scholarly journals Viral Agents Associated with Poult Enteritis in Croatian Commercial Turkey Flocks

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Lojkić ◽  
Marina Biđin ◽  
Zdenko Biđin ◽  
Milivoj Mikec
Keyword(s):  
Gene Segment ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Avian Reovirus ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Turkey Coronavirus ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Enteritis Virus ◽  
Poult Enteritis

From 2003 to 2006, samples of intestinal content and spleens from 10-day-old to 6-week-old fattening turkeys showing clinical signs of enteritis were analyzed by specific PCR and RT-PCRs for detection of haemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV), avian reovirus (ARV), turkey astrovirus-2 (TastV-2), and turkey coronavirus (TCV). A total of 23 flocks from 6 farms were included in the study. Specific sequence for HEV hexon gene was present in 6 samples from turkeys younger than and in one turkey at 6 weeks of age. A product of TastV-2 capsid gene was detected in 17/23 intestinal content samples. A 626-bp band of sigma A (S2) encoding gene segment from avian reovirus was present in three samples, all from the same farm. Sequence analysis of 450 bp fragment of avian reovirus sigma A encoding gene sequence showed that our strain had the identity of 91.3% with the strains 138, 2408, 1733, 919, T6, and Os161. No TCV specific PCR band was found in any sample. Four flocks were positive simultaneously for HEV and TastV-2, and three flocks on TastV-2 and ARV. Severity of poult enteritis described in our study is caused by immunosuppressive TastV-2 in combination with HEV or ARV.

scholarly journals Poult Enteritis and Mortality Syndrome in Turkey Poults: Causes, Diagnosis and Preventive Measures

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2063
Author(s):  
Awad A. Shehata ◽  
Shereen Basiouni ◽  
Reinhard Sting ◽  
Valerij Akimkin ◽  
Marc Hoferer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Enteric Disorders ◽  
And Control ◽  
Enteropathogenic Viruses ◽  
Poult Enteritis

Poult enteritis and mortality syndrome (PEMS) is one of the most significant problem affecting turkeys and continues to cause severe economic losses worldwide. Although the specific causes of PEMS remains unknown, this syndrome might involve an interaction between several causative agents such as enteropathogenic viruses (coronaviruses, rotavirus, astroviruses and adenoviruses) and bacteria and protozoa. Non-infectious causes such as feed and management are also interconnected factors. However, it is difficult to determine the specific cause of enteric disorders under field conditions. Additionally, similarities of clinical signs and lesions hamper the accurate diagnosis. The purpose of the present review is to discuss in detail the main viral possible causative agents of PEMS and challenges in diagnosis and control.

scholarly journals PrP P102L and Nearby Lysine Mutations Promote Spontaneous In Vitro Formation of Transmissible Prions

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Kraus ◽  
Gregory J. Raymond ◽  
Brent Race ◽  
Katrina J. Campbell ◽  
Andrew G. Hughson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prion Protein ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Protein Aggregates ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Specific Sequence

ABSTRACT Accumulation of fibrillar protein aggregates is a hallmark of many diseases. While numerous proteins form fibrils by prion-like seeded polymerization in vitro, only some are transmissible and pathogenic in vivo. To probe the structural features that confer transmissibility to prion protein (PrP) fibrils, we have analyzed synthetic PrP amyloids with or without the human prion disease-associated P102L mutation. The formation of infectious prions from PrP molecules in vitro has required cofactors and/or unphysiological denaturing conditions. Here, we demonstrate that, under physiologically compatible conditions without cofactors, the P102L mutation in recombinant hamster PrP promoted prion formation when seeded by minute amounts of scrapie prions in vitro. Surprisingly, combination of the P102L mutation with charge-neutralizing substitutions of four nearby lysines promoted spontaneous prion formation. When inoculated into hamsters, both of these types of synthetic prions initiated substantial accumulation of prion seeding activity and protease-resistant PrP without transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) clinical signs or notable glial activation. Our evidence suggests that PrP's centrally located proline and lysine residues act as conformational switches in the in vitro formation of transmissible PrP amyloids. IMPORTANCE Many diseases involve the damaging accumulation of specific misfolded proteins in thread-like aggregates. These threads (fibrils) are capable of growing on the ends by seeding the refolding and incorporation of the normal form of the given protein. In many cases such aggregates can be infectious and propagate like prions when transmitted from one individual host to another. Some transmitted aggregates can cause fatal disease, as with human iatrogenic prion diseases, while other aggregates appear to be relatively innocuous. The factors that distinguish infectious and pathogenic protein aggregates from more innocuous ones are poorly understood. Here we have compared the combined effects of prion seeding and mutations of prion protein (PrP) on the structure and transmission properties of synthetic PrP aggregates. Our results highlight the influence of specific sequence features in the normally unstructured region of PrP that influence the infectious and neuropathogenic properties of PrP-derived aggregates.

