scholarly journals Growth and enterotoxin production of Bacillus cereus in cow, goat, and sheep milk

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. S3-S8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Necidová ◽  
Šárka Bursová ◽  
Alena Skočková ◽  
Bohdana Janštová ◽  
Pavla Prachařová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Enterotoxin Production

The aim of this study was to compare Bacillus cereus growth rates and diarrhoeal enterotoxin production in raw and pasteurized goat, sheep, and cow milk in terms of storage conditions. Milk samples were inoculated with B. cereus (CCM 2010), which produces diarrhoeal enterotoxins. Enterotoxin production was tested by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), and the count of B. cereus was determined by the plate method. With raw cow milk, B. cereus growth and enterotoxin production can be completely suppressed; in raw goat and sheep milk, enterotoxin was produced at 22 °C. In pasteurized cow, goat, and sheep milk, the B. cereus count increased under all storage conditions, with more rapid growth being observed at 15 °C (sheep milk) and 22 °C (cow and goat milk). Enterotoxin presence was detected at 15 °C and 22 °C, and with pasteurized cow milk also at 8 °C. Our model experiments have determined that B. cereus multiplication and subsequent enterotoxin production depend on storage temperature and milk type.

scholarly journals Determination of Major and Minor Elements in Maltese Sheep, Goat and Cow Milk Using Microwave Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrophotometry

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritianne Spiteri ◽  
Everaldo Attard
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sheep Milk

The mineral content of milk from sheep, goats and cows bred in Malta and Gozo were determined for the first time. Two hundred and twenty samples were collected from cow, sheep and goat farms in Malta and Gozo. Ten macro and micro minerals were analysed, using microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometry.No significant differences were observed between localities for the metals in the ruminant milk. Three micro minerals, Mn, Cr and Cd were not detected in the three milk types. However, most metals differed significantly between ruminants. Potassium was highest in cow milk, while Ca was significantly the highest in sheep milk. The other metals occurred at much lower concentrations. For the micro minerals, sheep milk exhibited the highest concentrations for Fe, Mg and Cu while cow milk showed the highest values for Zn and Ba. Principal component analysis revealed the separation of the cow and sheep milk samples into two distinct clusters, while the goat milk samples were scattered across the two clusters. This shows the distinctiveness of the sheep milk over the other two milk types.

scholarly journals Senzoricke hodnotenie jogurtov vyrobenych z kravského, ovčieho a kozieho mlieka

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Paiakova ◽  
O. Burdova ◽  
P. Turek ◽  
A. Laciakova
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
The One

In order to identify sensorial properties of yoghurts, we prepared experimentally yoghu rts from cow, sheep and goat milk at keeping common technological procedures. On the basis of reached results, yoghu rt made of sheep milk was evaluated as the one of the highest quality, followed by yoghurt made of cow milk with the one made of goat milk in the last place.

scholarly journals Proteolytic and lipolytic potential of Pseudomonas spp. from goat and bovine raw milk

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1577-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
José C. Ribeiro Júnior ◽  
Pedro I. Teider Junior ◽  
André L.M. Oliveira ◽  
Edson A. Rios ◽  
Ronaldo Tamanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT: Pseudomonas, the main genus of gram-negative microorganisms isolated from milk, is psychrotrophic, biofilm-forming, and thermo-resistant deteriorating enzyme producers. The aim of this study was to quantify Pseudomonas spp. in goat’s and cow’s milk produced in the Paraná state, Brazil, to evaluate the deteriorating activity of the isolates at mesophilic and psychrotrophic conditions and to identify, at the species level, the isolates with alkaline metalloprotease (aprX gene) production potential. Microbiological, biochemical and molecular methods were used for isolating, confirming and identifying of isolates. The mean counts were 1.6 (±6.3)x104 and 0.89(±3)x102 CFU/mL for goat and bovine milk samples, respectively, immediately after milking. Of the Pseudomonas colonies isolated from goat milk (n=60), 91.7% showed proteolytic potential when incubated at 35°C/48 h and 80% at 7°C/10 days, and lipolytic potential was observed in 95% of the isolates incubated in mesophilic and 78.3% at refrigeration conditions. From the isolates of bovine milk (n=20), 35% showed proteolytic activity only when incubated at 35°C/48 h, and lipolytic potential was observed in 25% of the isolates incubated at 7°C/10d and 35°C/48h. It was observed that 83.3% and 25% of the isolates genetically confirmed as Pseudomonas spp. of goat and bovine milk showed the potential for alkaline metalloprotease production, with the species P. azotoformans, P. koreensis, P. gessardii, P. monteilii and P. lurida being the most frequent in goat milk and P. aeruginosa the only species identified in cow milk.

