scholarly journals RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF SEXUAL ABUSE CASES APPLIED TO DİCLE UNIVERSITY FORENSIC MEDICINE DEPARTMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Cem UYSAL ◽  
Zeliha YILDIRIM
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
School Level ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Secondary School Level ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Short And Long Term

Sexual abuse is a global public health problem that causes many medical, legal, social and economic problems in the short and long term. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics and variables of our sexual abuse cases with the literature data. We retrospectively analyzed 175 cases who applied to our department for sexual abuse between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2018. It was determined that 143 of 175 cases were found under the age of 18. 91,4% of the cases in our study were female and 8,6% were male. It has been observed that victims are frequently abused by people they know. It was found that 17 of the cases were abused by their family members. It was observed that most of those who denied the incident were victims of incest. When the education status of the victims during the incident is examined; 60 (34.3%) cases were found to be at primary school level, 19 (10.9%) cases were found to be at secondary school level, 11 (6.3%) cases were found to be at high school level; It was determined that 78 of all cases (44.6%) still continue their education and 22 cases (12.6%) quit their education. Lesions were detected in the sexual examination of 45(25,7%) of 175 cases; 39 (22,3%) of these cases had acute lesions and 6 (3,4%) of these cases had chronic lesions. Pregnancy occurred in 4 of the victims. Suicide attempts of 8 (4,6%) cases were determined. As a result, sexual abuse is a problem that requires a multi-faceted approach. Common centers should be established to raise the awareness of the society, to prevent sexual abuse, and to support the victims psychologically and socially. Procedural challenges should be reduced, media support should be obtained, and primary protection activities should be organized.

scholarly journals Awareness on Sexual Abuse among Adolescents in Baglung District of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Anita Sharma ◽  
Kamala Rana Magar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Social System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Sexual abuse is a pervasive public health problem that affects all directly or indirectly causing many short- and long-term struggles for victims, families, communities and the whole social system. Although sexual abuse is growing as a major problem in community, especially among the adolescents the trend and facts have not been explored adequately. Therefore, a descriptive study entitled "Awareness on Sexual Abuse among Adolescents" was carried out among 114 students of grade 9 and 10 in Tribhuvan Secondary School at Baglung Municipality. Census method was adopted and self-administered structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 16. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed, almost 51 percent had low level of awareness on sexual abuse, and prevalence rate of sexual abuse was 18.4 percent. Out of 114 respondents, 38.6 percent were of age 14 years and 66.7 percent of the respondents were studying in grade 10. The highest proportion 38.6 percent were Brahmin and 71.0 percent got information about sexual abuse from their teachers. More than half (59.6%) respondents define try to rape as a sexual abuse. There was significant association between education of respondents with awareness on sexual abuse. It is concluded that the awareness on sexual abuse is low among adolescents therefore there is need of awareness program and education to adolescents in the school and community for improving their knowledge as well as to make them aware of sexual abuse.

scholarly journals Food allergy: knowledge level of food handlers at school canteens

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Liz Martins ◽  
I Estrela
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
School Level ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
High Knowledge

Abstract Background Food allergy becomes a public health problem whose prevalence in children is increasing. Due to the daily number of children using school canteens, these settings play an important role on allergic reactions prevention, being essential to know the knowledge level of food handlers. Methods This study focused on Portuguese schools of the city of Porto, that daily offer 6500 lunches to children aged 3 to 10 years old. The study was performed in all school canteens having children with food allergies (n = 25). To evaluate knowledge level on food allergy, a questionnaire was applied to all food handlers responsible for meals serving, considering hot topics related to food allergy and cross contamination practices. Each question was scored: 0 (lack); 1 (correct); -1 (incorrect), ranged 0 to 20 points. The knowledge level was converted in a 4-level scale: <50% (non-acceptable); 50-74% (acceptable); 75-89% (good); 90-100% (very good). Results Despite of 44.9% of food handlers presented a good level knowledge, it was observed that 38.8% of participants showed non-acceptable values. The knowledge mean level was 11.9 (±4.1) points. A high knowledge was observed for cooks (13.8±3.0) and canteen managers (20.0±0.0) (p = 0.006), as well as, for a high school level. Only 36.7% of participants had training on food allergy, with no influence on knowledge level (0.610). Participants having training on food safety has a higher knowledge level (13.0±3.9) than food handlers having no training (9.8±3.7) (p = 0.008). The majority of respondents showed to know food handling good practices when exposed to case studies related to food allergy. Conclusions A positive level of knowledge on food allergies was observed for the majority of food handlers. Nevertheless, a high number of participants had no training on food allergy. This work has a potential impact on children's health, awareness for the need to implement regular training actions and surveillance systems at school canteens. Key messages A large number of food handlers showed non-acceptable knowledge levels and no training on food allergy. Professional category influenced knowledge, being important the motivation and training of all employees.

