Peculiarities of residential buildings deformation with connected block-sections collision as a result of uneven settlement on collapsible soils

Instrumental inspections and studies experience and results of nine-storeyed residential buildings block-sections actual strained-deformed state under the conditions of their collision in territories of 25 to 35 m thick collapsible soils in Zaporizhzhia city and the subsidence value of 100 cm and more are summarized. It is shown that depending on the process of uneven settlement in the time value of deviation vectors is stabilized over time along with the stabilization of subsidence and deformation of block-section structures on the collision area. It has been established that uneven settlement growth processes stabilization, block-sections deviation from vertical and collision forces is achieved at equilibrium between subsidence values, collision forces of block-sections and resistance of wall sections.

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Impact of Technical, Human, and Organizational Risks on Reliability of Fire Safety Systems in High-Rise Residential Buildings—Applications of an Integrated Probabilistic Risk Assessment Model

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10248918 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (24) ◽

pp. 8918

Author(s):

Samson Tan ◽

Darryl Weinert ◽

Paul Joseph ◽

Khalid Moinuddin

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Case Studies ◽

Fire Safety ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Probabilistic Risk Assessment ◽

Active Systems ◽

High Rise ◽

Safety Systems ◽

Over Time ◽

Probabilistic Risk

The current paper presents an application of an alternative probabilistic risk assessment methodology that incorporates technical, human, and organizational risks (T-H-O-Risk) using Bayesian network (BN) and system dynamics (SD) modelling. Seven case studies demonstrate the application of this holistic approach to the designs of high-rise residential buildings. An incremental risk approach allows for quantification of the impact of human and organizational errors (HOEs) on different fire safety systems. The active systems considered are sprinklers, building occupant warning systems, smoke detectors, and smoke control systems. The paper presents detailed results from T-H-O-Risk modelling for HOEs and risk variations over time utilizing the SD modelling to compare risk acceptance in the seven case studies located in Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Singapore, and UK. Results indicate that HOEs impact risks in active systems up to ~33%. Large variations are observed in the reliability of active systems due to HOEs over time. SD results indicate that a small behavioral change in ’risk perception’ of a building management team can lead to a very large risk to life variations over time through the self-reinforcing feedback loops. The quantification of difference in expected risk to life due to technical, human, and organizational risks for seven buildings for each of 16 trial designs is a novel aspect of this study. The research is an important contribution to the development of the next generation building codes and risk assessment methods.

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Towards Spatially Explicit Agent-based Model for Simulation of Informal Transport Infrastructure Indirect Growth Dynamic in Informal Settlements

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-w3-273-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol XL-2/W3 ◽

pp. 273-279

Author(s):

H. Vahidi ◽

W. Yan

Keyword(s):

Informal Settlement ◽

Informal Settlements ◽

Transport Infrastructure ◽

Spatially Explicit ◽

Construction Process ◽

Agent Based ◽

Growth Phenomenon ◽

Different Types ◽

Over Time ◽

Settlement Growth

The informal construction of dwellings (housing) and the informal growth of transport infrastructure are two main dynamics of an informal settlement growth phenomenon that may influence each other over time. Some studies have been done to understand the growth mechanisms of informal settlements, but not enough attention has been paid to study the informal growth of transport infrastructure dynamic. In this study, the morphology and spatial pattern of different types of informal settlements have been reviewed and categorized to clearly define and formulate the mechanisms of informal transport infrastructure formation in the context of informal settlement. To this end, two different dynamics have been suggested in this study for modelling of the growth of informal transport infrastructure. In the first suggested dynamic, the infrastructure is extended directly as the result of consolidation of the physical signs of dwellers’ movement (foot prints) on the environment over time. In the second proposed dynamic that is the main focus of this study, the informal infrastructure growth could be considered as the function of dwelling construction (housing) dynamic in the settlement. In this context, informal transport infrastructure is extended based on an indirect dynamic by consideration of the void spaces by dwellers as the accessibility corridors in the settlement during the construction process of the settlement. Finally, to study the validity of the second proposed dynamic for modelling of the indirect growth of informal transport infrastructure, a simple conceptual model was developed and tested and the results were evaluated and discussed.

