Smile or Die

Author(s):  
René Boomkens

Aufstieg und Entwicklung der interdisziplinären akademischen Disziplin der Cultural Studies sind Teil eines breiteren cultural turn in den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften, der für eine Verabschiedung monokausaler und reduktionistischer Methodologien steht zugunsten komplexer, holistischer und dialektischer Analysen sozialer und kultureller Prozesse. In der sogenannten Kritischen Theorie hat dies zu einem Aufmerksamkeitswechsel geführt von ökonomischen und politischen Ursachen sozialer Ungleichheit und sozialer Kämpfe zur Beharrlichkeit und irreduziblen Komplexität kultureller Differenzen oder von Andersheit, belegt durch wichtige Studien über die Rolle des Nationalismus, der Ästhetisierung des Alltagslebens und des wachsenden Einflusses der neuen Medien auf Kommunikation und Imagination. Dieser cultural turn in den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften ist verbunden mit einem wachsenden Einfluss kultureller und zugleich post-politischer Formen von Macht im Alltagsleben, veranschaulicht durch die Dominanz der leistungsorientierten Kultur ›positiven Denkens‹ in verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Bereichen, mit anderen Worten: einer neoliberalen Kultur und Ideologie. In den Kulturwissenschaften wird das historische Bewusstsein vom wachsenden Einfluss kultureller Macht kombiniert mit anthropologischer Forschung über die Besonderheiten gegenwärtiger Alltagskultur und einer starken Sensibilität für die Spannungen, Ungleichheiten und Widersprüche in dieser Kultur infolge der anwachsenden Globalisierung ihrer Bedingungen. Diese inter- oder transdisziplinäre Perspektive auf die Macht der Kultur kann schließlich nicht erfolgreich sein, ohne erneut seriös nachzudenken über die ästhetische Qualität oder Dimension der Alltagskultur und zugleich über den Bereich und die Substanz des Ästhetischen selber. <br><br>The rise and development of the interdisciplinary academic discipline of cultural studies is part of a broader cultural turn in the humanities and social sciences that represents a fare- well to mono-causal and reductionist methodologies in favor of a more complex, holistic and dialectical analysis of social and cultural processes. In so-called ‘critical theory’ this has led to a shift from economic and political sources of social inequality and struggles towards the persistence and irreducible complexity of cultural difference or otherness, evidenced by important studies of the role of nationalism, the aestheticization of everyday life or the growing influence of new media of communication and imagination. This cultural turn in humanities and social sciences is related to a growing influence of cultural and at the same time post-political forms of power in everyday life, exemplified by the dominance of a meritocratic culture of ‘positive thinking’ in different areas of society, or in other words: of a neoliberal culture and ideology. In cultural studies historical awareness of this growing influence of cultural power is combined with anthropological research into the specificities of contemporary everyday culture and with a strong sensibility for the tensions, inequalities and contradictions in that culture, due to an ever growing globalization of its conditions. This inter- or transdisciplinary perspective on the power of culture finally cannot do without a serious rethinking of the aesthetic quality or dimension of everyday culture – and at the same time a rethinking of the scope and substance of aesthetics itself.

Author(s):  
Samuel G. Collins ◽  
Goran P. Trajkovski

Many in IT education—following on more than twenty years of multicultural critique and theory—have integrated “diversity” into their curricula. But while this is certainly laudable, there is an irony to the course “multiculturalism” has taken in the sciences in general. By submitting to a canon originating in the humanities and social sciences—no matter how progressive or well-intentioned—much of the transgressive and revolutionary character of multicultural pedagogies is lost in translation, and the insights of radical theorists become, simply, one more module to graft onto existing curricula or, at the very least, another source of authority joining or supplanting existing canons. In this essay, we feel that introducing diversity into IT means generating this body of creative critique from within IT itself, in the same way multiculturalism originated in the critical, transgressive spaces between literature, cultural studies, anthropology and pedagogy. The following traces our efforts to develop isomorphic critiques from recent insights into multi-agent systems using a JAVA-based, software agent we’ve developed called “Izbushka.”


Author(s):  
Samuel G. Collins ◽  
Goran Trajkovski

Many in IT education—following on more than twenty years of multicultural critique and theory—have integrated “diversity” into their curricula. But while this is certainly laudable, there is an irony to the course “multiculturalism” has taken in the sciences in general. By submitting to a canon originating in the humanities and social sciences—no matter how progressive or well-intentioned—much of the transgressive and revolutionary character of multicultural pedagogies is lost in translation, and the insights of radical theorists become, simply, one more module to graft onto existing curricula or, at the very least, another source of authority joining or supplanting existing canons. In this essay, we feel that introducing diversity into IT means generating this body of creative critique from within IT itself, in the same way multiculturalism originated in the critical, transgressive spaces between literature, cultural studies, anthropology and pedagogy. The following traces our efforts to develop isomorphic critiques from recent insights into multi-agent systems using a JAVA-based, software agent we’ve developed called “Izbushka.”


Author(s):  
Jack Sidnell

Conversation analysis is an approach to the study of social interaction and talk-in-interaction that, although rooted in the sociological study of everyday life, has exerted significant influence across the humanities and social sciences including linguistics. Drawing on recordings (both audio and video) naturalistic interaction (unscripted, non-elicited, etc.) conversation analysts attempt to describe the stable practices and underlying normative organizations of interaction by moving back and forth between the close study of singular instances and the analysis of patterns exhibited across collections of cases. Four important domains of research within conversation analysis are turn-taking, repair, action formation and ascription, and action sequencing.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-176
Author(s):  
Xuedian Wang

China as a whole is facing a marked trend toward indigenization. The past thirty years have seen rapid and profound changes in the social sciences, heralding a new season in the humanities, in which the study of traditional culture has shifted from the sidelines to the center of academic research. Traditional culture, especially Confucianism, with its worldly orientation, is bound to play a central role in deepening and expanding the ongoing conversation with liberalism. At the same time, however, it must still develop values for structuring society and everyday life that are as influential as those of liberalism. The three main challenges to a Confucian revival today are the ruling ideology in China (namely, Marxism), the dominance of Western sociopolitical theory, and the current practices of disciplinary organization.


