Analysis of The Causes of Death in Indonesia Due to Accident Based on The Sample Registration System from 2014 to 2016

Sample Registration System (SRS) is a demographic survey for providing data on causes of death (COD) in Indonesia. The quality of COD will be taken into consideration for health policies development. This paper aims to assess the quality of data on the causes of death in Indonesia through the proportion and level of garbage codes on the impact when used in policy making. The 2014 National COD data set were assessed by applying the Analysis of National Causes of Death for Action (ANACONDA) software tool version 3.7.0. Distributions and levels of unusable and insufficiently specified “garbage” codes were analyzed. The Result shows, Diseases of the circulatory system (62.6%) contributed the most to garbage cause of death. The proportion of unusable COD was 31% of total data. 80% of garbage code were unspecified deaths group. Most of the garbage codes has low-level on severity of impact level for policy, while 11% of total codes has medium, high dan very high level of impact. In Conclusion, the 2014 SRS data was not at high quality, but the implications of garbage code in making inappropriate policies are mostly at low level. The use of low-level codes has less important impact on public health policy. The 2014 SRS data could be considered as a scientific basis evidence for public health policy. Quality improvement still needs to be done by conducting training and refreshing to determine the cause of death for doctors and data collection techniques for data collectors Keywords : Cause of Death, quality of data, Sample Registration System, ANACONDA Abstrak Sample Registration System (SRS) merupakan survei demografi untuk menyediakan data penyebab kematian (COD) di Indonesia. Kualitas COD akan menjadi bahan pertimbangan dalam membuat kebijakan kesehatan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menilai kualitas data penyebab kematian di Indonesia melalui besar proporsi dan level kode sampah terhadap dampak yang ditimbulkan ketika digunakan dalam membuat kebijakan. Data penyebab kematian nasional tahun 2014 dinilai dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Analisis Penyebab Kematian Nasional untuk Tindakan (ANACONDA) versi 3.7.0. Distribusi dan level kode "sampah" yang tidak dapat digunakan dianalisis dengan menggunakan ANACONDA. Hasil analisis menunjukkan, Diseases of the circulatory system (62.6%) berkontribusi terbanyak dalam hal kode sampah. Proporsi kode sampah yang tidak dapat digunakan adalah 31% dari total kode. Kode sampah yang paling umum digunakan adalah kelompok penyebab kematian tidak spesifik dan kelompok penyebab kematian antara. Berdasarkan tingkat keparahan dalam membuat kebijakan, sebagian besar kode sampah termasuk kategori level rendah, hanya 11% dari total kode memiliki tingkat dampak sedang, tinggi dan sangat tinggi. Kesimpulannya, kualitas data SRS 2014 masih kurang baik, namun implikasi yang ditimbulkan kode sampah dalam membuat kebijakan yang salah sebagian besar berada pada level rendah. Penggunaan kode-kode level rendah memiliki dampak yang kurang penting bagi kebijakan kesehatan masyarakat. Data penyebab kematian SRS 2014 layak dipertimbangkan untuk digunakan sebagai dasar kebijakan Kesehatan masyarakat. Pelatihan penentuan penyebab kematian untuk dokter dan juga petugas AV perlu dilakukan agar kualitas data COD selanjutnya dapat lebih baik Kata kunci: penyebab kematian, kualitas data, Sample Registration System, ANACONDA

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Measurement of Inequality and Compression of Mortality in India for 4 Decades: 1970–2015

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.222 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 68-68

Author(s):