Effect of protein rich diet on experimental pathology of necrotic enteritis in broilers

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Ferdoush ◽  
MM Rashid ◽  
M Dipti ◽  
P Roy ◽  
PM Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Experimental Pathology ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Protein Rich

This study was designed to know the effect of protein rich diet (50% fish meal) on the experimental pathology of necrotic enteritis in broilers. The Clostridium (Cl.) perfringens was obtained from the Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University. Reconfirmation and recharacterization of Cl. perfringens were performed by culture, microscopic examination, staining and biochemical tests. The experimental pathologic studies were performed with supplementation of protein rich diet and challenged with Cl. perfringens in broilers. The dose of the inoculum for experimental infection with Cl. perfringens was 1x108 CFU/2.5ml. Fifteen birds of 21 days old were divided into 3 (A, B and C) groups each containing 5 birds. Birds of group A were fed with 50% fish meal at a rate of 500gm /kg of feed from day 21 to day 34 and challenged from day 28 to day 32 with 1x108 CFU/2.5ml. Birds of group B were fed with normal feed and challenged on day 28 for consecutive five days. Group C was kept as control with commercial normal pellet without Cl. perfringens. Birds of all groups were observed up to 34 days of age for clinical signs. Eighty percent (4/5) of the birds of group A developed moderate clinical signs like diarrhoea, ruffled feather and less feed intake whereas 40% (2/5) birds of group B developed same clinical signs like group A but in mild form. There was no mortality in any groups. All the birds were sacrificed at Day 35. Severe necrosis and hemorrhage in intestine, enlarged liver and hemorrhage in the base of heart were noted in the birds of group A. On an average 2-5 bacteria were found in impression smear of intestines in higher magnification (100x), and anaerobic bacteria counted from intestinal content was 1.51x107CFU/ml. In histopathology, necrosis and reactive cells were found in liver, heart, lung and sloughing off intestinal epithelium was also found in intestines. On the other hand similar lesions like group A were observed in the birds of group B but in moderate form and no bacteria was found in impression smears of intestines. Anaerobic bacteria counted from intestinal content of this group was 1.1x107CFU/ml. In histopathology necrosis, reactive cells were found but less than group A. The birds of group C were normal in all parameters. However, anaerobic bacteria count from the intestinal content was 0.8x107CFU/ml. From this study, it may be concluded that protein rich diet is a predisposing factor for necrotic enteritis in broilers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i1.17729 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013). 11 (1): 21-29

scholarly journals Mycoplasma spp. in captive snakes (Boa constrictor and Bothrops atrox) from Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Souza Neil Magalhães ◽  
Leandro dos Santos Machado ◽  
Arthur de Almeida Figueira ◽  
Thomas Salles Dias ◽  
Thiago de Almeida Feijó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mycoplasma Species ◽  
First Report ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Boa Constrictor ◽  
Bothrops Atrox ◽  
Mycoplasma Spp

ABSTRACT: Although rare, mycoplasmas are included among the causes of respiratory diseases in reptiles and, in the order Squamata, three reports of these microorganisms causing diseases in pythons have already been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Mycoplasma species in captive snakes. A total of 26 snakes of the families Pythonidae (13), Boidae (7), Viperidae (5) and Colubridae (1) from RioZoo, Brazil, were evaluated. Animals were examined to determine clinical signs consistent with any infectious disease. Tracheal swab samples from snakes were collected in Frey medium and analyzed for the presence of Mycoplasma spp.by isolation and a genus-specific PCR. DNA sequencing analyses of six positive samples by PCR were carried out to identify the species. Using isolation 19.23% (5/26) was positive, while 65.38% (17/26) of the animals were positive by PCR. Based on the analyses of the six sequences obtained, there was similarity with a Mycoplasma spp. previously described in a phyton and, M. agassizii and M. testudineum reported in chelonians. This is the first report of Mycoplasma spp. in animals of the families Boidae and Viperidae. Mycoplasma spp. were detected in snakes with and without clinical signs. The mycoplasmas reported resented identity (range, 95% to 100%) to others already described in reptiles. There was no relationship between the presence of Mycoplasma spp. and clinical signs.

