scholarly journals Epidemic conjunctivitis in Germany, 2004

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 7-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Schrauder ◽  
D Altmann ◽  
G Laude ◽  
H Claus ◽  
K Wegner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Local Health ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis ◽  
German Armed Forces ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Future Challenges

Epidemic conjunctivitis can be associated with viral or bacterial pathogens, whereas epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is caused mainly by adenoviruses type 8,19 and 37. In Germany, the incidence of adenovirus conjunctivitis cases increased from 0.2 per 100 000 inhabitants (in 2001 and 2002) eventually to 0.5 in 2003 and 0.8 in 2004. The detection of adenovirus in conjunctival swabs is notifiable to the local health departments. Data about cases with positive conjunctival swabs are then transmitted to the Robert Koch-Institut. Quality control of data takes place and national surveillance data of confirmed cases with adenovirus conjunctivitis are published. From January to April 2004 the national surveillance system captured an outbreak with 1024 cases (131 laboratory confirmed). Analysis of the national surveillance data showed that in March 2004 the group primarily affected by epidemic keratoconjunctivitis was young men between 18 -29 years old followed by an increased number of notifications from women in the same age group. Meanwhile the German Armed Forces experienced an outbreak of conjunctivitis, almost exclusively without laboratory confirmation, affecting 6378 soldiers. Despite the small number of laboratory confirmed cases it became clear from the analysis of the national surveillance data that person-to-person transmission between young men and similar age groups of the population did occur. Whether the outbreak started within the garrisons of the German Armed Forces or whether it was triggered within these accommodations, there is clearly a need for the national and the military public health institutions to work together on guidelines to handle future challenges.

The consistency of relative incidence rates of nonviral sexually transmissible infections from health insurance claims and surveillance data, 2005–10

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
Kwame Owusu-Edusei ◽  
TaNisha Roby ◽  
Shaunta S. Wright ◽  
Harrell W. Chesson
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Administrative Database ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections

Background Given the growing popularity of administrative data for health research, information on the differences and similarities between administrative data and customary data sources (e.g. surveillance) will help to inform the use of administrative data in the field of sexually transmissible infections (STIs). The objective of this study was to compare the incidence rates of three nonviral STIs from a large health insurance administrative database (MarketScan) with surveillance data. Methods: We computed and compared STI rates for 2005–10 from MarketScan and national surveillance data for three major nonviral STIs (i.e. chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis), gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) and syphilis (Treponema pallidum)). For administrative data, we assessed the sensitivity of the rates to enrolee inclusion criteria: continuous (≥320 member-days) versus all enrolees. Relative rates were computed for 5-year age groups and by gender. Results: The administrative database rates were significantly lower (P < 0.01) than those in the national surveillance data, except for syphilis in females. Gonorrhoea and syphilis rates based on administrative data were significantly lower (P < 0.01) for all enrolees versus continuous enrolees only. The relative STI rates by age group from the administrative data were similar to those in the surveillance data. Conclusions: Although absolute STI rates in administrative data were lower than in the surveillance data, relative STI rates from administrative data were consistent with national surveillance data. For gonorrhoea and syphilis, the estimated rates from administrative data were sensitive to the enrolee inclusion criteria. Future studies should examine the potential for administrative data to complement surveillance data.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 severe infections in the Israeli over 60 population: a temporal analysis done by using the national surveillance data.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano De Leo
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
The World ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
The Government ◽  
Pandemic Wave ◽  
Perfect Storm ◽  
Dose Vaccine

Last August, when the delta variant became the dominant infection strain, Israel, one of the countries with the highest levels of vaccination in the world, faced a scary pandemic wave. The frighteningly increasing number of infections was seen as the perfect storm to test the effectiveness of the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine. The new surge forced the government to use a booster shot to protect the most vulnerable age groups. Starting from the August national surveillance data, we analysed the temporal effectiveness of vaccination against severe infections in the Israeli over 60 population. The study shows that the two-dose vaccine still works in preventing people from getting seriously sick but not with the same effectiveness observed in the first months of 2021. However, the observed temporal increase of the vaccine effectiveness in Israel, during August, suggests a correlation with the increase of the population protected by the booster shot.