Mukesh Parmar

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Gini Coefficient ◽

Age At Death ◽

Registration System ◽

Death Rates ◽

Male And Female ◽

Inequality Measures ◽

Sample Registration System ◽

Dispersion Measures ◽

Measurement Of Inequality

Abstract The studies relating to measurement of compression of Mortality in India is scarce. Most of the studies relating to mortality in India are focused on either life expectancy, or adult, and child mortality. We have used methods suggested by Kannisto (2000) and Canudos (2008) to measure the compression of mortality phenomenon for India for four decades viz. 1970-2015. Dispersion measures like simple mean, median, modal age at death; and some complicated measures like life disparity, standard deviation above mode, standard deviation in highest quartile, Interquartile range, Gini coefficient, AID and C-family were calculated for India from 1970-2015. We used the age specific death rates from abridged Life tables given by Sample Registration System published by Govt. of India. Our results show that inequality in mortality is decreasing in general but the gap between male and female is increasing. There was an average of three years difference in mean and modal age at death between male females in 2011-15. Overall, mean, median and modal age at death has increased in four decades but other inequality measures like Gini coefficient, AID, Standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation has decreased in four decades in India. C50 indicator, which indicates that 50 percent of deaths are happening in that age interval, declined from 26 years to 20 years for males and 27 years to 17 years for females, thus indicating the rate of compression of mortality is higher for females than males in India during 1970-75 till 2011-15.

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Use of verbal autopsy and social autopsy in humanitarian crises

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000640 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. e000640 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lisa-Marie Thomas ◽

Lucia D’Ambruoso ◽

Dina Balabanova

Keyword(s):

Community Involvement ◽

Verbal Autopsy ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Vital Statistics ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Specific Information ◽

Holistic View ◽

Registration System ◽

Social Autopsy ◽

Humanitarian Crises

IntroductionTwo billion people live in countries affected by conflict, violence and fragility. These are exceptional situations in which mortality shifts dramatically and in which civil registration and vital statistics systems are often weakened or cease to function. Verbal autopsy and social autopsy (VA and SA) are methods used to assign causes of death and understand the contexts in which these occur, in settings where information is otherwise unavailable. This review sought to explore the use of VA and SA in humanitarian crises, with a focus on how these approaches are used to inform policy and programme responses.MethodsA rapid scoping review was conducted on the use of VA and SA in humanitarian crises in low and middle-income countries since 1991. Drawing on a maximum variation approach, two settings of application (‘application contexts’) were selected and investigated via nine semi-structured expert interviews.ResultsVA can determine causes of death in crisis-affected populations where no other registration system is in place. Combined with SA and active community involvement, these methods can deliver a holistic view of obstacles to seeking and receiving essential healthcare, yielding context-specific information to inform appropriate responses. The contexts in which VA and SA are used require adaptations to standard tools, and new mobile developments in VA raise specific ethical considerations. Furthermore, collecting and sythesising data in a timely, continuous manner, and ensuring coordination and communication between agencies, is important to realise the potential of these approaches.ConclusionVA and SA are valuable research methods to foster evidence-informed responses for populations affected by humanitarian crises. When coordinated and communicated effectively, data generated through these methods can help to identify levels, causes and circumstances of deaths among vulnerable groups, and can enable planning and allocating resources effectively, potentially improving health system resilience to future crises.

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Assessing mortality registration in Kerala: the MARANAM study

Genus ◽

10.1186/s41118-021-00149-z ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aashish Gupta ◽

Sneha Sarah Mani

Keyword(s):

Vital Statistics ◽

Middle Income ◽

Registration System ◽

Individual Level ◽

Civil Registration ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Registration Data ◽

Life Expectancy At Birth ◽

Sample Registration System ◽

Low And Middle Income

AbstractComplete or improving civil registration systems in sub-national areas in low- and middle-income countries provide several opportunities to better understand population health and its determinants. In this article, we provide an assessment of vital statistics in Kerala, India. Kerala is home to more than 33 million people and is a comparatively low-mortality context. We use individual-level vital registration data on more than 2.8 million deaths between 2006 and 2017 from the Kerala MARANAM (Mortality and Registration Assessment and Monitoring) Study. Comparing age-specific mortality rates from the Civil Registration System (CRS) to those from the Sample Registration System (SRS), we do not find evidence that the CRS underestimates mortality. Instead, CRS rates are smoother across ages and less variable across periods. In particular, the CRS records higher death rates than the SRS for ages, where mortality is usually low and for women. Using these data, we provide the first set of annual sex-specific life tables for any state in India. We find that life expectancy at birth was 77.9 years for women in 2017 and 71.4 years for men. Although Kerala is unique in many ways, our findings strengthen the case for more careful attention to mortality records within low- and middle-income countries, and for their better dissemination by government agencies.

