scholarly journals Interaction effects of response inhibition and affectivity in tobacco craving

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Nelson Bruno de Almeida Cunha ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Martínez Munguía
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Smoking Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physiologic Responses

Introduction: Models of nicotine dependence indicate the influence of impulsivity and affectivity in smoking behaviors. However, it is necessary that studies with higher ecological validity are carried out in order to elucidate how impulsivity and affectivity articulate to provoke tobacco craving. Objective: To evaluate the interaction effects of response inhibition and affectivity in tobacco craving. Method: The study was carried out with 90 smokers, who were divided into two groups, according to their performance on a parametric Go/No-Go task (higher and lower level of response inhibition). Cue-elicited craving was measured by physiologic responses and self-report, before and after a pleasant or unpleasant affectivity manipulation. Results: Moderation analysis suggests that response inhibition and unpleasant affect have combined effects in self-report and skin conductance related to tobacco craving. Response inhibition levels seem to increase tobacco craving, but they are independent of pleasant affect. Discussion and conclusions: Affectivity is a fundamental factor in comprehending the relationship between response inhibition and craving for tobacco. The unpleasant affect is one of the triggers for the desire to smoke, especially for those more impulsive individuals, which have an exaggerated perception of tobacco effect in alleviating unpleasant experiences. It is essential to train techniques to control negative affect stimuli, especially in those individuals with less capacity to inhibit responses.

scholarly journals Childhood Psychological Maltreatment and Depression among Chinese Adolescents: Multiple Mediating Roles of Perceived Ostracism and Core Self-Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11283
Author(s):  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Ruilin Tu ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Xiao Luo ◽  
Fengqing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Maltreatment ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Multiple Mediation ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Core Self ◽  
The Relationship

Previous studies have primarily focused on the separate mediating role of interpersonal context or personal characteristics in the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and depression, neglecting the combined effects, which have limited ecological validity. Therefore, this study investigated the multiple mediating roles of perceived ostracism and core self-evaluation in the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and depression. A total of 1592 Chinese adolescents (51.1% boys), ranging in age from 11 to 15 years (M = 13.23, SD = 0.96), completed a self-report questionnaire regarding demographics, psychological maltreatment, perceived ostracism, core self-evaluation and depression. A multiple mediation model was tested using Model 6 of the PROCESS macro. After controlling for the variables of gender and age, the results indicated that perceived ostracism and core self-evaluation parallelly and sequentially mediated the link between psychological maltreatment and depression. The multiple mediation model could account for 55% of the total effect. In conclusion, the current study helps us better understand the mechanisms of depression caused by psychological maltreatment, and contributes to preventing and intervening in depression among Chinese adolescents.

scholarly journals Quantifying Self-Report Measures' Overestimation of Mobility Scores Postarthroplasty

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1288-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Stratford ◽  
Deborah M. Kennedy ◽  
Monica R. Maly ◽  
Norma J. MacIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Background Self-reports of function may systematically overestimate the ability of patients to move around postarthroplasty. Objective The purpose of this study was to estimate the magnitude of systematic differences in Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index physical function subscale (WOMAC-PF) scores before and after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) by referencing the values to Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distances and Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUG) times. Design This study was a secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study. Methods The LEFS, WOMAC, 6MWT, and TUG were administered to 85 patients prearthroplasty and once at 9 to 13 weeks postarthroplasty. Regression analysis was applied using a robust error term for clustered data. With the self-report measures as dependent variables and performance measures, occasion (prearthroplasty or postarthroplasty), and performance measure-by-occasion as independent variables, 3 propositions were examined: (1) the relationship between self-report and performance measures is identical prearthroplasty and postarthroplasty (ie, regression lines are coincident); (2) the relationship differs between occasions, but is consistent (ie, regression lines are parallel); (3) the relationship is not consistent (ie, the regression lines are not parallel). Results For all analyses, the results supported the second proposition (ie, the relationship differed between occasions, but was consistent). The systematic differences varied by location of arthroplasty, but were similar for both performance tests. For the LEFS, the difference was approximately 11 points for patients who received TKA and 13 points for patients who received THA. For the WOMAC-PF, the difference was approximately 12 points for patients who received TKA and 19 points for patients who received THA. These differences exceed the minimal clinically important change for an individual patient. Limitations The findings are specific to 9 to 13 weeks postarthroplasty. Conclusion Dependence on scores of self-report measures alone, without knowledge of the magnitude of the identified systematic differences, will result in overestimating the ability of patients to move around postarthroplasty.

