INSTALLATION FOR PHYSICAL MODELING OF SALINE SOILS WASHING

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
A. E. KASYANOV ◽  
◽  
ISMAIL KHEBA ISMAIL KHEBA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Physical Modeling ◽  
Soil Washing ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
Flow Intensity ◽  
Gradient Measurements ◽  
Moscow Area

Gradients of salts concentrations of the soil solution, rinsing water pressures, filtration coefficients determine the flow intensity of the salt solutions in the aeration zone. There are known a lot of software for calculating the motion of salt solutions in the porous medium. To assess the accuracy of calculations of the salts movement in the soil, the data of gradient measurements are used. The implementation of the known methods of physical modeling on the soil monoliths mounted according to Astapov, lysimetric installations, in experimental leaching of saline soils in the field requires significant material investments, labor and time. Minimum material and labor costs are required for the assembly and use of the proposed design of the installation for physical modeling of saline soil washing. A working prototype of the installation has been developed. It includes piezometers, a case, units of piezometers connection, sampling of soil moisture combined with soil electrodes, equalizing drain, rotating part of the case. Piezometers, drains and connecting hoses, soil moisture sampling unit. The installation case is assembled of separate branch pipes equipped with necks and sealing rings. Filtration investigations and gradient measurements of the salts movement are carried out on the installation. The tests of the installation prototype were fulfilled in the field on the sand pit reclamation map located in the floodplain of the Gzhelka and Moskva rivers of the Ramensk region of the Moscow area. The profile filtration coefficients measured at the installation – 2.33 ± 0.031 m / day and in the field conditions – 2.36 ± 0.041 m / day do not differ significantly.

scholarly journals The effects of soil moisture and salinity as functions of groundwater depth on wheat growth and yield in coastal saline soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 2472-2482 ◽  
Author(s):  
He ZHANG ◽  
Yan LI ◽  
Ya-li MENG ◽  
Nan CAO ◽  
Duan-sheng LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Groundwater Depth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Wheat Growth

EFFECT OF MOISTURE CHANGE AND SALINITY ON THE Mg/Ca RATIO AND RATIO OF Ca/TOTAL CATIONS IN SOIL SOLUTIONS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. CARTER ◽  
G. R. WEBSTER ◽  
R. R. CAIRNS
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Moisture Change ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Effect Of Moisture ◽  
Cation Ratio

The magnitude of change of the Mg/Ca ratio and ratio of Ca/total cations were determined over the available moisture range in the soil solution of saline (Na, Mg and Ca sulfates) and non-saline soils. Estimates of the soil solution were obtained by displacement with ethanol. As the soil moisture declined in saline or near saline soils, the Mg/Ca ratio and Ca/total cation ratio increased and remained relatively stable, respectively. Saturation paste extracts were found to serve as an indicator to changes in the above ratios.

scholarly journals Valorization of Superabsorbent Polymers from Used Disposable Diapers as Soil Moisture Conditioner

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymundo Sánchez-Orozco ◽  
Beatriz Timoteo-Cruz ◽  
Teresa Torres-Blancas ◽  
Fernando Ureña-Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymers ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Disposable Diapers ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Seeds Germination

This study was conducted to explore the potential of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) from used disposable diapers as soil moisture conditioner. Swelling behavior of the proposed hydrogel in response to external stimuli such as salt solutions, temperature and pH was studied. In addition, laboratory experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of incorporation hydrogel on germination of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and pumpkin (C. pepo) seeds. The structure of the superabsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicate that the proposed SAP exhibited a maximum swelling capacity of 189 g.g-1 of dry gel. It was observed that the swelling capacity decreased with an increase in the ionic strength of the swelling medium. When this SAP was mixed with sandy soil, the mixture was able to lose water more slowly. The seeds germination and seedling growth was remarkably influenced by the application of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 w/w% of SAP compared to the untreated soil. Therefore, it follows that it is possible to take advantage of SAPs property from used disposable diapers to retain the moisture in soil as an alternative to value the use of such waste, showing that it has potential for diverse applications in agriculture.

Crystallization of Fe(III)-Oxides from ferrihydrite in salt solutions: osmotic and specific ion effects

Clay Minerals ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Torrent ◽  
R. Guzman
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Ionic Environment ◽  
Activity Effect ◽  
Specific Ion Effects ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Ion Effects

AbstractFerrihydrite transformed to crystalline Fe(III)-oxides in salt solutions but the degree of transformation generally decreased with increasing concentration (decreasing water activity) and haematite was favoured over goethite. More transformation occurred for chloride than for nitrate or sulphate and more for calcium than for magnesium or sodium. Calcium and magnesium favoured haematite over goethite. The results support the hypothesis that haematite not only can be formed but will be favoured over goethite in natural environments with low water activity, for instance dry or saline soils or sediments. The ionic environment modifies the general water activity effect.

scholarly journals ECOETHIC PROBLEMS OF SALINE AND SALTY SOILS IN AZERBAIJAN

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Garib Mamedov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Washing ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Central Section ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Autonomous Republic ◽  
Irrigated Soils