scholarly journals Identification of Coxiella burnetii in Raw Milk of Livestock Animal in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ashraf Mohabati Mobarez ◽  
Ehsan Mostafavi ◽  
Mohammad Khalili ◽  
Saber Esmaeili
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Dairy Animals

Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever in humans and animals. This study aimed to determine the frequency of C. burnetii in milk samples of dairy animals (goats, sheep, and cattle) in some selected regions in Iran, where there is no information about prevalence of C. burnetii. In this study, 162 individual milk samples were collected from 43 farms in three provinces (Tehran, Hamadan, and Mazandaran). Real-time PCR was used for the detection of IS1111a element of C. burnetii. In total, 23 of 162 samples (14.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.65–20.2%) were positive for C. burnetii by real-time PCR. C. burnetii was detected in 10.17% (95% CI: 4.74–20.46) of goat milk samples. In sheep milk samples, 18.6% (95% CI: 9.74–32.62) were positive, and C. burnetii was detected in 15% (95% CI: 8.1–26.11) of cattle milk samples. Molecular evidence of the presence of C. burnetii was seen in milk samples of dairy animals in all the studied regions. These findings demonstrated that C. burnetii infection, especially in raw milk samples, deserves more attention from the health care system and veterinary organization in Iran.

scholarly journals Kırklareli Peynirlerinin Tarihsel Gelişimi ve Coğrafi Karakteristikleri

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1748
Author(s):  
Buket Aşkın
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
White Cheese ◽  
Historical Difference

In Kırklareli, which has high importance for cheese production since ancient times, there are two different types of cheeses have important commercial potential are Kırklareli White Cheese (KWC) and Kırklareli Old Kashar Cheese (KOKC). These cheeses belong to Kırklareli and they are produced using the milk obtained in Kırklareli. A certain proportion of sheep milk, goat milk and cow milk is used in a mixture for KWC and KOKC production. There are some basic and distinctive features for Kırklareli cheeses. These features can be summarized as the effect of some differences belongs to Kırklareli, can be mentioned as natural vegetation due to geographical structure and climatic conditions, milk characteristics, historical difference and production method and maturation process. KBP and KEKP are reflected to the differences between animal feeding, milk and milk. The proportions of the plant species composed the botanical composition of the province constitute the animal feed. According to the botanical characteristics, the common plants in Kırklareli pastures are wheat (Poaceae), legumes (Fabaceae), broad-leaved herbs (Asteraceae, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae etc) and bushes. These 3 different groups of plants have different effects on the most basic quality criterias of milk and cheese, such as protein content, fat ratio etc. Apart from these, there are so many differences, which contain the low microbial load and process conditions. The fact that the milks produced in the province have quality properties within EU limits bring with it a very important advantage such as low pasteurization temperature. For the production of KWC and KOKC, cow milk only or the mixture of cow milk, goat milk and sheep milk, with rates between 15-30%, 25-40% and 30-45% respectively, can be used. Mixture rates are between 30% -45% sheep milk, 25% -40% goat milk and 15- 30% cow milk.

Effects of different storage conditions, the farm and the stage of lactation on renneting parameters of goat milk investigated using the Formagraph method

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Pazzola ◽  
Filippo Balia ◽  
Maria Luisa Dettori ◽  
Maria Consuelo Mura ◽  
Vincenzo Carcangiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Milk Coagulation

