the structure of the crop; calculated – evaluation of the economic efficiency of the elements of white mustard growing technology studied; statistical – analysis of variance. The article presents the results of studies to study the effect of different doses of fertilizers, micro fertilizers on seed yields and oil the content in white mustard seeds. Optimal parameters of elements of technology of cultivation of mustard white, which provide maximum yield in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of Ukraine, are established. As a result of the research, it was found that the highest seed yield of white mustard seed (2,58 t/ha) with oil content (43,29 %) was provided by the application of fertilizer with fertilizer at a dose of N45P60K90 and foliar feeding with Tropicel. The significance of the influence of the investigated factors on the crop yield is estimated. It was established that in 2016–2018. factors in terms of the degree of influence on the yield of the white mustard variety Belaya Princess in terms of importance can be arranged as follows: mineral fertilizers – 14.3 %, treatment of crops with micronutrient fertilizer Tropikel – 52.2 %. Cost-effec-tiveness analysis showed that profitability (225 %) and profit (UAH 32158) reached the highest values by growing white mustard using technology that involves the introduction of N45P60K90 and foliar fertilization of Tropikel microfertilizers. Keywords: mustard white, mineral fertilizers, micro fertilizers, yield, seed quality, cost-effectiveness, Tropicel.

scholarly journals Productivity of durum wheat cultivars depending on seeding rates in the Chuvash Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-302
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Lozhkin ◽  
Nataliya V. Mardaryeva ◽  
Sergey N. Mardaryev
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
Spike Analysis ◽  
Germinating Seeds

The results of two-year experimental data on the growth, development and productivity of spring durum wheat cultivars - Bezenchukskaya Niva and Bezenchukskaya Zolotistaya - in the Chuvash Republic were considered. It was found that decrease in the seeding rate of germinating seeds (from 7 to 3 million per 1 ha) resulted in reducing of the growing period in the studied cultivars of spring durum wheat by 6-7 days. Seeding rate of 5 million seeds per 1 ha provided the maximum density of spike-bearing stems due to the best indicators of general and productive tillering. The formation of the largest main spike with a high grain content in Bezenchukskaya Niva cultivar was noted at the seeding rate from 3 to 5 million seeds per 1 ha. Increase in the seeding rate ( 5 million seeds) led to a decrease in the parameters of the main spike. Analysis of Bezenchukskaya Zolotistaya yield structure did not reveal clear patterns in the change in length and grain size of the main spike resulted from the seeding rate. However, the highest 1000-seed weight (50.4 g) was obtained in the variant with a seeding rate of 6 million seeds pieces. Compared to the control, the maximum yield increase in cv. Bezenchukskaya Niva (1.2 t/ha) was obtained in the variant with a seeding rate of 5 million seeds per 1 ha. The highest yield of cv. Bezenchukskaya Zolotistaya (3.23 t/ha) was obtained at a seeding rate of 6 million seeds per 1 ha.

scholarly journals Impact of foliar fertilizing on the white mustard productivity in the northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukaraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
A.V. Melnyk ◽  
S.V. Zherdetska ◽  
Shahid Ali ◽  
Gulam Shabir ◽  
S.O. Butenko
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Production Complex ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Training Research

The experimental studies were carried out on the fields of the Sumy NAU Training Research and Production Complex (TRPC) during 2016–2018.The soil of the experimental plot is typical deep-medium humus, large-dusty and medium-loam black soil on forest trees. The subject of the research was a white mustard variety of Oslava created at the Institute of Feed and Agriculture of the Podillya NAASU, entered in the Register of varieties suitable for cultivation in Ukraine in 2010. The aim of the research is to optimize the nutrition of the white mustard variety of Oslava through the complex application of mineral fertilizers and foliar fertilization under the conditions of the northeastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. The analysis of weather conditions, in particular the hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov (HTC), established that 2016 season was wet (HTC = 1.60), 2017 and 2018 were dry (HTC = 0.59 and 0.46). During the research, the cultivation technology was generally accepted in the experimental area, except for the elements studied. The results of the three-year study on the influence of foliar fertilizing under different mineral nutrition backgrounds on the yield of the white mustard variety Oslava are presented. It was found that the application of mineral fertilizers and complex fertilizers for the foliar feeding had a positive effect on the morphometric parameters of the white mustard, in particular, increased the plant height and the number of branches of the first order. The use of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N30P30K30 provided an increase in the yield by 0.34 t/ha, N60P60K60 – by 0.55 t/ha, N90P90K90 – by 0.61 t/ha on an average compared to the control. Therefore, for the maximum yield (2.14–2.21 t/ha) with a mass of 1000 seeds (5.39–5.54 g) of the white mustard under the conditions of the Northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, foliar fertilizing of Vuxal boron (3.0 l/ha) + Vuxal bioaminoplant 3.0 l/ha) and Spectrum B + Mo (2.0 l/ha) + Spectrum Ascorist (3.0 l/ha) should be applied on the background of N60-90P60-90K60-90, what provided an increase in the yield compared to the control of 0.58-0.65 t/ha.