Older versus Younger: The Role of Entry Age for Students who Begin Kindergarten with Disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Michael A. Gottfried ◽  
Cameron Sublett
Keyword(s):  
First Grade ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
School Level ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Kindergarten Entry ◽  
Kindergarten Entry Age ◽  
Entry Age ◽  
Policies And Practices

Background/Context The age at which children can enter kindergarten continues to be discussed in both educational research and practice, and the debate for whether to increase kindergarten entry age remains active on both sides. A critical oversight has been the lack of attention paid towards entry age for those students who begin school with a disability (“SWDs”). The lack of empirical evidence in this domain is highly concerning given that statewide policies and practices that affect the general schooling population will now also be affecting SWDs who are increasingly being educated in general education classrooms and schools and are hence subject to general educational policies and practices. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of the Study Our study asked the following two research questions: 1. For children who begin kindergarten with a disability, does older versus younger entry age link to differences in short- and long-term achievement outcomes? 2. For children who begin kindergarten with a disability, does older versus younger entry age link to differences in short- and long-term socio-emotional measures? Population/Participants/Subjects This study utilizes data from the newly released Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999. Data were collected in several waves: the fall and spring of kindergarten (1998-99), in the spring of 1st grade (1999-00), the spring of 3rd grade (2002), the spring of 5th grade (2004), and the spring of 8th grade (2007). We analyzed data from the elementary school waves. Research Design This study examined two sets of outcomes. First was reading and math achievement. The second set included socioemotional scales based on both teacher ratings of child behavior. These outcomes were regressed on a measure for having attended kindergarten at an older entry age as well as a wide span of child and family characteristics. Error terms were clustered at the school level to account for nested data. Findings The findings of the current study suggest there is little evidence that older kindergarten entry age links to differences in academic achievement for entrants with disabilities. However, older entrants with disabilities had much fewer instances of problem behaviors compared to those children with disabilities who began school at a younger age. Older entrants with disabilities also had higher social skills compared to entrants with disabilities who entered school at a younger age, though these findings were short-run, with little evidence extending beyond first grade. Conclusions/Recommendations Later kindergarten entry may be one way to help SWDs ease the transition into schooling, given that prior research has found that kindergarten entry for SWDs can elevate stress and anxiety for this vulnerable group of students. Hence, SWDs might be especially benefitting greatly from an extra year of maturation before beginning formal schooling. Future research might examine what interventions and developmental services might be best at boosting SWDs’ development during that additional time prior to school.

scholarly journals Association between suicide risk and traumatic brain injury in adults: a population based cohort study

2020 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2019-136860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueh-Chien Lu ◽  
Ming-Kung Wu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Cong-Liang Zhang ◽  
Ying-Yi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Global Public Health

BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, and its treatment is potentially a heavy economic burden. Suicide is another global public health problem and the second leading cause of death in young adults. Patients with TBI are known to have higher than normal rates of non-fatal deliberate self-harm, suicide and all-cause mortality. The aim of this study was to explore the association between TBI and suicide risk in a Chinese cohort.MethodThis study analysed data contained in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database for 17 504 subjects with TBI and for 70 016 subjects without TBI matched for age and gender at a ratio of 1 to 4. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to estimate subsequent suicide attempts in the TBI group. Probability of attempted suicide was determined by Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsThe overall risk of suicide attempts was 2.23 times higher in the TBI group compared with the non-TBI group (0.98 vs 0.29 per 1000 person-years, respectively) after adjustment for covariates. Regardless of gender, age or comorbidity, the TBI group tended to have more suicide attempts, and the risk attempted suicide increased with the severity of TBI. Depression and alcohol attributed disease also increased the risk of attempted suicide in the TBI group.ConclusionSuicide is preventable if risk factors are recognised. Hence, TBI patients require special attention to minimise their risk of attempted suicide.