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Analysis of Causes of Death Among Brought-in-Dead Cases in a Third-Level Hospital in Lusaka, Republic of Zambia, Using the Tariff Method 2.0 for Verbal Autopsy: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.2.17243/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yuta Yokobori ◽

Jun Matsuura ◽

Yasuo Sugiura ◽

Charles Mutemba ◽

Martin Nyahoda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Verbal Autopsy ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Vital Statistics ◽

Capital City ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Registration System ◽

Death Notification ◽

Hospital Deaths ◽

Tariff Method ◽

Level Hospital

Abstract Background Over one third of deaths in Zambian health facilities involve someone who has already died before arrival (i.e., brought in dead [BiD]), and in most BiD cases, the causes of death (CoD) have not been fully analyzed. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the CoD of BiD cases using the Tariff Method 2.0 for automated verbal autopsy (VA), which is called SmartVA.Methods The target site was one third-level hospital in the Republic of Zambia’s capital city. All BiD cases aged 13 years and older at this facility from January to August 2017 were included. The deceased’s closest relatives were interviewed using a structured VA questionnaire (Population Health Metrics Research Consortium Shortened Questionnaire) and the data were analyzed using the SmartVA to determine the CoD at the individual and population level. The CoDs were compared with description on the death notification forms by using t-test and Cohen’s kappa coefficient.Results Approximately 1500 cases were included (average age = 47.2 years, 61.8% males). The top CoD were infectious diseases, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, tuberculosis, and malaria, followed by non-communicable diseases, such as stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus (DM). The comparison with the CoD distribution among hospital deaths showed that the trends were similar except for DM, which was greater among hospital deaths, and malaria and accident, which were less frequent in the main CoD. The proportion of cases with a determined CoD was significantly higher when using the SmartVA (75%) than the death notification form (61%). A proportion (42.7%) of the CoD-determined cases matched in both sources, with a low concordance rate (kappa coefficient = 0.1385).Conclusions The CoD of the BiD cases were successfully analyzed using the SmartVA for the first time in Zambia. While there many erroneous descriptions on the death notification form, the SmartVA could determine the CoD among more BiD cases. Since the information on the death notification form is reflected in the national vital statistics, more accurate and complete CoD data are required. In order to strengthen the death registration system with accurate CoD, it will be useful to embed the SmartVA in Zambia’s health information system.

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India’s Civil Registration System: a potentially viable data source for reliable subnational mortality measurement

10.1101/2020.04.03.20052894 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chalapati Rao ◽

Mamta Kansal

Keyword(s):

Cause Of Death ◽

Civil Registration System ◽

Registration System ◽

Civil Registration ◽

Medical Certification ◽

Sample Registration System ◽

Reliable Source ◽

Data Source ◽

Near Future

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe Indian national Civil Registration System (CRS) is the optimal data source for mortality measurement, but is yet under development. As an alternative, data from the Sample Registration System (SRS) which covers less than 1% of the national population is used. This article presents a comparative analysis of mortality measures from the SRS and CRS in 2017, and explores the potential of the CRS to meet these subnational data needs.MethodsData on population and deaths by age and sex for 2017 from each source were used to compute national and state level life tables. Sex specific ratios of death probabilities in five age categories (0-4, 5-14, 15-29, 30-69, 70 -84, 85+) were used to evaluate CRS data completeness, using SRS probabilities as reference values. The quality of medically certified causes of death was assessed through hospital reporting coverage and proportions of deaths registered with ill-defined causes from each state.ResultsThe CRS operates through an extensive infrastructure with high reporting coverage, but child deaths are uniformly under reported, as well as female deaths in some states. However, at ages 30 to 69 years, CRS death probabilities are higher than the SRS values in 15 states in males and 10 states in females. SRS death probabilities are of limited precision for measuring mortality trends and differentials. Medical certification of cause of death is affected by low hospital reporting coverage.ConclusionsThe Indian CRS is more reliable than the SRS for measuring adult mortality in several states. Targeted initiatives to improve the recording of child and female deaths, to strengthen the quality of medical certification of cause of death, and to promote use of verbal autopsy methods are necessary to establish the CRS as a reliable source of sub national mortality statistics in the near future.KEY MESSAGESThe Sample Registration System (SRS) is currently the main source of mortality statistics in India, since the Civil Registration System (CRS) is yet under developmentLimitations in sample size as well as problems with quality of causes of death result in considerable uncertainty in population level mortality estimates from the SRSThis research evaluated the quality of the sex and age specific mortality risks from the CRS, using the SRS values in each state as reference valuesThe CRS has high levels of reporting coverage for death registration, and also measures higher levels of mortality at ages 30 to 69 years in several states, with high precisionInterventions are required to improve child death registration, strengthen medical certification of cause of death in hospitals, and introduce verbal autopsy for home deathsThese interventions will establish the CRS as a routine and reliable source for national and subnational mortality measurement in India in the near future