scholarly journals Sinapis alba L. weed infestation depending on the seeding rate and N fertilizer dose in the steppe Crimea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye.N. Rostova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sinapis Alba L ◽  
Weed Infestation

Dense white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) can suppress weeds, however excessive density negatively influences crop yields. The search for the optimal parameters for applying mineral fertilizers and the consumption of seed material will increase the crop yield and will improve its competitive ability. This work aimed to identify the seeding rate and doses of nitrogen fertilization at which white mustard plants can actively suppress weeds without reducing the productivity of the crop. In the course of this research, we established that S. alba sown at a rate of 2, 2.5 and 3 million seeds per ha suppressed the growth and development of weeds as much as possible. On average, in 2017-2019, the dry weight of weeds in the aforementioned variants was the least and reached 57.9; 42.3 and 38.4 g/m2, respectively. Weed species composition and quantitative parameters of weed infestation depended on the weather conditions of the year. The application of nitrogen fertilizer did not affect significantly the weediness of S. alba crops. The optimal density white mustard plant formed at a seeding rate of 2 million units/ha and, on average, for three years of research, the seed yield in this variant was the highest (0.6 t/ha).

scholarly journals Biological potency of soil, yelding ability and quality of potato depending on the use of microbiologic specimen

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
S. V. Zhevora ◽  
L. S. Fedotova ◽  
N. A. Timoshina ◽  
E. V. Knyazeva ◽  
A. E. Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Full Dose ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Yield Level

The article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of microbiologic specimen against the background of various doses of mineral fertilizers, and without them. The results were obtained in two short-term experiments for the period from 2015 to 2018.Goal of research: to increase the productivity and quality of potatoes with the integrated use of full and reduced by 30 and 50% doses of mineral fertilizers in combination with various microbiologic specimen by increasing the biological activity of the soil and better nutrient absorption.In the field test (2015-2016, sod-podzolic sandy soil), the yield of potatoes was 24.1-27.9 t / ha (when using mineral fertilizers N45-90P45-90K60-120). When N45P45K60 was combined with preplant treatment of tubers with microbiologic specimen (Azolen, Agrinos «1» and Biocomposite-correct), it increased by 27.6-28.5%, including the increase from microbiologic specimen - 3.5-4.4 t / ha or 14.5-18.3%. In the field test (2016 and 2017-2018, sod-podzolic sandy soil), the maximum yield of potatoes (34.0-35.7 t / ha) was obtained using the microbiologic specimen Extrasol both separately for preplant treatment of tubers, and in combination with foliar application of Agrinos «2» and Extrasol on the background of the full dose of fertilizers N90P90K90. In this case, the yield increase from the biologic specimen was 6.5-8.2 t / ha or 23.6-29.8%.In the variant with a 30% reduced NPK dose and the use of Agrinos [N60P60K60 + Agrinos 1+2 (5+2.5 l / ha)]: the yield level was 4.6 t / ha (17%) higher a full dose of NPK. At the same time high starchiness and vitamin C content, excellent culinary qualities, low levels of nitrates in products; conditional income was 42.3 thousand rubles / ha higher than NPK background, low cost (6.8 rubles / kg), high cost recovery (3.25) and profitability of production 64% were observed.

scholarly journals Influence of mineral fertilizers and seeding rates on the yield and quality of spring wheat grain

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Dmitry Aleksandrovich Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Germinating Seeds