scholarly journals School Nurses Avoid Addressing Child Sexual Abuse

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbet Engh Kraft ◽  
GullBritt Rahm ◽  
Ulla-Britt Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexually Abused ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Abused Children ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
The Individual

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a global public health problem with major consequences for the individual child and society. An earlier Swedish study showed that the school nurses did not initially talk about nor mention CSA as one form of child abuse. For the child to receive adequate support, the disclosure is a precondition and is dependent on an available person prepared to listen. The aim of the study was to explore the ability of the school nurses to detect and support sexually abused children. It is a secondary analysis of focus group interviews with school nurses. Thematic analysis was performed. Results showed that the school nurses avoided addressing CSA due to arousal of strong emotions, ambivalence, and a complicated disclosure process. In order to detect CSA and support abused children, attentiveness of sexual abuse as a possible cause of physical and mental ill-health is crucial.

Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark N. Gilroy ◽  
Juan C. Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Syphilis, a chronic, sexually transmitted disease caused by the extracellular spirochete Treponema pallidum, has exhibited a remarkable resurgence in recent years. Despite the existence of inexpensive, easily administered, and highly effective antibiotic treatments, maternal and neonatal syphilis infections continue to be a major global public health problem. In addition to its potential to cause morbidity in the mother, untreated gestational syphilis (GS) can lead to serious adverse outcomes in the offspring, including stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, and neonatal death. Congenital syphilis (CS) is regarded as a missed opportunity during the antenatal care of the mother, resulting from socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors that promote mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of syphilis. This chapter emphasizes emerging concepts about screening aimed at controlling the ongoing epidemic, including serological screening of mother and infant, newer paradigms of “reverse screening,” clinical presentation, therapy, and long-term neurodevelopmental disabilities that must be a component of follow-up care.

Psychological Maltreatment and Digital Addiction

2019 ◽  
pp. 138-155
Author(s):  
Gökmen Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Psychological Maltreatment ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Short And Long Term

Internet use enhances people's quality of life, yet, excessive use may lead to various problems for their healthy development and wellbeing. Understanding the risks and protective factors in the development of internet addiction have importance to promote individuals' mental health and wellbeing. Therefore, the purpose of the present chapter is to explore the role of psychological maltreatment in the development of internet addiction. Psychological maltreatment is a significant public health problem associated with a range of short and long-term mental health and wellbeing outcomes during the period from childhood to adulthood. Considering the outcomes, it is clear that maltreated individuals are at risk to develop internet addiction disorder, and psychological maltreatment has a crucial role in the development of internet addiction. However, evidence on this issue is relatively limited, and there is a need for further research investigating short and long-term impacts of psychological maltreatment on internet addiction.

scholarly journals Effect of Educational Level on Oral Health in Peritoneal and Hemodialysis Patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulsen Bayraktar ◽  
Idil Kurtulus ◽  
Rumeyza Kazancioglu ◽  
Isil Bayramgurler ◽  
Serdar Cintan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
School Level ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Secondary School Level ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
Higher Educational

Background. In previous studies, the oral and dental health statuses were compared in hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients without taking into account the effect of educational levels on oral health. Hence we aimed to make a comparison of these parameters based upon the subjects educational levels.Patients and Methods. 76 PD (33 males, 43 females-mean age:44±12years) and 100 HD (56 males, 44 females-mean age:46±14years) patients were included. The number of decayed, missing and filled teeth were detected, DMFT index was calculated and plaque index (PI) values were assessed.Results. Significantly higher numbers of filled teeth (P<.001) and lower PI values (P<.01) in the PD group were detected with higher educational levels, whereas no significance was detected in the HD group. Higher DMFT index values were assessed in the lower educated and high school levels in PD than HD patients (P<.05). Higher numbers of filled teeth (P<.05) were detected in the secondary school level in PD patients. This difference was even more significant in the high school level (P<.001).Conclusion. We assume that PD patients, who were found to be in a higher educational level, are more caring for their oral health as compared to HD patients.

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