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Development of definitions of suicidal behaviours

Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention ◽

10.1093/med/9780198834441.003.0012 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 87-92

Author(s):

José M. Bertolote ◽

Danuta Wasserman

Keyword(s):

Cause Of Death ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Suicide Mortality ◽

Sociocultural Factors ◽

Vital Registration ◽

Quality Of Information ◽

Registration System ◽

Vital Registration System ◽

Over Time

This chapter covers definitions of suicidal behaviours and how they vary over time, reflecting predominant philosophies and schools of thought. The limitations in the quality of information about suicide mortality, as a common feature affecting the whole vital registration system, are discussed. The smaller the coverage a country receives, the greater the probability of distortions, which adds to any previous distortions already flawing the data. It should be strongly emphasized that these shortcomings affect the system as a whole, and hence all causes of death. However, suicidologists seem to be much more punctilious about under-reporting of suicide, and the essential unreliability of this information, than experts dealing with mortality from other causes. Coordinated efforts should be made to strengthen those systems, paying attention to the specificity of sociocultural factors’ influence on defining, recording, and reporting suicide as a cause of death.

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Stochastic Analysis of Infant Deaths by Age and Estimation of Parameters

Journal of Institute of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/jist.v20i1.13903 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Brijesh P. Singh ◽

Shweta Dixit ◽

Tapan Kumar Roy

Keyword(s):

Age Distribution ◽

Real Data ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Estimation Of Parameters ◽

Registration System ◽

Death Rates ◽

Digit Preference ◽

Infant Deaths ◽

Sample Registration System ◽

Vital Registration System

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is a sensitive and powerful index of development. Birth and death, registered through vital registration system in the developing countries suffer from age misreporting, omissions and under count. To overcome this defectiveness in data and to obtain reliable estimates of birth and death rates, India introduced Sample Registration System (SRS) in 1960 but still they suffer from considerable degree of errors. It is observed in retrospective surveys that events are misreported due to ignorance and digit preference of the respondents. Thus, the data on deaths collected, suffer from one defect or other as mentioned above. To resolve this problem attempts have been made to develop and fit suitable models to data on age distribution of deaths. In this paper an attempt has been made to develop a model with an idea of the majority of infant deaths occurs within the first month of their life. The model is used to give a functional shape to the phenomenon of infant deaths distribution and apply on real data taken from NFHS.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(1): 1-5

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Adapting and validating the log quadratic model to derive under-five age- and cause-specific mortality (U5ACSM): a preliminary analysis

Population Health Metrics ◽

10.1186/s12963-021-00277-w ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jamie Perin ◽

Yue Chu ◽

Francisco Villaviciencio ◽

Austin Schumacher ◽

Tyler McCormick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Standard Approach ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Mortality Pattern ◽