The article presents the results of field research conducted in 2018-2019 on leached Chernozem of the Volga forest-steppe. The objects of research are varieties of spring wheat-Tulaykovskaya 10, Yoldyz and Tulaykovskaya 108. At different seeding rates of 5.0 and 5.5 million germinating seeds per ha, the effect of mineral fertilizers on 1 ha was studied. They were represented by a complete mineral fertilizer (azofoska) and fertilizing with a mineral nitrogen fertilizer in the tillering phase at doses of 30, 60 and 90 kg of AD/ha against this background. Analysis of the yield of spring wheat varieties indicates that the harvest of grain variety Yoldyz in variants with a seeding rate of 5.5 million germinating seeds per ha against the background of the application of ammonium nitrate at a dose of 60 kg of DA (2.52 t/ha) was superior to other varieties Tulaykovskaya 10 and Tulaykovskaya 108 (2.51 and 2.46 t/ha). The maximum increase in seed productivity when adding ammonium nitrate in the tillage phase of the crop was in Tulaykovskaya 10 variety (0.34 t/ha), the lowest in the Yoldyz variety (0.06 t/ha) compared to the variant with amofoska application in the pre-sowing cultivation. When increasing the doses of nitrogen fertilizers there was an increase in the water content of all the studied varieties by 1-3 PCs. While increasing the seeding rate from 5.0 to 5.5 million germinating seeds per 1 ha the number of grains in the ear changed on average for varieties by 1-2 PCs. Of all the studied varieties, the largest mass of 1,000 grains was in the Yoldyz variety (40.56 g) after azofoska application in the presowing cultivation + N60 during tillering at a seeding rate of 5.0 million germinating seeds per 1 ha, the smallest in the Tulaykovskaya 108 variety (37.87 g) after azofoska application at a dose of 0.15 t/ha at a seeding rate of 5.0 million   germinating seeds per 1 ha.

scholarly journals Main directions of development of agro-technologies for production of spring wheat species for sustainable agriculture in the forest-steppe of the middle Volga region

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00071
Author(s):  
Marat Amirov ◽  
Farit Shaikhutdinov ◽  
Igor Serzhanov ◽  
Albina Serzhanova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Middle Volga

The article presents the results of research conducted in different soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Volga region on the influence of regulated factors, as well as environmental factors on the production process of plants of various types of spring wheat. The amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is enough to obtain yields within 12–13 tons of dry biomass or 6–7 tons of grain. Natural precipitation is able to provide 3.82–4.36 t of spring wheat grain from 1 ha, and 4.5–6.3 t/ha by the total influence of solar energy, heat and moisture supply. Natural level of soil fertility without application of organic and mineral fertilizers allows to receive about 2 tons of spring wheat grain from 1 ha. Application of nitrogen in the form of ammoniac water (N-20.5 %) increased the yield in comparison with the use of nitrogen in the form of ammoniac saltpeter: the increase was 0.14 t per 1 ha. In the conditions of grey forest soil in the Predkamye region of the Republic of Tatarstan the optimal norm of sowing of spring wheat Triticum dicoccum Schuebl (spelt) depending on the feeding background was established. Growth of yield at sowing of 6 million seeds per hectare at all levels of nutrition in comparison with sowing rate of 4 million tons per hectare was 0.18 tons per hectare against the natural background, against the estimated background of NRC on 2.0 tons of grain – 0.19 tons and 2.5 tons of grain – 0.24 tons per hectare. The maximum yield increase was received at a combination of a mineral foodstuff with an optimum norm of sowing and has made on a settlement background 2 tons of grain from hectare – 0.20 tons, on 2.5 tons of grain – 0.34 tons from hectare. Thus, the aim of our research was to develop methods of growing high yielding quality grain of different types of wheat adapted to the conditions of forest-steppe in the Volga region.

PRODUCTIVITY OF WHITE AND BROWN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA) DEPENDING ON THE SOWING PERIOD AND SEEDING RATE

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
S.S. ZHIRNYKH ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Germinating Seeds

The formation of high productivity of any agricultural crop largely depends on the sowing period and the seeding rate. It is generally accepted that mustard is less demanding as to the sowing period. However, the moist topsoil is more favorable for better development of the root system in an early sowing period, respectively, such crops will be easier to tolerate spring-summer drought.Mustard reacts very strongly to the seeding rate and, accordingly, to the nutritional area for plants, which is caused by its biological characteristics. So, for example, very dense and, on the contrary,rare crops will be unproductive. Based on this, field experiments to study the effect of sowing terms and seeding rates on the yield of aboveground mustard biomass were laid in 2017–2019 in the experimental fields of the Udmurt Scientific Research Institute of RAS UdmFRC UB. The author studied the formed productivity of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) – the Raduga variety, brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.) – the Nika variety, depending on the sowing period – 1 (control), 2, 3 decades of May and the seeding rate – 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 (control), 3.5 and 4.0 million germinating seeds/ha. The study found that in the considered years, mustard seedlings got enough moisture with sufficient precipitation in May-June, as a result of which the sowing period of mustard did not significantly affect its yield. So, on average for the three studied years, the нушв of white mustard was 15.32–15.52 t/ha, brown mustard – 12.88–13.96 t/ha. The highest yield of both types of mustard was formed at a seeding rate of 3.0–4.0 million germinating seeds/ha, for white mustard – 15.64–17.11 t/ha, brown mustard – 13.66–14.85 t/ha.

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