scholarly journals Possible transmission of SARS within the United Kingdom

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nicoll ◽  
S De Mateo
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Probable Case ◽  
Central Public Health ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Initial Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Health Organization

The sixth probable case of sudden acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) diagnosed in the United Kingdom (UK) was reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 April (1). The patient has been isolated in hospital where his condition is reported as stable. He was diagnosed as a probable SARS case because of having a significant respiratory illness with radiological signs, and having had close contact with a probable case of SARS. Laboratory investigations are underway at the Central Public Health Laboratory of the Health Protection Agency. Initial tests for coronavirus have been negative. It is, however, recognized that such initial (polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) tests can be negative in a person who is infected with the SARS virus. Definitive results through antibody testing of acute and convalescent sera will be available later (2, 3).

Suicide in Scotland in Comparison with England and Wales

1972 ◽  
Vol 121 (560) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Norman Kreitman
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
A Value ◽  
Health Organization

Over 70 years ago, Sibbald (1900) commented that the official statistics on suicide showed Scotland to have lower rates than England and Wales. It seems that Scotland has always been regarded as one of the countries with relatively few suicides. A recent World Health Organization publication (1968) commented on the official suicide rates in a sample of 20 different nations; among these Scotland ranked nineteenth in 1952–4. However, this picture appears to have been gradually changing over the last two decades, and the same W.H.O. publication, citing official statistics for the period 1961–3, quotes a value for Scotland which raises it to fifteenth in the list of 20 countries. Moreover, the Scottish rates and those for England and Wales have gradually come closer together over the last 20 years.The aim of this paper is to examine the trends in Scottish statistics for the last two decades and to compare the current suicide rates with those of the rest of the United Kingdom. All the data quoted are based on the publications of the Registrars General for Scotland and for England and Wales.

scholarly journals Corona Virus Disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
Diah Handayani ◽  
Dwi Rendra Hadi ◽  
Fathiyah Isbaniah ◽  
Erlina Burhan ◽  
Heidy Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Probable Case ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Health Organization

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new name given by World Health Organization (WHO) of 2019 novel corona virus infection, reported at the end of 2019 from Wuhan, Cina. The spread of infection occurs rapidly and creates a new pandemic threat. Etiology of COVID-19 was identified in 10 January 2020, a betacorona virus, similar with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS CoV). The clue diagnosis pathway of COVID-19 were history of travel from Wuhan or others infected countries within 14 days prior, and symptoms of acute respiratory illness (ARI) or lower respiratory infection (pneumonia) with the result of real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) specific for COVID-19. The WHO classified COVID-19 into suspect case, probable case and confirmed case. Indonesia Ministry of Health classified the case into in monitoring (ODP), patient under surveillance (PDP), people without symptom (OTG) and confirmed case. Specimens for detection COVID-19 could be acquired from nasal and nasopharynx swab, sputum and another lower respiratory aspirate including broncoalveolar lavage (BAL). Management of COVID-19 consist of isolation and infection control, supportive treatment according to the disease severity which could be mild (acute respiratory infection) to severe pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Disease transmission is via droplets and contact with droplets. Currently, there is no antiviral and vaccine. Prevention is very important for this disease by limitation of transmission, identification and isolate patients. Prognosis is determined by severity of the disease and patient comorbidity. Information about this novel disease remains very few, studies are still ongoing and is needing further research to fight with this new virus. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(2): 120-30)

Principles of contraception

2010 ◽  
pp. 1262-1268
Author(s):  
John Guillebaud
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Health Organization

Continued use of any method of contraception is related directly to its acceptability. Advisers should be competent to give information about the efficacy, risks, side effects, advantages, disadvantages, and noncontraceptive benefits of each method. Ignorance, especially about conditions not yet evaluated by the World Health Organization or the United Kingdom Medical Eligibility Committee, should be admitted during consultations, in which the clinician and the user, or couple, should be on equal terms: a ‘consultation between two experts’....

scholarly journals Respiratory disease mortality in the United Kingdom compared with EU15+ countries in 1985-2015: observational study

BMJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. k4680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin D Salciccioli ◽  
Dominic C Marshall ◽  
Joseph Shalhoub ◽  
Mahiben Maruthappu ◽  
Giuseppe De Carlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