scholarly journals Physical Functioning Before and After Total Hip Arthroplasty: Perception and Performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge van den Akker-Scheek ◽  
Wiebren Zijlstra ◽  
Johan W Groothoff ◽  
Sjoerd K Bulstra ◽  
Martin Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Pain Subscale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Background and Purpose Self-report and performance-based measures of physical functioning in people before and after total hip arthroplasty seem to present different information. The relationship between these different measures is not well understood, and little information is available about changes in this relationship over time. The aims of this study were: (1) to determine the relationship between self-report and performance-based measures of physical functioning before and after total hip arthroplasty, (2) to assess the influence of pain on the relationship, and (3) to determine whether the relationship changes over time. Subjects and Methods Seventy-five subjects admitted for total hip arthroplasty were included and examined before and 6 and 26 weeks after surgery. The relationships between the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) physical functioning subscale and walking speed and gait variability were examined by use of generalized estimating equations, which included interactions with time and the WOMAC pain subscale. Results The relationship between self-report and performance-based measures of physical functioning was poor. Pain appeared to have a considerable influence on self-reported physical functioning. The relationship did not appear to change over time. Discussion and Conclusion The influence of pain on self-reported physical functioning serves as an explanation for the poor relationship between self-reported and performance-based physical functioning. When using a self-report measure such as the WOMAC, one should realize that it does not seem to assess the separate constructs—physical functioning and pain—that are claimed to be measured.

scholarly journals Examining the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification for perfectionism in exploration of the mediating and moderating effects of body dissatisfaction and self-efficacy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Han Wang ◽  
Yun-Lin Wang ◽  
Kaylee Misener ◽  
Maya Libben
Keyword(s):  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Socially Prescribed Perfectionism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bias Modification

AbstractThe relationship between perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, and self-efficacy is unclear. This study attempted to distinguish the relationship between different dimensions of perfectionism and to examine how they relate to body dissatisfaction and self-efficacy. Experiment 1 examined the effectiveness of two types of Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation (CBM-I) techniques in the induction of perfectionism. Experiment 2 explored the mediation and moderation effects of perfectionism facets, body dissatisfaction, and self-efficacy in the induction of perfectionism. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the four CBM-I conditions and completed self-report measures of trait and state perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, self-efficacy, as well as a behavioural task that assessed perfectionistic behaviours before and after the CBM-I induction. The results indicated no significant differences in perfectionism between the experimental groups and the control groups following the perfectionism induction. Using baseline participant characteristics, body dissatisfaction was found to mediate socially-prescribed perfectionism and self-efficacy. Self-oriented perfectionism moderated the association between body dissatisfaction and self-efficacy. State perfectionism may not be influenced by a single session (30 trials) of CBM-I training. Treatment targeting body dissatisfaction may enhance self-efficacy in socially-prescribed perfectionists. Further, interventions that decrease self-oriented perfectionism may reduce body dissatisfaction while increasing self-efficacy.

scholarly journals Attentional control associated with core cognitive maintenance factors of social anxiety

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 204380871879807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Sluis ◽  
Mark J. Boschen ◽  
David L. Neumann ◽  
Karen Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Maintenance Factors ◽  
Anticipatory Processing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion ◽  
The Relationship

Models of social anxiety emphasize anticipatory processing (AP) and post-event processing (PEP) as repetitive negative thinking (RNT) processes that occur before and after social-evaluative events, respectively. Both AP and PEP have been implicated as maladaptive processes which maintain social anxiety. Accordingly, a common vulnerability, such as poor attentional control, may serve to maintain both. The present research included two separate samples to investigate the relationship between attentional control and AP (Sample 1) and PEP (Sample 2). Participants ( n = 49 for Sample 1; n = 35 for Sample 2) completed self-report measures of social anxiety, AP or PEP, attentional control, and trait anxiety. Poorer total attentional control was associated with social anxiety in both samples. In addition, attentional control total and attentional shifting were negatively associated with PEP (Sample 2) but not with AP (Sample 1). Mediation modeling suggested that trait anxiety mediated the relationship between total attentional control and PEP. The findings suggest that attentional control plays a role in the regulation of emotion, such as anxiety, and RNT processes, such as PEP, but not AP.

Usefulness of a Self-Report Measure of Anxiety in Prediction of Motor Performance

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Branko Pokrajac
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
State Measure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Report Measure

An instrument which provides a proper anxiety state measure and measures of seven other emotions was constructed. The instrument (Scale of Eight Emotions — S8E) was used in two investigations aimed at clarification of the relationship between anxiety and motor performance. An experiment which followed the usual design in the study of the effect of anxiety on motor behaviour was conducted. ‘Trait anxiety’ and instruction (2times2) were independent variables, while four motor tasks were dependent ones. Before and after performing motor tasks, the subjects (Ss) responded to the S8E. The Ss' scores on the S8E considerably helped the interpretation of experimental results. The second study was carried out in a natural setting: a modern rhythmical gymnastics contest. The multiple R between seven emotion predictors and motor performance was 0.72 ( P< 0.05). Most important in prediction, anxiety state was correlated with performance with r = −0.58 ( P< 0.01). Fear, the emotion frequently confused with anxiety, was not significantly correlated with performance. ‘Trait anxiety’ too was not significantly correlated with performance, indicating how problematic it is to substitute a trait for a state anxiety measure.