This study evaluated the effect of storage on renneting properties of goat milk investigated using the Formagraph method. Milk samples from 169 goats in three farms (F1, F2 and F3) were analysed during an entire lactation (45, 75, 105, 135 and 165 days in milking DIM), to obtain renneting parameters, both from fresh milk and after storage with Bronopol and freezing at −20°C and −80°C. As regards fresh milk, mean values of clotting time were between 12·51 (45 DIM) and 13·29 min (105 DIM and F2), the curd firming time between 1·77 (45 DIM) and 2·15 min (F1) and curd firmness between 42·09 (165 DIM) and 49·55 mm (45 DIM). No statistical difference was recorded after storage. After regression analysis, all prediction models showed significance value at P<0·001 with the highest R2 value for clotting time, 0·710 (fresh vs. frozen milk at −20°C), and the lowest for clot firmness, 0·281 (fresh vs. frozen milk at −80°C). Results demonstrated that assessment of goat milk coagulation properties using the Formagraph method is also achievable after freezing or Bronopol addition.

IDEXX SNAP® Beta-Lactam ST Validation for Penicillin G Detection

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1343-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis T Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Assay Time

Abstract IDEXX has produced a robust and improved rapid test kit optimized to detect penicillin G in a variety of milk matrixes. The SNAP® Beta-Lactam ST Test Kit is designed to be run without the use of a heat block. The new test is optimized to ensure a detection capability for penicillin G that is at or below the European Union maximum residue limit of 4 parts per billion. The test can be used with commingled cow milk, commingled goat milk, commingled sheep milk, and reconstituted whole fat powdered milk. The SNAP Beta-Lactam ST Test Kit contains all the items necessary to run and interpret the test in a single package. No heat block or reader is required. The results can be read visually or with an IDEXX SNAPshot or SNAPshot DSR Reader. The total assay time is approximately 7 minutes.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effect of storage conditions on milk microbiological quality and composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.F. Paludetti ◽  
K. Jordan ◽  
A.L. Kelly ◽  
D. Gleeson
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk

Abstract In this study, the effect of storage temperature (2 or 4°C) on the composition of milk and microbiological load was investigated over 96 h. Milk samples were collected from farm bulk milk tanks after one complete milking and stored at 2 or 4°C over 96 h. Total bacterial count (TBC), psychrotrophic bacterial count (PBC) and proteolytic bacterial count (PROT) were affected by storage time and temperature and varied significantly between farms (P < 0.05). The levels of TBC, PBC and PROT bacterial count increased from 4.37 to 6.15 log cfu/mL, 4.34 to 6.44 log cfu/mL and 3.72 to 4.81 log cfu/mL, respectively, when the milk was stored for 96 h at 2°C. The milk samples stored at 4°C had higher increases in these bacterial counts after 72 h in comparison to milk samples stored at 2°C. The casein fraction content was lower in milk samples stored at 4°C, which could be due to high levels of PROT bacteria or enzyme activity in these samples. Milk stored for 96 h at 2°C has less impact on composition or processability parameters compared to milk stored at 4°C.

scholarly journals A rapid phage assay for detection of viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Hosseiniporgham ◽  
Lucio Rebechesu ◽  
Pierangela Pintore ◽  
Stefano Lollai ◽  
Maria Dattena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

AbstractParatuberculosis is an incurable gastroenteritis among ruminants that is promoted by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), an acid-fast mycobacterium. To accelerate the detection of viable pathogen, a conventional (peptide mediated magnetic separation: PMS) and novel (phage-bead qPCR: PBQ) phage based assay was optimized. A superior limit of detection (LOD) of 10 MAP per 10 mL milk was suggested for PBQ compared to 100 cells/10 mL for PMS-phage assay. Via PBQ, viable MAP was found in 48.78% out 41 unpasteurized sheep and goat milk samples. Sheep milk samples (n = 29) that were tested by PMS-phage assay contained no viable MAP. The absence of viable MAP in milk collected from 21 of the recent sheep animals was also confirmed by PBQ after a 2-week gap. Although, the two phage assays comparably detected no viable MAP in the milk samples, MAP DNA and antibodies against MAP were recognized in milk and sera of some of these animals within two instances of sampling representing that some sheep animals were MAP shedders. In conclusion, PBQ and PMS-phage could be promising methods for the assessment of MAP viability in milk samples. However, PBQ was privileged over the PMS-phage assay due to the lower LOD, rapidity, higher sensitivity, lack of need to M. smegmatis and consequent virucidal treatment that are essential in PMS-phage assay for making lawn and inactivation of exogenous mycobacteriophages respectively.

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