scholarly journals Diagnostic and Prognostic Indications of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Engku Nur Syafirah E. A. R. ◽  
Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola ◽  
Chan Yean Yean
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Suppressors ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Pcr Multiplex ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Epstein Barr

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a disease that is highly associated with the latent infection of Epstein–Barr virus. The absence of obvious clinical signs at the early stage of the disease has made early diagnosis practically impossible, thereby promoting the establishment and progression of the disease. To enhance the stride for a reliable and less invasive tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of NPC, we synopsize biomarkers belonging to the two most implicated biological domains (oncogenes and tumor suppressors) in NPC disease. Since no single biomarker is sufficient for diagnosis and prognosis, coupled with the fact that the known established methods such as methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), multiplex methylation-specific PCR, microarray assays, etc., can only accommodate a few biomarkers, we propose a 10-biomarker panel (KIT, LMP1, PIKC3A, miR-141, and miR-18a/b (oncogenic) and p16, RASSF1A, DAP-kinase, miR-9, and miR-26a (tumor suppressors)) based on their diagnostic and prognostic values. This marker set could be explored in a multilevel or single unified assay for the diagnosis and prognosis of NPC. If carefully harnessed and standardized, it is hoped that the proposed marker set would help transform the diagnostic and prognostic realm of NPC, and ultimately, help prevent the life-threatening late-stage NPC disease.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Rotavirus A and Campylobacter jejuni infections in children with diarrhea in Twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Sadiq ◽  
Habib Bokhari ◽  
Zobia Noreen ◽  
Rai Muhammad Asghar ◽  
Nazish Bostan
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rotavirus A ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Background Acute diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children particularly in developing countries of Asia and Africa. The present study was conducted to detect the two most important pathogens, rotavirus and Campylobacter Jejuni in children suffering with diarrhea in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan in 2014. The clinical and epidemiological aspects of the disease were also investigated. Methods A total of 500 stool samples were collected from children presented with clinical signs and symptoms of acute diarrhea. The samples were initially screened for the presence of rotavirus A (RVA) via ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase PCR) and then were analysed for C. jejuni by using species specific PCR assay. Results The detection rate of RVA was 26.4% (132/500) while, Campylobacter was detected in 52% (260/500) of samples with C. jejuni accounted for 48.2% (241/500) of all study cases. Co-infection of C. jejuni with RVA was identified in 21.8% of all cases. Children with RVA and C. jejuni co-infection showed a higher probability (p = 0.01) to be dehydrated. A significant association (p = 0.02) was found between C. jejuni positive status and fever in children. The median age of children with both RVA and C. jejuni infection was 6–11 months. The RVA detection rate was high in winter months of the year while, C. jejuni infections were documented high in summer over 1 year study period. Conclusions The overall results have demonstrated the high prevalence of C. jejuni in Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Pakistan in 2014. The results of present study will not only help to calculate disease burden caused by C. jejuni and rotavirus but also will provide critical information to health authorities in planning public health care strategies against these pathogens.

scholarly journals ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemoalbiventris’ and tick-borne pathogens screening in white-eared opossums (Didelphis albiventris) from Curitiba and Foz do Iguaçu Cities, Paraná State, southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Prestes Antonangelo de Oliveira ◽  
Flávia Carolina Meira Collere ◽  
Larissa Dantas Roeder Ferrari ◽  
Vanessa dos Santos Coradi ◽  
Nathália de Albuquerque Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Gapdh Gene ◽  
Didelphis Albiventris