2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Mansfield

In mainstream humanities and social sciences, a traditional humanism has given way to an ethos of cultural difference. One form of cosmopolitanism triumphs over another as the goal of pedagogy. Both these cosmopolitanisms keep alive a model of culture as the thing that texts and practices instantiate, and what explains and locates them. The role of education becomes either knowledge of or at least sensitivity to the invisible parent formation out of which cultural practices arise. Yet a survey we conducted of Hong Kong–based students studying cultural studies in Australia found that they did not experience texts in relation to this larger parent formation, and seemed uninterested in reading culture this way. Their own tastes shifted from one form and context to another rapidly, without interest in texts' origins or provenance. Similarly, teachers of cultural studies wrestled with their own ignorance of the background and context of the texts they taught or that students suggested as examples. Both teachers and students taught and discussed cultural languages in which they were largely illiterate. These issues are discussed through a reading of Jacques Derrida's autobiographical work on language, pedagogy and colonialism Monolingualism of the Other. The contrast Derrida makes between 'source languages' and what he calls 'langues d'arrivee' (target languages or languages of arrival, happenstance or the event) allows for a speculative reconsideration of texts  not as exemplary of culture but as an engagement with language traces whose historical/political significance comes from the event of their instantiation not the legacy of their origin.


2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwig Jäger

AbstractSince the onset of its emancipation from its philological origins in the early nineteenth century, linguistics has been affected by a disciplinal self-conception that is resulting in the perception of language becoming increasingly detached from its culturality. In a continuing process of disentanglement, socio-historical, cultural and media scenarios of linguistic and communicative processes have been pushed to the periphery of linguistic studies, whereas they have been increasingly becoming the focus of study in neighboring disciplines in cultural studies. In addition to describing possible reasons for this development, the paper also aims to point out that, contrary to the prevailing anti-culturalistic movement, such as, e. g., Chomsky's “cognitive revolution”, the origin of linguistic knowledge is fundamentally interwoven with its cultural processing. The paper calls for a need to reflect upon the “structural gap” which has resulted from the extensive lack of linguistics being represented in recent cultural-scientific debates in the humanities and social sciences.


2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lawson

The ‘cultural turn’ has had a profound influence across the humanities and social sciences in the last few decades. In calling into question the universalist basis on which conventional methodological and normative assumptions have been based, the cultural turn has focused on the extent to which specificity and particularity underpin what we can know, how we can know it, and how this affects our being-in-the world. This has opened the way to a range of insights, from issues of pluralism and difference, both within political communities and between them, to the instability if not impossibility of foundations for knowledge. Too few studies embracing this ‘cultural turn’, however, pay more than cursory attention to the culture concept itself. This article suggests that conceptions of culture derived mainly from the discipline of anthropology dominate in political studies, including international relations, while humanist conceptions have been largely ignored or rejected. It argues further that we would do well to reconsider what humanist ideas can contribute to how ‘culture’ is both conceptualized and deployed in political thought and action, especially in countering the overparticularization of social and political phenomena that marks contemporary culturalist approaches.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 72-87
Author(s):  
Catherine Caufield

Abstract Given changing contexts and social discourses, it is theoretically enriching to enlarge the research emphasis of the secular academic discipline of Religious Studies to consider ways in which women who self-identify as religious contribute to their various traditions in ways that deepen spiritual experience for the communities as a whole and make contributions to their larger social contexts. Religious Studies scholars value scientific approaches but also, to be respectful of the communities studied, must recognize that they do a disservice to those communities if they reduce findings to the confines of these approaches. Interdisciplinary work that draws on methodological concepts developed in feminist theological thought, together with naturalist approaches, serves to increase knowledge about and by women in faith communities. By continuing to develop theology in rigorous and thoughtful ways, modern women are carrying forward an important interpretive tradition that strengthens analyses of religion in the secular humanities and social sciences.


2020 ◽  
pp. 136754942091986
Author(s):  
Shaun Moores

In this article, I have three key aims. Firstly, I want to offer a particular definition and a bold defence of ‘non-representational theories’, indicating the importance of their anti-rationalist and anti-structuralist tendencies, and also pointing to their positive assertion of the primacy of practices or movement. Although a non-representational theoretical approach is closely associated today with contemporary geographic thought, I make a case here for an understanding of non-representational theories as a far broader cross-disciplinary project. Secondly, in the light of non-representational theories, I will be revisiting an old debate between culturalists and structuralists on matters of experience and representation. I consider, in a spirit of re-evaluation, Stuart Hall’s now classic essay on two paradigms in the development of cultural studies, as well as a selection of related interventions made by Hall. Thirdly, I will look to potential future directions for empirical research that is informed by a non-representational theoretical approach, in an area which I call ‘quotidian cultural studies’. My recommendations are for work that might explore, for example, acquired habits or ways of the hand in the uses of new media technologies (among other skills of tool use), and paths that are trodden along the ground on foot and through narrative or other media settings. A critical appropriation of Tim Ingold’s writings in anthropology leads me to describe such work as ‘linealogical’ investigations of everyday life.


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