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Foundations in tamped trenches for series 121-T nine-story residential buildings constructed on collapsible soils

Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering ◽

10.1007/bf01711557 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 163-166

Author(s):

V. L. Rafal'zuk ◽

V. I. Galaktionov ◽

A. L. Panin ◽

O. V. Lobanov

Keyword(s):

Residential Buildings ◽

Collapsible Soils ◽

Tamped Trenches

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EXPERIENCE OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLATE AND PILE FOUNDATION IN COMPLEX ENGINEERING AND GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

Bridges and tunnels Theory Research Practice ◽

10.15802/bttrp2021/233980 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 78-84

Author(s):

V. D. PETRENKO ◽

V. I. KRYSAN ◽

V. V. KRYSAN ◽

I. S. CHEHODAIEV

Keyword(s):

New Technologies ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Residential Building ◽

Construction Technology ◽

Large Area ◽

Soil Cement ◽

Geological Conditions ◽

Deformed State ◽

Complex Engineering ◽

Slab Foundation

Purpose. An urgent issue for the construction of foundations in complex engineering and geological conditions is the development of new technologies for the construction and monitoring of buildings built in deep beams. The purpose of this article is to development a technology for eliminating cavities with the help of vertical rigid soil-cement elements. Methodology. Using the experience gained in designing foundations in complex engineering and geological conditions, it was proposed to implement a new type of pile-slab foundation. It includes reinforced vertical hanging piles based on drilling and mixing technology and a slab foundation. An algorithm for monitoring houses built in deep gorges and pile-slab foundations using a system of wells and marks is also proposed. Findings. Scientific substantiation of construction technology in Solomianskyi District of Kyiv has been performed, where there are areas that, given the variable height and saturation of various wastes, are very difficult to use for construction, especially in the construction of houses with large area and height within 9 … 16 floors. The results of construction of a ten-storey frame-type residential building with an underground length of 102.5 m and a width of 14.0 m are presented. Originality. Based on the performed calculations, the dependences of the deformed state of the pile-slab foundations during the construction of high-rise residential buildings are obtained. It is proved that when applying the technology of creating vertical hanging piles, the values of maximum allowable deformations of the house and the foundation meet the requirements of current regulations of Ukraine. Practical value. The use of pile-slab foundation in complex engineering and geological conditions made it possible to develop the technology of construction of a ten-storey building.

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Holistic Diagnosis of Rising Damp and Salt Attack in Two Residential Buildings in Kumasi, Ghana

Journal of Construction Engineering ◽

10.1155/2014/398627 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kofi Agyekum ◽

Joshua Ayarkwa ◽

Christian Koranteng

Keyword(s):

Residential Buildings ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Sodium Sulphate ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soluble Salts ◽

Sandy Gravel ◽

Clay Particles ◽

Sulphate Salts ◽

Over Time ◽

Rising Damp

Rising damp is one of the most severe phenomena that leads to decay and deterioration of both old and modern types of buildings. This study employed a holistic approach to dampness investigation and sought to examine the problem of rising damp in the walls of two residential apartments in Kumasi, Ghana. The study sought to determine the types of soluble salts and their concentrations in the soils and accumulated percentages in the walls over time and whether there exists any linkage between the salts in the walls and those in the ground. Results from the geotechnical survey of the building sites found that the soils on site 1 consisted of silty sandy gravel with some clay particles and those on site 2 consisted of silty sandy soil with some clay and traces of gravel. The study identified several groups of salts in the walls of the buildings, with the most damaging and dangerous being magnesium sulphate, magnesium chloride, and sodium sulphate salts. Similar salts were identified in the soil samples from the trial pits. The results therefore indicate a linkage between the salts found in the ground and those found in the walls and therefore confirm the presence of rising dampness.

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Study the Application of PHC Piles to Treat Collapsible Loess Soils

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.1649 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 446-449 ◽

pp. 1649-1652

Author(s):

Hong Xia Liu

Keyword(s):

Static Pressure ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Commercial Building ◽

High Rise ◽

Collapsible Soils ◽

Collapsible Loess ◽

Calculation Results ◽

Porosity Ratio ◽

Experimental Values

Some project in Henan Province of China mainly includes high-rise residential buildings, multi-storey commercial building and the garage, and the building fields are collapsible soils which belong to non-weight grade Ⅱ. 315 static pressure PHC piles were constructed in square shape, 7 holes were drilled at the places near or close to the PHC pile, porosity ratio, weight and non-weight collapsibility coefficients were in-door tested, and corresponding calculation results reveal that: static pressure PHC piles can efficiently eliminate loess collapsibility of the fields, there are differences between the porosity ratios of experimental values and theoretical values, so the construction testing and acceptance should be based on the in-situ testing results, and these conclusions provide basis for the similar projects in future.

