scholarly journals Substantial underreporting of tuberculosis in West Greece - implications for local and national surveillance

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Jelastopulu ◽  
E C Alexopoulos ◽  
D Venieri ◽  
G Tsiros ◽  
G Komninou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Case Detection Rate ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Public Health Departments ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
The Face

In order to estimate the reliability of the officially reported national tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates we performed a retrospective review of data collected in regional and national public health framework. TB notifications for the period 2000-2003 were obtained from two major hospitals and three relevant Public Health Departments (PHDs) in the region of West Greece, and subsequently compared with the data reported to the Hellenic Centre for Diseases Control (KEELPNO). During the four-year study period a total of 161 cases of TB were reported to the PHDs in West Greece; 70% of these cases were reported to the KEELPNO. Furthermore only 72 (38.7%) out of the 186 cases of TB identified in the two hospitals were notified to the PHDs. Assuming that the degree of undernotification observed for the two hospitals is the same throughout the region, we estimated that the case detection rate was 14 cases per 100,000 persons per year, i.e. 3.7 times higher than the rate officially reported for the period 2000-2003. Male predominance (2.1, male/female ratio) and an increased incidence in the elders (older than 60 years) and adolescents (10-14 years old) were also evident. The study demonstrated a substantial underestimation of TB burden in West Greece. In the face of the massive influx of immigrants and refugees coming from regions with high TB incidence and the increase of the number of drug-resistant cases a reliable and complete notification of TB is crucial in the planning of programs and development of appropriate control policies.

Current Trends in Indications and Epidermiological Characteristics of Amputations in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekpenyong Christopher Edet
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
The Face ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background: Recently, we have witnessed a surge in the population of Diabetics and of course in the cases of Diabetic Foot Syndrome(DFS) requiring amputation. However, accepting amputation is difficult for patients and this has become a family or community decision to undergo amputation despite being a lifesaving procedure in most cases. Some patients have preferred to die with their gangrenous limbs in the face of ascending severe foot infection and septicemia rather than have an amputation. Aim: This study seeks to identify the current indications for amputation and its epidemiological characteristics in our hospital and by extension, our local community. Perhaps, this can be extrapolated and communicated as a Public Health warning and strategy to control the incidence, prevalence, and devastating effects of Amputation in our community. Methods: It was a descriptive, quantitative, and prospective study of the indications and epidemiological characteristics of Amputations in Uyo, Niger Delta region of Nigeria. This was done between the periods of January 2018 to December 2019 amongst patients who underwent Amputation at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria. Results: We did a total of 44 unilateral amputations of both upper and lower extremities. The age range was 19 to 71 years. The average age was 48.5 years they were 21 males and 23 females giving a Male: Female ratio of 1:1.1. The 4th to 6th decades of life had the highest number of amputations with a peak in the 5th decade. Diabetic Foot Gangrene (DFG) contributed the majority of 25 amputations (56.8%), most of which were in the 4th to 6th Decades, 23 (52.3%). They were 14 females (31.8%) and 11 males (25.0%) with DFG. Trauma contributed 14 amputations (31.8%), and most were in the 2nd to 4th decades of life but more were males 10 (22.7%) while females were 4 (9.1%). Fracture-Traditional BoneSetter-Gangrene (F-TBS-G) and Peripheral Arterial Disease each contributed 2 amputations (4.5%). Conclusion: The commonest indication for amputation was Diabetic Foot Gangrene(DFG) affecting patients in the 4th to 6th decades of life while Trauma, the 2nd commonest, affected patients in the 2nd to 4th decades of life. Therefore, in the face of the increasing prevalence of Diabetes in our society, Public Health measures aimed at early diagnosis and management of Diabetes as well as prevention of Trauma will reduce the rate of amputations, its attendant morbidity, and negative economic implications in our society.

scholarly journals Hoarseness of Voice : An Etiological Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Salah Uddin Ahmmed ◽  
AKM Asaduzzaman ◽  
Mohammed Ahmed Ahsan ◽  
Md Zakir Hossain ◽  
Mohammad Ali Azad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Carcinoma Larynx ◽  
Vocal Cord Polyp ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
Etiological Study ◽  
Chronic Laryngitis