The Germans and Air Power at Dieppe: The Raid and its Lessons from the ‘Other Side of the Hill’

2021 ◽  
pp. 096834452199586
Author(s):  
James Shelley
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Other ◽  
Air Power ◽  
Coastal Defence ◽  
German Armed Forces ◽  
Popular Interest ◽  
The Hill

Despite the vast academic and popular interest in the Dieppe raid of 19 August 1942, there remains a curious oversight of the German side of the story. This contribution interrogates German sources in order to explore the Dieppe air battle and its consequences from the perspective of the German armed forces. The paper ultimately demonstrates that the Germans learnt much about the role of air power in coastal defence from their experiences at Dieppe, but that the implementation of those lessons was lacking.

Optimizing the Introduction of Wearable Sensors Into the German Armed Forces for Military Medical Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenz Scheit
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
German Armed Forces ◽  
Expert Interview ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Master's Thesis ◽  
Interdisciplinary Networking ◽  
Modern Technologies

ABSTRACT Introduction A wide variety of different types of wearable sensors are being developed around the world and introduced into the armed forces for military purposes. Competing states must rapidly develop ready-to-use systems that are robust, functional, valid, and practical. There appears to be potential for optimizing the successful and effective introduction of wearable sensors into the German armed forces (Bundeswehr) for military medical applications. The purpose of this study was to identify specific options for improving and optimizing the introduction of modern technologies such as wearable sensors into the structures of the German armed forces. Materials and Methods Nine stakeholders were identified who could provide a qualified statement on the introduction of wearable sensors, of which six agreed to participate in an expert interview. The six qualitative expert interviews, which were conducted for a master’s thesis at the Bundeswehr University in Hamburg, were selected on the basis of their thematic involvement and readiness for an interview and provided the basis for exploring processes that can possibly optimize the introduction of wearable sensors into modern armed forces such as the Bundeswehr. These interviews were carried out and analyzed using the Lamnek’s method. Results Six expert interviews were analyzed and the most relevant statements were summarized and presented. Thirteen options for optimization were identified and included, for example, interdisciplinary networking, optimization of information flow, and strategic weighting. Conclusions Several potential options have been identified that can optimize the introduction of wearable sensors into the German armed forces to a greater or lesser extent. Bundeswehr experts agree that above all structurally relevant improvements such as “development of data analysis standards,” “legal requirements,” “interdisciplinarity,” “acceleration of development,” and “centralization and structured cooperation” should play an important role in the implementation of wearable sensors.

scholarly journals National Surveillance of Injury in the Republic of Korea: Increased Injury Vulnerability in the Late Middle Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1210
Author(s):  
Hansol Chang ◽  
Ji Young Min ◽  
Dajeong Yoo ◽  
Se Uk Lee ◽  
Sung Yeon Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Early Prevention ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
Injury Outcomes

Surveillance of injury patterns and comparisons among different age groups help develop a better understanding of recent injury trends and early prevention. This study conducted a national surveillance of injury by age group. Data were collected retrospectively from Emergency Department-Based Injury In-Depth Surveillance (EDIIS) in South Korea, between January 2011 and December 2017. Patients were divided into the following four groups by age: Group 1–18 to 34 years, Group 2–35 to 49 years, Group 3–50 to 64 years, and Group 4—≥65 years. A total of 1,221,746 patients were included in the study. Findings revealed that, each year, the injury rate increased in the population aged ≥65 years. The place and mechanism of injury in Group 3 were similar to those in younger age groups, while injury outcomes and injured body parts were similar to those in Group 4. Further, hospital admission rate, ICU admission rate, hospital death, traumatic brain injury, and injury severity increased with an increase in age. In our study, each age group showed diverse characteristics pertaining to the mechanism, place, time, and outcomes of injuries. Interestingly, Group 3, which represented the late middle age, exhibited increased vulnerability to injury, and emerged as a gray zone between the young and old age groups. Therefore, different injury prevention methods are needed for each age group. Specifically, early prevention methods need to be implemented from the late middle age to improve the old age group’s injury outcomes.

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