Abstract Hemoplasmas are epierythrocytic bacteria that infect mammals. ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemoalbiventris’ was detected in white-eared opossums (Didelphis albiventris) from southern and central-western Brazil. The present study aimed at: i) screening opossums for tick-borne (TBP) pathogens (Piroplasmida and Anaplasmataceae) and ii) detecting and characterizing hemoplasma species infecting opossums from Curitiba and Foz do Iguaçu cities in the Paraná State, southern Brazil. Thirty blood samples from white-eared opossums were evaluated by PCR assays. Animals were not infested by ectoparasites. The mammalian endogenous gapdh gene was consistently amplified in all samples. All opossums tested negative for Theileria/Babesia spp. and Ehrlichia/Anaplasma spp. by PCR based on 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes, respectively. A genus-specific PCR assay based on the 16S rRNA gene of hemoplasmas showed that three/13 (23.08%; CI 95%: 8.18-50.26%) opossums from Foz do Iguaçu were positive for hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. All opossums from Curitiba tested negative for hemoplasmas. Sequencing of both the 16S and 23S rRNA genes revealed that the animals were infected by ‘Ca. M. haemoalbiventris’. Although ‘Ca. M. haemoalbiventris’ is prevalent in opossums in Brazil, clinical signs associated with its infection and its putative vectors remain unknown.

scholarly journals Detection And Molecular Characterization of Theileria Ovis in Sheep And Goats with Clinical The Ileriosis in Kurdistan, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Zuber Ismael Hassen ◽  
Azad Abdullah Meerkhan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Single Test ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Species Specific

This study was carried out to detect Theileria infection in sheep and goats in Kurdistan region, Iraq from June 2019 to April 2020. Molecular method was used to identify Theileria species. Sixty- seven blood samples were taken from 45 sheep and 22 goats based on clinical signs of theileriosis during tick activating season. The 67 samples were PCR edm and as a result, 20 species-specific PCR were positives (26.67% (12/20) were Theileria ovis in sheep and 36.36% (8/20) were from goats). The results of the gene analysis in the current study were registered in NCBI under four accession numbers (MN889986, MN889987, MN889988 and MN889989), which shows that sheep and goats can be infected with Theileria ovis. This is the first report of Theileria species in goats with clinical theileriosis in Kurdistan, so the gene flow and disease transmission between sheep and goats is most expected. PCR is a useful diagnostic tool to detect ovine theileriosis with a single test and suggested that T. ovis is the dominant piroplasmid agent in Erbil. In addition, it revealed that sheep is very susceptible to theileriosis than goats

scholarly journals Outbreaks of Typhlocolitis Caused by Hypervirulent Group ST1 Clostridioides difficile in Highly Immunocompromised Strains of Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-290
Author(s):  
Kathleen G L Ma ◽  
Kvin Lertpiriyapong ◽  
Alessandra Piersigilli ◽  
Irina Dobtsis ◽  
Juliette R K Wipf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Immunocompromised Mice

Clostridioides difficile is an enteric pathogen that can cause significant clinical disease in both humans and animals. However, clinical disease arises most commonly after treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. The organism's ability to cause naturally occurring disease in mice is rare, and little is known about its clinical significance in highly immunocompromised mice. We report on 2 outbreaks of diarrhea associated with C. difficile in mice. In outbreak 1, 182 of approximately 2, 400 NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) and related strains of mice became clinically ill after cessation of a 14-d course of 0.12% amoxicillin feed to control an increase in clinical signs associated with Corynebacterium bovis infection. Most mice had been engrafted with human tumors; the remainder were experimentally naïve. Affected animals exhibited 1 of 3 clinical syndromes: 1) peracute death; 2) severe diarrhea leading to euthanasia or death; or 3) mild to moderate diarrhea followed by recovery. A given cage could contain both affected and unaffected mice. Outbreak 2 involved a small breeding colony (approximately 50 mice) of NOD. CB17-Prkdcscid/NCrCrl (NOD-scid) mice that had not received antibiotics or experimental manipulations. In both outbreaks, C. difficile was isolated, and toxins A and B were detected in intestinal content or feces. Histopathologic lesions highly suggestive of C. difficile enterotoxemia included fibrinonecrotizing and neutrophilic typhlocolitis with characteristic 'volcano' erosions or pseudomembrane formation. Genomic analysis of 4 isolates (3 from outbreak 1 and 1 from outbreak 2) revealed that these isolates were closely related to a pathogenic human isolate, CD 196. To our knowledge, this report is the first to describe naturally occurring outbreaks of C. difficile-associated typhlocolitis with significant morbidity and mortality in highly immunocompromised strains of mice.

Antigenic Characterization of a Turkey Coronavirus Identified in Poult Enteritis- and Mortality Syndrome-Affected Turkeys

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Guy ◽  
H. John Barnes ◽  
Lynda G. Smith ◽  
Jamie Breslin
Keyword(s):  
Turkey Coronavirus ◽  
Antigenic Characterization ◽  
Poult Enteritis
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