AbstractObjectiveTo compare age standardised death rates for respiratory disease mortality between the United Kingdom and other countries with similar health system performance.DesignObservational study.SettingWorld Health Organization Mortality Database, 1985-2015.ParticipantsResidents of the UK, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Australia, Canada, the United States, and Norway (also known as EU15+ countries).Main outcome measuresMortality from all respiratory disease and infectious, neoplastic, interstitial, obstructive, and other respiratory disease. Differences between countries were tested over time by mixed effect regression models, and trends in subcategories of respiratory related diseases assessed by a locally weighted scatter plot smoother.ResultsBetween 1985 and 2015, overall mortality from respiratory disease in the UK and EU15+ countries decreased for men and remained static for women. In the UK, the age standardised death rate (deaths per 100 000 people) for respiratory disease mortality in the UK fell from 151 to 89 for men and changed from 67 to 68 for women. In EU15+ countries, the corresponding changes were from 108 to 69 for men and from 35 to 37 in women. The UK had higher mortality than most EU15+ countries for obstructive, interstitial, and infectious subcategories of respiratory disease in both men and women.ConclusionMortality from overall respiratory disease was higher in the UK than in EU15+ countries between 1985 and 2015. Mortality was reduced in men, but remained the same in women. Mortality from obstructive, interstitial, and infectious respiratory disease was higher in the UK than in EU15+ countries.

scholarly journals The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204993612110243
Author(s):  
Adekunle Sanyaolu ◽  
Chuku Okorie ◽  
Aleksandra Marinkovic ◽  
Nafees Haider ◽  
Abu Fahad Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Disease Spreading ◽  
Health Organization

Since emerging from Wuhan, China, in December of 2019, the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been causing devastating severe respiratory infections in humans worldwide. With the disease spreading faster than the medical community could contain it, death tolls increased at an alarming rate worldwide, causing the World Health Organization to officially sanction the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as a pandemic, leading to a state of worldwide lockdown for the majority of the year 2020. There have been reports of new strains of the virus emerging in various parts of the world, with some strains displaying even greater infectivity and transmissibility. Areas of the emerging variant of concern arise from countries like the United Kingdom, South Africa, Brazil, and India. These mutations carry a lineage from N501Y, D614G, N439K, Y453F, and others, which are globally dominated by clades 20A, 20B, and 20C. This literature review intends to identify and report SARS-CoV-2 variants that are currently evolving and their disease implications.

scholarly journals Outbreak Measures Taken by Medical Schools During the Coronavirus Pandemic in London, United Kingdom: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ser Jien Ting ◽  
Carmen Lok Tung Ho
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Placements ◽  
University Websites ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic. As of mid-March 2020, more than a total of 150,000 cases have been reported in 122 countries, including 1,543 in the United Kingdom. Within London, there are five universities with medical schools each faced with difficult decisions on how to respond to this unprecedented situation, having to balance the education of future doctors who will soon be joining the front lines and their safety. In this paper, the responses and timeliness of medical schools are collated and compared. This will help guide medical schools’ responses in the future.Methods: Information was gathered from the official university websites and social media platforms. Thematic analysis was performed to obtain overarching categories of responses by the medical schools.Results: All five medical schools displayed similar responses to COVID-19, following guidance provided by Public Health England (PHE), Foreign & Commonwealth Office (FCO) and Medical Schools Council (MSC). Eight broad themes of responses were identified to have been undertaken by most London medical schools. Responses such as suspending clinical placements, keeping university facilities open and not banning on-campus events were universally adopted by all five medical schools. Other responses such as specific exam rearrangements and elective travel advice were more heterogeneous amongst the medical schools.Conclusion: Medical schools must take extraordinary measures in response to a pandemic. The experience gained from the COVID-19 pandemic will help future administrations be more confident in providing a more rapid response to similar health crises.

Hearing

2010 ◽  
pp. 4865-4870
Author(s):  
Linda M Luxon
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
External Ear ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Hearing loss is the most common sensory impairment. The World Health Organization has estimated that at least 275 million people are affected worldwide, as are 17% of the adult population in the United Kingdom, three-quarters of these being over 60 years of age. Clinical examination and investigation—examination includes visual inspection of the anatomy of the external ear and tympanic membrane, and tuning-fork tests to distinguish conductive from sensorineural hearing loss in some cases. Audiological investigations (1) quantify audiometric thresholds at each frequency; (2) differentiate conductive from sensorineural defects; (3) differentiate ...

TRANSMISSION OF SARS-CoV-2 CAN BE CONTROLLED BY ADOPTING STANDARD SAFETY PROCEDURES AND USING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE).

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2019) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Marwa M. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Safety Procedures ◽  
Genomic Material

A pneumonia or respiratory illness of unknown source was detected in China during the late 2019,[2] that was identified afterward as a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genomic material called SARS-CoV-2. World Health Organization (WHO) declared that as nCoV- 19 or COVID-19. The person to person transmission of the virus is rapid by close contact and droplets produced when infected patients talk, sneeze or cough. The virus may also be transferred by touching the contaminated surfaces followed by contacting the nose, mouth or eyes.

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