Registration System ◽

High Functioning ◽

Under Five ◽

Sample Registration System ◽

Specific Mortality ◽

Health Programming

Abstract Background The mortality pattern from birth to age five is known to vary by underlying cause of mortality, which has been documented in multiple instances. Many countries without high functioning vital registration systems could benefit from estimates of age- and cause-specific mortality to inform health programming, however, to date the causes of under-five death have only been described for broad age categories such as for neonates (0–27 days), infants (0–11 months), and children age 12–59 months. Methods We adapt the log quadratic model to mortality patterns for children under five to all-cause child mortality and then to age- and cause-specific mortality (U5ACSM). We apply these methods to empirical sample registration system mortality data in China from 1996 to 2015. Based on these empirical data, we simulate probabilities of mortality in the case when the true relationships between age and mortality by cause are known. Results We estimate U5ACSM within 0.1–0.7 deaths per 1000 livebirths in hold out strata for life tables constructed from the China sample registration system, representing considerable improvement compared to an error of 1.2 per 1000 livebirths using a standard approach. This improved prediction error for U5ACSM is consistently demonstrated for all-cause as well as pneumonia- and injury-specific mortality. We also consistently identified cause-specific mortality patterns in simulated mortality scenarios. Conclusion The log quadratic model is a significant improvement over the standard approach for deriving U5ACSM based on both simulation and empirical results.

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Pelaksanaan Registrasi Kematian dan Penyebab Kematian di Kota Ambon Tahun 2014

Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan ◽

10.22435/mpk.v29i1.394 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Eva Sulistiowati ◽

Kartika Handayani

Keyword(s):

Focus Group ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Focus Group Discussion ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Vital Statistics ◽

Death Registration ◽

Registration System

Abstract The registration system of death and cause of death as part of a good Civil Registration and Vital Statistics System (CRVS) form the basis for planning, monitoring and evaluating development programs. Ambon City as one of the development areas for recording death and causes of death since 2010 shows results that are still under-estimated (below 7 permill). Evaluation of the implementation process is needed to find out the obstacles. The qualitative methods include in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and collecting secondary data as supporting data. The analysis is part of the Comprehensive Evaluation Study on the Development of the Death Registration System and the Causes of Death in 14 districts/cities in Indonesia in 2014, carried out by triangulation and thematically compiled. The results obtained that the system of birth and death registration in the city of Ambon is already well-organized: there are regional regulations regarding the administration of population administration even though they have not included information on causes of death; the difference in vital registration data from various agencies; limited human resources, funds, facilities and infrastructure; and public awareness to report births/deaths still low. To increase the coverage of death registration and causes of death, it is necessary: local government regulations that include the cause of death; formation of joint committees and “one data” vital statistics; Autopsy Verbal (AV) workshop/training; utilization of funds from the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget and Health Operational Costs optimally; cooperation with community leaders (Muhabet) and socialization to the community. Abstrak Sistem registrasi kematian dan penyebab kematian sebagai bagian dari Sistem Registrasi Sipil dan Statistik Vital (Civil Registrations and Vital Statistics/CRVS) yang baik menjadi dasar untuk perencanaan, monitoring, dan evaluasi program pembangunan. Kota Ambon sebagai salah satu daerah pengembangan kegiatan pencatatan kematian dan penyebab kematian sejak tahun 2010, menunjukkan hasil yang masih under estimate (dibawah 7 permil). Evaluasi proses pelaksanaan diperlukan untuk mengetahui kendala yang dihadapi. Metode yang digunakan kualitatif meliputi wawancara mendalam, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dan mengumpulkan data sekunder sebagai data pendukung. Analisis merupakan bagian dari Studi Evaluasi Menyeluruh Pengembangan Sistem Registrasi Kematian dan Penyebab Kematian di 14 kabupaten/kota di Indonesia Tahun 2014, dilakukan dengan triangulasi dan disusun secara tematik. Hasil yang diperoleh bahwa sistem pencatatan kelahiran dan kematian di Kota Ambon sudah tersistem dan tertata cukup baik, ada peraturan daerah tentang penyelenggaraan administrasi kependudukan walaupun belum mencakup keterangan penyebab kematian; adanya perbedaan data registrasi vital dari berbagai instansi; keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, dana, sarana prasarana; serta kesadaran masyarakat untuk melaporkan kejadian kelahiran/kematian yang masih rendah. Untuk meningkatkan cakupan registrasi kematian dan penyebab kematian, diperlukan: regulasi pemerintah daerah yang menyertakan penyebab kematian; pembentukan komite bersama dan “one data” statistik vital; workshop/pelatihan Autopsy Verbal (AV); pemanfaatan dana Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD) dan Biaya Operasional Kesehatan (BOK) secara optimal; kerjasama dengan tokoh masyarakat (Muhabet), dan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat.

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