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Arhitektes Dainas Dannebergas devums arhitektūrā 20. gadsimta otrajā pusē

Inženierzinātņu un augstskolu vēsture ◽

10.7250/iav.2019.002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 11-33

Author(s):

Ilze Gudro ◽

Jānis Krastiņš

Keyword(s):

Residential Buildings ◽

Polytechnic Institute ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Public Buildings ◽

Historical Significance ◽

Significant Events ◽

Technical University ◽

Over Time

Rakstā atspoguļots ievērojamās latviešu arhitektes Dainas Dannebergas devums Latvijas arhitektūrā, kā arī dzīves nozīmīgie notikumi un izaugsme. Dzīvojot un strādājot padomju varas gados, arhitekte projektējusi gan dzīvojamās, gan sabiedriskās ēkas, kas joprojām tiek izmantotas un kuru kultūrvēsturiskās nozīmes līmenis laika gaitā ir noteikti audzis. Atpazīstamākais arhitektes projektētais objekts ir Rīgas Politehniskā institūta (RPI), tagad Rīgas Tehniskās universitātes (RTU), studentu pilsētiņa Ķīpsalā. Pie tās projektēšanas D. Danneberga strādāja no 1969. līdz 1986. gadam. Arhitekte izstrādājusi arī vairāku citu mācību iestāžu, kā arī sabiedrisko un dzīvojamo ēku projektus, kas realizēti gan Latvijā, gan ārpus tās.The article reflects the contribution of the renowned Latvian architect Daina Danneberga to Latvian architecture, as well as the significant events and growth of her life. While living and working in Soviet times, the architect has designed both residential and public buildings, which are still in use and whose cultural and historical significance has surely increased over time. The most recognizable object designed by the architect is the Student Campus of Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI), now Riga Technical University (RTU), on the Ķīpsala Island. It was designed by D. Danneberga from 1969 to 1986. The architect has also developed projects for several other educational institutions as well as public and residential buildings, both in Latvia and abroad.

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Analyzing the Tradeoffs Between Economies of Scale, Time-Value of Money, and Flexibility in Design Under Uncertainty: Study of Centralized Versus Decentralized Waste-to-Energy Systems

Journal of Mechanical Design ◽

10.1115/1.4031422 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 138 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Michel-Alexandre Cardin ◽

Junfei Hu

Keyword(s):

Economies Of Scale ◽

Unit Cost ◽

Waste To Energy ◽

Small Scale ◽

Time Value Of Money ◽

Time Value ◽

Decentralized Design ◽

Reduce Unit Cost ◽

Value Of Money ◽

Over Time

This paper presents and applies a simulation-based methodology to assess the value of flexible decentralized engineering systems design (i.e., the ability to flexibly expand the capacity in multiple sites over time and space) under uncertainty. This work differs from others by analyzing explicitly the tradeoffs between economies of scale (EoS)—which favors designing large capacity upfront to reduce unit cost and accommodate high anticipated demand—and the time value of money—which favors deferring capacity investments to the future and deploying smaller modules to reduce unit cost. The study aims to identify the best strategies to design and deploy the capacity of complex engineered systems over time and improve their economic lifecycle performance in the face of uncertainty by exploiting the idea of flexibility. This study is illustrated using a waste-to-energy (WTE) system operated in Singapore. The results show that a decentralized design with the real option to expand the capacity in different locations and times improves the expected net present value (ENPV) by more than 30% under the condition of EoS α = 0.8 and discount rate λ = 8%, as compared to a fixed centralized design. The results also indicate that a flexible decentralized design outperforms other rigid designs under certain circumstances since it not only reduces transportation costs but also takes advantage of flexibility, such as deferring investment and avoiding unnecessary capacity deployment. The modeling framework and results help designers and managers better compare centralized and decentralized design alternatives facing significant uncertainty. The proposed method helps them analyze the value of flexibility (VOF) in small-scale urban environments, while considering explicitly the tradeoffs between EoS and the time-value of money.

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