REDUCTION OF THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF WASTEWATER SLUDGE ON THE SOIL BY ELECTROOSMOTIC DEHYDRATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
A. O. KHOLUDENOVA ◽  
◽  
YU. EFREMOVA
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Variable Voltage ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Made In

The aim of the study is to reduce the negative impact of sewage sludge from the production of cardboard and paper products on the soil by dewatering them with a dehydrator and preparing them for further disposal. Large-scale wastewater sludge from industrial enterprises during utilization is placed at disposal landfills which inevitably leads to a negative impact on the soil cover, littering of territories and withdrawal of the land fund from the economic turnover. In the course of the performed study, the well-known methods of dehydration of moisture-containing material were investigated and there was considered a technical solution to reduce the volume of formation of this type of waste using the example of cardboard and paper production. An electroosmotic installation is proposed, comprising an electrical insulation housing with electrodes: an anode made in the form of a current conductive cover and a cathode made in the form of a conductive perforated bottom of the housing which have a space between them for dehydrated waste. To study the process of sludge dewatering, a series of experiments was carried out on the dehydrator unit with variable voltage parameters between the electrodes. The results of the experimental study were the basis for statistical expressions of the mutual voltage influence between the electrodes, the duration of waste processing, the amount of removed moisture. A model has been obtained that describes the amount of moisture removed during waste treatment. The most productive operating mode of the installation, the time for treatment of waste portion have been established. It has been proven that with the help of an electroosmotic device, up to 70% of moisture is effectively removed from the volume of waste sludge. This makes it possible to significantly decrease their volumes, reduce areas for possible or temporary placement and reduce the ecological load on the environment.

scholarly journals Investigation of the possibilities of dewatering sewage sludge by the method of electroosmosis in order to prevent land littering

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (4) ◽  
pp. 042065
Author(s):  
A O Kholudeneva
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Variable Parameters ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Sludge Waste ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Abstract Wastewater sludge from industrial enterprises is disposed of at disposal sites. This leads to a negative impact on the soil cover. The well-known methods of dehydration of moisture-containing materials have been studied. The chemical composition of sewage sludge was investigated. A technical solution for reducing the volume of wastewater sludge formation is considered on the example of cardboard and paper production. An electroosmotic installation is proposed. To study the process of sludge dewatering, a series of experiments was carried out on the installation with variable parameters of the voltage between the electrodes. A model of the particle velocity in the medium under study was presented. It has been proven that with the help of an electroosmotic device, up to 70% of moisture is effectively removed from the volume of waste sludge waste. This makes it possible to significantly reduce their volumes, reduce areas for possible or temporary placement and reduce the environmental load on the environment.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Wastewater Sludge: A Review of Potential Co-Substrates and Operating Factors for Improved Methane Yield

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ling Chow ◽  
Siewhui Chong ◽  
Jun Wei Lim ◽  
Yi Jing Chan ◽  
Mei Fong Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Waste Food

Anaerobic digestion has been widely employed in waste treatment for its ability to capture methane gas released as a product during the digestion. Certain wastes, however, cannot be easily digested due to their low nutrient level insufficient for anaerobic digestion, thus co-digestion is a viable option. Numerous studies have shown that using co-substrates in anaerobic digestion systems improve methane yields as positive synergisms are established in the digestion medium, and the supply of missing nutrients are introduced by the co-substrates. Nevertheless, large-scale implementation of co-digestion technology is limited by inherent process limitations and operational concerns. This review summarizes the results from numerous laboratory, pilot, and full-scale anaerobic co-digestion (ACD) studies of wastewater sludge with the co-substrates of organic fraction of municipal solid waste, food waste, crude glycerol, agricultural waste, and fat, oil and grease. The critical factors that influence the ACD operation are also discussed. The ultimate aim of this review is to identify the best potential co-substrate for wastewater sludge anaerobic co-digestion and provide a recommendation for future reference. By adding co-substrates, a gain ranging from 13 to 176% in the methane yield was accomplished compared to the mono-digestions.