Hoarseness of voice is one of the commonest symptom in otolaryngological practice and it indicates diseases ranging from totally benign condition to the most malignant condition. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical profile, to find out common etiological factors and association of common predisposing factors leading to hoarseness of voice. The study was carried out in the department of ENT, CMB, BAF Dhaka, from February 2014 to July 2016. A total of 130 patients having hoarseness of voice were selected coming to the OPD. All the patients then underwent a detailed history, ENT examinations and investigations to reach a diagnosis. Out of total 130 patients 76(58.47 %) were males and 54 (41.53) were females. Male predominance was observed with male female ratio of 1.49: 1. Common age group involved was 31- 40 years in 29 (20.7%) cases. Common etiology included chronic laryngitis in 37 (28.46%) cases, vocal nodules in 20 (15.38%), vocal cord polyp in 18 (13.84%), acute laryngitis in 10 (7.69%), vocal cord cyst in 9 (6.92%), hypothyroidism in 7 (5.38%) and Carcinoma larynx in 6 (4.61%) patients. Most of the etiopathological factors found in this study were treatable disease. So, early diagnosis can reduce the morbidity and mortality Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2017; 23(1): 47-51

scholarly journals Population characteristics of colorectal cancer in the Ulyanovsk region according to the regional cancer register

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
I. A. Bogomolova ◽  
I. I. Antoneeva ◽  
T. V. Abakumova ◽  
T. P. Gening
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Cancer Register ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Poorly Differentiated

Aim: to analyze the structure and changes of colorectal cancer (CRC) epidemiology in the Ulyanovsk region in 2005–2019 according to the regional cancer register.Materials and methods: the study is based on statistical data on the primary detection of CRC in the districts of the Ulyanovsk region (form No. 7) in 2005–2019. Standardized rates of morbidity and mortality were evaluated. Data on the number, gender and age of the regional population were obtained in Ulyanovsk State Statistics Service.Results: the incidence of CRC in the region increased by 1.51 times over the analyzed period (from 31.12 to 49.58 per 100 thousand people). From the total number of newly diagnosed CRC in 2019, the urban population was 25%, and the rural population — 75%. The incidence rates in the districts of the region were assessed. The highest morbidity in males was detected at the age of 60–64 years old, and it was 1.58 times higher than in females. In the adult population under 30 years old, only few cases of colorectal cancer were detected. The main histological type of tumors was adenocarcinoma. Poorly differentiated tumors accounted for about 3%. The highest age-standardized rates for rectal tumors were 10.1 and 12.8 per 100 thousand people in 2005 and 2019, respectively; for the recto sigmoid tumors — 0.9 and 2.3 per 100 thousand people; and for the anal cancer — 0.4 cases per 100 thousand people in 2019. The male/female ratio of deaths from CRC in 2019 was 1.005:1.000.Conclusion: there has been a trend to an increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer among the Ulyanovsk region population in the period from 2005 to 2019. We identified some areas of the region that significantly differ in the incidence of colorectal cancer.

The Age of Mexican Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Ph+ Is Quite Younger Than the Reported in USA and European Series.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 4291-4291
Author(s):  
Pablo Vargas-Viveros ◽  
Rafael Hurtado Monroy ◽  
Eduardo Cervera ◽  
Carlos Best ◽  
Alvaro Aguayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
Mexican Patients

Abstract Abstract 4291 CML accounts for approximately 15 percent of the cases of leukemia in adults. It has an annual incidence of 1 to 2 cases per 100000, with a slight male predominance. The median age at presentation is about 60 years and the incidence increases as a function of age, as reported in North American, Australian and European series. However, in our country we found a younger age at diagnosis. Herein we report our analysis of the age distribution of the patients included in the Mexican Cooperative Leukemia Group. We analyzed 356 patients with diagnosis of CML Ph+, from January 2001 to December 2008. The data analysis showed a median age at diagnosis of 37 years (range 16 to 64 years), with a male: female ratio of 1.1:1. There is a clear difference of age between Mexican patients with CML and those reported in the referred series (37 vs. 60 years) highlighting a geographical and/or ethnical pattern that may play a role as prognostic factor and response to treatment. Moreover, challenge the multistep theory of carcinogenesis in CML, inspired by the observation that cancer incidence increases as a higher order function of age, explained by an increasing somatic mutations rate with age. Further analysis and long term observation is required. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Cryosurgery in Patients With Sebaceous Hyperplasia of the Face

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Ataş ◽  
Müzeyyen Gönül
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Excellent Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Background: Cryosurgery is an effective treatment for sebaceous hyperplasia, but there have been few clinical studies. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cryosurgery in the treatment of sebaceous hyperplasia. Methods: Cryosurgery was performed 6 times, at 2-week intervals, with liquid nitrogen, and evaluated in 40 patients with 517 lesions ranging from 2 to 9 mm over the forehead, cheeks, and chin. All of the lesions were measured before and after the treatment. Results: The mean age of the participants was 54.7 ± 8.9 years, and the male/female ratio was 21/19 (1.1). The mean time of the disease duration was 4.2 ± 3.0 years. After 6 cooling cycles, an excellent response (76%-100%) was seen in 341 patients (65.9%), a very good response (51%-75%) was seen in 102 (19.7%), a good response (26%-50%) was seen in 57 (11.1%), a poor response (1%-25%) was seen in 15 (2.9%), and no response (0%) was seen in 2 (0.4%). Age ( P = .004) and sex ( P < .0001) were independent predictors of an excellent response. The excellent response rates were 71.4% for males, 61.8% for females, 70.4% for ages older than 55 years, and 61.8% for ages younger than 55 years. Temporary hyperpigmentation was found in 5 lesions (0.96%), and recurrence was not seen at the 4-month follow-up. Conclusions: The well-aimed and controlled used of cryosurgery is an effective method for treating significant cosmetic disfigurement in patients with sebaceous hyperplasia. It is a low-cost therapy without scarring, hypopigmentation, or recurrence.