Salinization of plain soils in Azerbaijan Republic has a special place within the ecoethic problems. Saline soils spread widely in Azerbaijan. Approximately about 60% of the Kur-Araz lowland soils wich total area is 2.2 million hectares, became medium and strongly saline soils. In addition, saline soils are spread in Si¬yazan-Sumgait, Jeyranchol areas, in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and other areas of Azerbaijan. In general, moderate and intensive saline soils in the territory of our Republic consist of 1.3 million hectare total area. It means that 15% of the territory of the Republic has suffered this Ecoethicproblem. As a result of carried investigations it was defined that, 565481 hectares of the 1444.9 thousand hectares or 47.6% of total irrigated suitable for agriculture soils of the country, became saline in different degrees (152898 ha or 27% of this less saline, 146235 ha or 25.9% average saline, 223838 ha or 39.6% intensive saline, 42510 ha, or 7.5% salty soils), 508.3 thousand hectares (29.0%) of the different saline degrees (385037 ha or 75.8% of the low saline, 102110 ha, or 20.1% average saline, 21123 ha or 4.1% intensive saline) In the result of assessment of irrigated soils it was defined that 385.1 thousand hectares of soil is insufficient; in addition 103.4 thousand hectares of soil where the level of ground water near the surface, 115.1 thousand hectares of intensive saline soil, 166.6 thousand hectares are shown as the main reason for the combined effect of both factors. The main issue of soil washing is removal of salts from soil where plant roots spread. Plant roots spread layer implies one meter upper layer of the soil. Because, most of the agricultural crops or their root systems are in whole or partially spread under one meter. This layer is called a report layer. Light and medium mechanical composition soils are easy to clean as their water-leakage ability is great. The essence of the strip wash technology is the area defined is be washed being divided into parallel 3-5 lines depending on among-drain distance. The width of the central section 100 m, but the edges of the strips are separated into 50 meters. Washing the first begins with burial of the central zone with water, in the second stage middle strips, and in the third stage continues the burial of the edge strips. The area is prepared for washing generally in intermittent wash. Beds buried with water should be waited for absorption of the water up to depth 1.5-2.0 m. After that, the area is to be watered again. By this way washing continues up to reaching required report norm.

Effects of five different salts on seed germination and seedling growth of Haloxylon ammodendron (Chenopodiaceae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Tobe ◽  
Xiaoming Li ◽  
Kenji Omasa
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Haloxylon Ammodendron ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Low Concentrations

Saline soils contain multiple types of salt, each of which may exert a different effect on seed germination and seedling growth of plants. The effects of five types of salt on the initial growth of Haloxylon ammodendron, a shrub found on both saline and non-saline areas in deserts of China, were investigated. Seeds were incubated at 20°;C in the dark in a solution (0 to –5.1 MPa) of a salt (NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, Na2SO4 or MgSO4) or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000, or in a salt (NaCl or MgCl2) or PEG solution containing a low concentration of CaCl2. Seed germination, seedling growth and cation (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+) contents of seedlings were examined. Each salt had a different effect on seed germination, seedling growth and influx and outflux of cations in the seedlings. In both NaCl and MgCl2 treatments, the addition of low concentrations of CaCl2 favoured seed germination and seedling growth, and reduced K+ outflux from seedlings, but caused no appreciable decrease in the influx of Na+ or Mg2+ into seedlings. Marked abnormalities in seedlings were found only in treatments with Mg2+ salts, but these effects were completely alleviated by a low concentration of Ca2+ (Ca2+/Mg2+ = 0.012). The different responses of the initial growth in H. ammodendron to different isotonic salt solutions were attributed to differences among salt components in membrane permeability, toxicity and effects on functions of the plasma membrane and/or the cell wall.

Alleviatory effects of calcium on the toxicity of sodium, potassium and magnesium chlorides to seed germination in three non-halophytes

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Tobe ◽  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Kenji Omasa
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Artemisia Ordosica ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Seed Germinability ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Germination Experiments

AbstractSaline soils contain numerous salts with varying impact on seed germination. Seeds of three non-halophytic species found in Chinese sandy deserts (Artemisia ordosica, Aristida adscensionis and Bassia dasyphylla) were incubated in salt solutions (NaCl, KCl or MgCl2, each with or without CaCl2) at 20°C in the dark. The effects of each salt on the percentage of seeds from which visibly detectable radicles emerged, and the percentage of seeds with emerging radicles surviving to a length of at least 4 mm, were examined. NaCl, KCl and MgCl2 were toxic to emerging radicles in all three species, but before radicle emergence these salts reduced seed germinability only in A. ordosica. The toxic effects of each salt on the radicles were alleviated in all three species by the addition of low concentrations of CaCl2. MgCl2 was more toxic than NaCl and KCl, and the concentration of CaCl2 needed to alleviate the toxicity of MgCl2 was several times higher than that required for alleviation of NaCl or KCl toxicity. These results suggest that Ca2+ present in saline soils alleviates the toxic effects of other salt components on seed germination, and that the results of germination experiments with a single salt are not always applicable to field conditions.

GROWTH OF HORDEUM JUBATUM UNDER VARIOUS SOIL CONDITIONS AND DEGREES OF PLANT COMPETITION

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Hordeum Jubatum

Hordeum jubatum L. was grown in the greenhouse under various levels of soil moisture, soil salinity, soil fertility, and soil temperature, both alone and in association with other grasses. When grown alone it developed best under high soil moisture and high soil fertility, and low soil salinity. On wet, non-saline soils its growth was restricted by competition from Dactylis glomerata L. On wet, saline soils, where D. glomerata offered little competition, it developed freely. It developed only sparsely on dry or infertile soils. Agropyron elongatum (Host.) P. B. prevented development of H. jubatum on wet, saline soils, and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Phalaris arundinacea L. restricted its development to a high degree. H. jubatum growth was enhanced as soil temperatures were raised from 7 °C through 12° and 20°, to 27°.

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