Water sludge: utilization in the production of construction materials and agriculture Alternative coagulants (a review)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Я. Кофман
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Tree Seeds ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Oil ◽  
Made In

При производстве строительных материалов и в сельском хозяйстве могут быть использованы значительные объемы водопроводных осадков, обеспечивая при этом их утилизацию. Следствием применения осадков в строительной промышленности может стать существенная экономия традиционных сырьевых материалов без ухудшения качества продукции. Налаженных поставок водопроводных осадков на предприятия стройиндустрии, однако, пока не происходит, и в качестве основной причины называют непостоянство их состава. Вместе с тем достигнутые результаты свидетельствуют о значительных усилиях, предпринимаемых в этой области. На основе использования водопроводных осадков разработаны технологии производства цемента, строительного раствора, бетона, кирпича, кровельной черепицы, керамических изделий. Сельскохозяйственное применение водопроводных осадков считается наиболее доступным и масштабным вариантом их утилизации. Содержание органики и тяжелых металлов в водопроводных осадках достаточно ограниченно, что выгодно отличает их от осадков сточных вод и позволяет классифицировать как безопасные. К настоящему времени в целом ряде стран проведены многолетние масштабные эксперименты по использованию водопроводных осадков для корректировки содержания растворимого фосфора в почвах, для связывания растворимых форм мышьяка и хрома и корректировки содержания микроэлементов. Кардинальное решение проблемы водопроводных осадков должно быть связано с уменьшением их образования в процессе водоподготовки. В этом направлении ведется поиск альтернативных коагулянтов, прежде всего растительного происхождения. Достигнутые результаты позволили провести опытно-промышленные испытания водного экстракта семян масличного дерева Moringa oleiferaв качестве коагулянта при очистке поверхностной воды. Utilization of water sludge in significant amounts can be provided by using it in the production of construction materials and in agriculture. The use of water sludge in the construction industry can result in significant savings in traditional raw materials without compromising product quality. However, the supply of water sludge to the construction industry enterprises, has not been established so far, and the instability of its composition is posed as the main reason. At the same time, the results achieved evidence significant efforts made in this area. Based on the use of water sludge, technologies have been developed for the production of cement, building mortar, concrete, brick, roofing tiles, and ceramic products. Agricultural use of water sludge is considered as a most affordable and large-scale option of its disposal. The concentration of organics and heavy metals in water sludge is quite limited, which sets it apart from wastewater sludge and allows it being classified as safe. To date, in a number of countries many years of large-scale experiments have been conducted on the use of water sludge for adjusting the concentration of soluble phosphorus in soils; binding soluble forms of arsenic and chromium, and adjusting the concentration of trace elements. A radical solution to the problem of water sludge disposal should be associated with reducing its amount generated during water purification process. In this direction, studies are being conducted on alternative coagulants, primarily of plant origin. The results achieved made it possible to carry out pilot tests of using aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera oil-tree seeds as a coagulant in the purification of surface water.

scholarly journals Can Warm Behavior Mitigate the Negative Effect of Unfavorable Governmental Decisions on Citizens’ Trust?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Frederik Godt Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Outcome Favorability ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Made In

Abstract For decades, scholars have discussed how to build greater citizen trust in government. I hypothesize that to increase trust in government, we should consider whether decisions made in bureaucrat–citizen encounters (e.g. applications for welfare benefits) are favorable to citizens. Building on insights from social psychology, I argue that in cases where citizens are presented with unfavorable decisions (e.g. rejection of applications), public employees can mitigate the negative impact on trust in government by appearing warm and friendly in the decision-making process. The argument is tested in a large-scale randomized survey experiment on a representative sample of Danish citizens, where I manipulate decision favorability and warmth. The findings reveal that outcome favorability and warmth strongly influence citizens’ trust in government.

scholarly journals HEAVY METALS IN THE SOIL OF POTENTIAL TOBACCO PRODUCTION LOCATIONS IN VRANJE VALLEY

2020 ◽  
pp. 049
Author(s):  
Tatjana Golubović ◽  
Milica Arsić ◽  
Srđan Arsić
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Tobacco Production