scholarly journals Mycosis Fungoides in Iranian Population: An Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farahnaz Fatemi Naeini ◽  
Bahareh Abtahi-Naeini ◽  
Hamidreza Sadeghiyan ◽  
Mohammad Ali Nilforoushzadeh ◽  
Jamshid Najafian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycosis Fungoides ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Histologic Diagnosis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Male Female Ratio

Background. Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Extensive studies on Iranian MF patients are absent. The present study aimed to produce updated clinical information on Iranian MF patients.Methods. This was a retrospective, descriptive, single-center study, including all cases of MF seen in the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Isfahan, Iran, between 2003 and 2013. Data systematically recorded for each patient included clinical, biological, histological, and molecular findings.Results. Eighty-six patients with clinical and histologic diagnosis of MF were included in the study. Thirty-nine patients (45.3%) were male. Female predominance was observed in patients (male : female ratio is 1 : 1.2). Patients were between 7 and 84 years of age (median: 41). The interval from disease onset to diagnosis ranged from 0 to 55 years (median: 1 year). Eighteen cases (20.9%) had unusual variants of MF. The most common types included hypopigmented and poikilodermatous MF. Childhood cases of MF constituted 5.8% (5/86) of all patients. The early stages were seen in 82 cases (95.34%).Conclusion. The major differences in epidemiologic characteristics of MF in Iran are the lack of male predominance and the lower age of patients at the time of diagnosis.

A 30-year Trend Analysis in the Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Songpa-Kangdong District of Seoul, Korea in 1986–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1410-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Hyoung Park ◽  
Ye-Jee Kim ◽  
Kyoung Hoon Rhee ◽  
Young-Ho Kim ◽  
Sung Noh Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Perianal Fistula ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Adjusted Incidence Rate ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background and Aims Although the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is increasing in Asia, data on long-term epidemiological trends are limited. We performed a 30-year longitudinal study to investigate temporal trends in the epidemiology of Crohn’s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] in Seoul, Korea. Methods This population-based study included 1431 IBD patients [418 CD, 1013 UC] diagnosed between 1986 and 2015 in the Songpa-Kangdong district of Seoul, Korea. Temporal trends in incidence, prevalence, and disease phenotype at diagnosis were analysed. Results The adjusted mean annual incidence rates of CD and UC per 100 000 inhabitants increased from 0.06 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05–0.07) and 0.29 [95% CI, 0.27–0.31], respectively, in 1986–1990 to 2.44 [95% CI, 2.38–2.50] and 5.82 [95% CI, 5.73–5.92], respectively, in 2011–2015. Average annual percentage change in IBD incidence was 12.3% in 1986–1995, 12.3% in 1996–2005, and 3.3% in 2006–2015. The male-to-female ratio of the adjusted incidence rate was 3.3:1 for CD and 1.2:1 for UC. Perianal fistula/abscess was present in 43.3% of patients before or at CD diagnosis. At diagnosis, 54.3% of UC patients presented only with proctitis. The adjusted prevalence rate in 2015 was 31.59/100 000 [95% CI, 31.10–32.07] for CD and 76.66/100 000 [95% CI, 75.91–77.42] for UC. Conclusions The incidence and prevalence of IBD in Korea have continued to increase over the past three decades. Korean patients have distinct demographic and phenotypic characteristics, including a male predominance and high frequency of perianal fistula/abscess in CD and high proportion of proctitis in UC.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of COVID-19 cases diagnosed at quarantine facilities in Paraguay

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. e39374
Author(s):  
Pasionaria Rosa Ramos Ruiz Diaz ◽  
Gladys Velázquez ◽  
Elder Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Claudia Carolina Centurión Viveros ◽  
Roberto Esperanza Dullack Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Access Data