scholarly journals Health disorders related to learning the welding trade: assessment of approaches to risk communication

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarice Alves Bonow ◽  
Marta Regina Cezar-Vaz ◽  
Lauro Roberto Witt da Silva ◽  
Laurelize Pereira Rocha ◽  
Claudia Turik
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Private Entity ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: to assess the identification of health disorders as self-reported by apprentices of welding and to analyze the strength of the relationship between age and time of experience with self-reported health disorders before and after a socio-environmental nursing intervention. METHOD: this quasi-experimental, non-randomized, before-and-after study was conducted with 86 welding apprentices from a private entity. RESULTS: the results show a significant difference for the pre- and post-test means and an increase in the post-test mean score for the cardiovascular, respiratory and cutaneous systems. There was also a negative correlation between the apprentices' ages and the identification of health disorders. CONCLUSION: the socio-environmental nursing intervention enabled obtaining information on health disorders related to welding. In turn, such information enabled the apprentices to assess information and self-report health disorders.

scholarly journals Reliability of triggering inhibitory process is a better predictor of impulsivity than SSRT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Skippen ◽  
Dora Matzke ◽  
Andrew Heathcote ◽  
Ross Fulham ◽  
Patricia Michie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stop Signal Reaction Time ◽  
Risky Behaviours ◽  
Inhibition Process ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trigger Failure

The ability to control behaviour is thought to rely at least partly on adequately suppressing impulsive responses to external stimuli. However, the evidence for a relationship between response inhibition ability and impulse control is weak and inconsistent. This study investigates the relationship between response inhibition and both self-report and behavioural measures of impulsivity as well as engagement in risky behaviours in a large community sample (N=174) of healthy adolescents and young adults (15-35yrs). Using a stop-signal paradigm with a number parity go task, we implemented a novel hierarchical Bayesian model of response inhibition that estimates stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) as a distribution and also accounts for failures to react to the stop-signal (i.e., “trigger failure”), and failure to react to the choice stimulus (i.e., “go failure” or omission errors). In line with previous studies, the model reduced estimates of SSRT by approximately 100ms compared with traditional non-parametric SSRT estimation techniques. We found significant relationships between behavioural and self-report measures of impulsivity and traditionally estimated SSRT, that did not hold for the model-based SSRT estimates. Instead, behavioural impulsivity measures were correlated with rate of trigger failure. The relationship between trigger failure and impulsivity suggests that the former may index a higher order inhibition process, whereas SSRT may index a more automatic inhibition process. We suggest that the existence of distinct response inhibition processes that may be associated with different levels of cognitive control.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Insufficient Effort Responding and Response Styles: An Online Experiment

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene M. Alarcon ◽  
Michael A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Data Cleaning ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Response Styles ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

While self-report data is a staple of modern psychological studies, they rely on participants accurately self-reporting. Two constructs that impede accurate results are insufficient effort responding (IER) and response styles. These constructs share conceptual underpinnings and both utilized to reduce cognitive effort when responding to self-report scales. Little research has extensively explored the relationship of the two constructs. The current study explored the relationship of the two constructs across even-point and odd-point scales, as well as before and after data cleaning procedures. We utilized IRTrees, a statistical method for modeling response styles, to examine the relationship between IER and response styles. To capture the wide range of IER metrics available, we employed several forms of IER assessment in our analyses and generated IER factors based on the type of IER being detected. Our results indicated an overall modest relationship between IER and response styles, which varied depending on the type of IER metric being considered or type of scale being evaluated. As expected, data cleaning also changed the relationships of some of the variables. We posit the difference between the constructs may be the degree of cognitive effort participants are willing to expend. Future research and applications are discussed.

The Relationship Between Hearing Loss Self-Management and Hearing Aid Benefit and Satisfaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Convery ◽  
Gitte Keidser ◽  
Louise Hickson ◽  
Carly Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Hearing Aid Benefit ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Hearing loss self-management refers to the knowledge and skills people use to manage the effects of hearing loss on all aspects of their daily lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-reported hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Method Thirty-seven adults with hearing loss, all of whom were current users of bilateral hearing aids, participated in this observational study. The participants completed self-report inventories probing their hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between individual domains of hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Results Participants who reported better self-management of the effects of their hearing loss on their emotional well-being and social participation were more likely to report less aided listening difficulty in noisy and reverberant environments and greater satisfaction with the effect of their hearing aids on their self-image. Participants who reported better self-management in the areas of adhering to treatment, participating in shared decision making, accessing services and resources, attending appointments, and monitoring for changes in their hearing and functional status were more likely to report greater satisfaction with the sound quality and performance of their hearing aids. Conclusion Study findings highlight the potential for using information about a patient's hearing loss self-management in different domains as part of clinical decision making and management planning.

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