Before the change of the ownership of the Vranje Tobacco Industry, there had been a large scale tobacco production in the valley of Vranje. The number of tobacco growing households has declined significantly over the last 15 years, despite the good potential of agricultural land for growing this crop. Given the fact that the quality of tobacco depends on the conditions under which it is grown, above all on the soil quality, it is very important to be familiar with the soil composition and the presence of potential pollutants in soil, as well as the mechanisms of their transmission to the plant. Pollutants in agricultural land originate from natural and anthropogenic sources. Significant anthropogenic sources of soil pollutants are agricultural production (organic fertilizers, pesticides, etc.) and road transport. When it comes to tobacco quality, one of the most important groups of pollutants is heavy metals. Mineral and organic fertilizers, as well as pesticides often contain heavy metals. Considering the above facts, the aim of this paper was to determine and analyze the concentration of heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Zn and Ni in the soil of the villages Neradovac, Ćukovac and Surdul, which are considered as potential sites for tobacco production. The surveys covered two periods, 2005 and 2018 (the analysis of soil) and 2005 (the analysis of tobacco). A comparative analysis of the results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals at the examined locations in soil and tobacco sampled in 2005, as well as the concentrations of heavy metals in soil sampled in 2018, were below the maximum allowable and remediation values. Because the remediation values of pollutants and hazardous substances in the soil are the values, which, if exceeded degrade the level of safety, it can be concluded that these values were not exceeded in either of the analyzed samples and that the soils were potentially safe to use with the additional tests and the necessary limitations in operating mode. Also, the chemical composition of the soil in these areas indicated that the values of the tested parameters were within the optimal values for the growth and development of plants without a negative impact, which again confirms the assumption that these localities are suitable for tobacco production.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Derevenets ◽  
Elizaveta Derevenets
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

RECYCLED BRICK SOUNDPROOF TEST AS AN ALTERNATIVE SUSTAINABLE MATERIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Hendrico Firzandy Latupeirissa ◽  
Gierlang Bhakti Putra ◽  
Niki Prastomo
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Sound Source ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Comfort ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Coarse Grains ◽  
Made In

Brick debris that makes up the majority of construction waste has not received proper waste disposal in Indonesia. On the other hand, brick debris could be potentially reused as non-structural building materials to reduce its negative impact on the environment. This study aims to test the effectiveness of soundproofing on recycled brick debris. The soundproof test was carried out on brick debris in the form of fine and coarse grains. The simulation box is then used as a support for the brickwork material and then the box is exposed to a sound source with a certain level of noise that is considered disturbing human comfort. Noise level measurements are made in the outside and inside the box. These measurements are tabulated and then analyzed to see the success of the two aggregates in reducing noise. Basically, the brickwork material has succeeded in becoming a recycled building material that can absorb noise, although further research must be carried out to be able to state that this material is truly ready to be used as an alternative building material with good acoustic capabilities.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Derevenets ◽  
Elizaveta Derevenets
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

Accidental Sustainability

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Jones
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
The United States ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Whole Foods

This chapter examines the scaling and diffusion of green entrepreneurship between 1980 and the present. It explores how entrepreneurs and business leaders promoted the idea that business and sustainability were compatible. It then examines the rapid growth of organic foods, natural beauty, ecological architecture, and eco-tourism. Green firms sometimes grew to a large scale, such as the retailer Whole Foods Market in the United States. The chapter explores how greater mainstreaming of these businesses resulted in a new set of challenges arising from scaling. Organic food was now transported across large distances causing a negative impact on carbon emissions. More eco-tourism resulted in more air travel and bigger airports. In other industries scaling had a more positive impact. Towns were major polluters, so more ecological buildings had a positive impact.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Metal Organic Frameworks by Ball-Milling

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Cheng-An Tao ◽  
Jian-Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Made In

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used in adsorption, separation, catalysis, sensing, photo/electro/magnetics, and biomedical fields because of their unique periodic pore structure and excellent properties and have become a hot research topic in recent years. Ball milling is a method of small pollution, short time-consumption, and large-scale synthesis of MOFs. In recent years, many important advances have been made. In this paper, the influencing factors of MOFs synthesized by grinding were reviewed systematically from four aspects: auxiliary additives, metal sources, organic linkers, and reaction specific conditions (such as frequency, reaction time, and mass ratio of ball and raw materials). The prospect for the future development of the synthesis of MOFs by grinding was proposed.

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