Aims: This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases diagnosed in quarantine facilities in Paraguay.Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, temporarily retrospective study. The time scope was from April 1 to September 30 2020. The variables were sex, age and administrative departments. The open access data available on the website of the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare was used. Frequencies expressed in percentages and the Chi square value were calculated to observe the statistically significant differences between cases and age and sex.Results: from April 4 to September 30 2020, 1.581 cases were diagnosed in COVID-19. The fewest number of positive cases were reported in April (50) and the highest number was reported in May (628). From the total, 69.6% (1.101) were male, (male / female ratio 2.3), 42.1% (666) were aged between 20-29 years, the average age was 30.23 years (range 0 to 87, standard deviation 14.66. 95% CI 1.5 - 58.95). The departments with the highest number of cases were Caaguazú 21.7 % (343), Alto Paraná 17.3 % (274), Central 13.3% (210) and Asunción 11.4% (180). The least number of cases of COVID-10 in women were registered in the Departments of Amambay, Pdte. Hayes, Ñeembucú and Boquerón, and in men the Departments of Ñeembucú and Boquerón. The largest number of male cases were registered in Caaguazú 70.8% (243), Alto Paraná 66.1% (181), Central 69.5% (146) and Asunción 68.9% (124). The number of Covid-19 infected people in quarantine facilities presented statistically significant differences between the variables sex and age.Conclusion: the quarantine facilities are one of the measures that the Paraguayan government needed to avoid the rapid spread and dispersion of the virus. The epidemiology of the cases diagnosed in them corresponds to what was expected according to the characteristics of the country.

Epidemiologic Pictures of Kawasaki Disease in Japan: From the Nationwide Incidence Survey in 1991 and 1992

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yanagawa ◽  
Mayumi Yashiro ◽  
Yosikazu Nakamura ◽  
Tomisaku Kawasaki ◽  
Hirohisa Kato
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Yearly Incidence ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
Questionnaire Form

Objective. Since 1970, twelve nationwide epidemiologic surveys of Kawasaki disease (KD) have been conducted throughout Japan every two years to describe KD in Japan. By the end of 1992, a total of 116 848 cases were reported. This paper summarizes the statistical analysis of the latest survey for the 2-year period from January 1991 through December 1992. Method. A questionnaire form and diagnostic guidelines for KD were sent to all pediatric departments of hospitals with 100 or more beds throughout Japan and information was obtained on patients with KD diagnosed during the 2-year period from January 1991 through December 1992. Results. The summary of the results is: 1) the number of patients reported was 11 221 (6604 males and 4617 females; male/female ratio = 1.43) with a yearly incidence rate of 90 per 100 000 children &lt;5 years old; 2) the monthly number of patients was higher in winter and summer, although the monthly difference was not marked; 3) age-specific incidence rates showed a unimodal peak at 1 year of age; 4) the proportion of patients with a family history of KD in a sibling was 1%; 5) the proportion of recurrent patients was 3%; 6) the proportion of patients with cardiac sequelae 1 month after disease onset was 13%; and 7) the number of patients who died was 9, which conforms to 0.08% of total patients. Conclusion. The incidence rates of KD in Japan are ten times higher than those reported in western countries and almost constant over 6 years. The descriptive epidemiology of the disease, which supports the infection theory, does not change for years.

scholarly journals Etiology and Outcome of Burns in Tabriz, Iran an Analysis of 2963 Cases

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Maghsoudi ◽  
A. Pourzand ◽  
G. Azarmir
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Inhalation Injury ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Burn Victims ◽  
Burn Center ◽  
Major Burn ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
The Mean

Background and aims: Burn injuries still produce a significant morbidity and mortality in Iran. A 3-year retrospective review of burn victims hospitalized at a major burn center was conducted to determine the etiology and outcome of patients in Tabriz. Material and Methods: Two thousand nine hundred sixty + three patients were iden tified and stratified by age, sex, burn size, presence or absence of inhalation injury, cause of burn. There is one burn center in the East Azarbygan province serving 3.3 million people over an area of 47,830 sq.km. Results: The overall incidence rates of hospitalization and death were 30.5 % and 5.6 % per 100000 person years. The mean patient age was 22 years, and the male: female ratio was 1.275. There were 555 deaths altogether (18.7 %). The highest incidence of burns was in the 1–9 age group (29.2 %). Patients with less than 40 percent of burned surface constituted 79.8 % of injuries. The most common cause of burns was kerosene accident in adults and scald injuries in children. The mean length of hospitalization was 13 days. The mean body surface area burned was larger with higher mortality in females than in males (p < 0.001). Inhalation injuries were strongly associated with large burns and were present in all flame-burn fatalities. Conclusion: In our opinion, social factors are the main drive leading to an unacceptably high rate of burn injuries in our societies. Most of the burn injuries were caused by domestic accidents and were, therefore, preventable; educational programs might reduce the incidence of burn injuries.

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