scholarly journals A Metalinguistic Study on the Photon Interpretation Present in Physics Textbooks Approved in PNLDEM 2015: Elements for a Symmetric Sociology of Science Education

2018 ◽  
pp. 365-397
Author(s):  
Nathan Willig Lima ◽  
Bruno Birkheur de Souza ◽  
Fernanda Ostermann ◽  
Claudio José de Holanda Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Contemporary Research ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Theoretical Construction ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
A Performance

We present a work on Symmetric Sociology on Science Education from a theoretical framework that articulates Bruno Latour’s and Mikhail Bakhtin’s Philosophies. We perform a metalinguistic analysis of the texts about Quantum Physics present in the Physics textbook approved by the PNLDEM 2015 in dialogue with the philosophical interpretations about the photon in scientific papers. We present the dialogic relation among the different scientific and didactic speeches, explicating the re-elaboration of meaning that exists in every text. We show that the textbook authors hybridize different visions into a particular vision, which is not in dialogue with contemporary research in most textbooks, so these narratives could not even be considered Quantum Physics (since they attribute to photons a performance with many classical aspects). Furthermore, we show that all textbooks omit the theoretical construction that encompasses the photon, following the same didactic and ideological proposal found in undergraduate textbooks, as described by Kuhn, that is, omitting controversies and pushing the establishment of a paradigm. Such didactic parallel suggests the subordination of Science Education to the Scientific Community in a sort of didactic colonialism. Even if we agreed that the goal of Science Education is to educate “little scientists” (which is not the case), there is the problem that the paradigm presented by the texts has not been hegemonic for, at least, eight decades. Finally, the developed theoretical articulation proved to be fruitful to analyze Science Education and its symmetrical relations with nature and society.

scholarly journals Bourdieu’s Field Theory and Science Education: Possible Articulations and Appropriations

2021 ◽  
pp. e33830
Author(s):  
Luciana Massi ◽  
Gabriela Agostini ◽  
Matheus Monteiro Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Science Education ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Specific Capital ◽  
Research Studies

Based on contributions from the sociology of science in the field of Science Education, this article aims to explore and elucidate the concept of fields, formulated by Pierre Bourdieu, in the objects of study of this area. This theoretical study is structured in three parts, which are articulated throughout the text: a synthesis of the general and invariable principles of fields; an elaboration of an analogy between the different field theories (sociology and physics); a discussion about the appropriation of field theories in research studies on Science Education that use them. We discuss the field as a social space, the agents’ habitus, the positions in the field, disputes and interests, distribution of the specific capital, limits, boundaries, and the field autonomy. An interpretation of this complex Bourdieusian concept was defended, in a way to determine the limits of the field and their agents, based on how research has appropriated it. Therefore, a theoretical framework was advanced, coming up with the possible and effective articulations between Science Education and Bourdieu’ Sociology of Science.

The scientific bibliography of Roberto Lawley (1818–1881) and his contribution to the study of fossil sharks

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-281
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Manganelli ◽  
Andrea Benocci ◽  
Valeriano Spadini
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
Scientific Papers

Roberto Massimo Lawley (1818–1881) was a non-academic naturalist who made a major contribution to the Tuscan scientific community of his time. He was involved in the foundation of two societies (Società Italiana di Malacologia, 1874–1899; Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali, 1874–today) and a publishing house (Biblioteca Malacologica Italiana). He first devoted himself to malacology, but Neogene fossil fishes became his main interest. Over the years, he gathered a huge private collection of fossils and produced 18 scientific papers, dealing mainly with fossil sharks. Subsequent revisers criticized his approach to fossil taxa: their observations were generally sound, but they failed to fully recognize Lawley's scientific merits. His scientific papers, new taxa established by him and eponymys are given in the Appendix.

scholarly journals Strategies for the Development and Application of Research Frameworks in Sciences Education Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Lindelani Mnguni
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Science Education ◽  
Education Research ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Science Education Research ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Research Frameworks

Recent research in social sciences and education shows that a significant number of studies are neither reproducible nor repeatable. This compromises the validity, reliability and trustworthiness of these studies, as they violate the prescriptions of the nature of science. This lack of validity, reliability and trustworthiness could be due to poorly conceptualized research frameworks, including the conceptual framework and theoretical framework. Additionally, there is an apparent confusion on the difference between the research frameworks and their role in research. The current paper defines the different research frameworks that are used in science education. It also provides systematic strategies for the development and application of research frameworks in science education research. By using these systematic strategies, researchers could enhance the validity, reliability and trustworthiness of their research.   Received: 2 August 2021 / Accepted: 18 September 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021

scholarly journals The Necessary Triad: A Science-Education-Social Activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aixa Hafsha
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Science Education ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Grassroots Activism ◽  
The Earth

Recently the earth population and its natural ecosystems exist in very complex and permanently changing living conditions, being economy, social, natural or technological ones. More than that, it lives in the conditions of a high complexity, and such complexities may vary in its quality, time and space. Another feature of such life is its permanently growing speed of various transformations that is conditioned by many unseen and still unknown metabolic processes. The global communication network has made the emergency cases inseparable feature of everyday life. There are no ways out of it, and humanity has to predict the coming transformations and to adapt to them. The development of such interdisciplinary model is necessary if humanity wants to predict the coming transformations and to adapt to them. It has to be done by joint efforts of the scientists, scholars, teachers and the volunteers including the grassroots activism of concerned people. The triad of a scientific community, teachers and the teenagers is the necessary precondition for the developing necessary efforts in many directions: the revitalization of a futurology, in prediction and mitigation of the critical situations (accidents, natural disasters, and hybrid wars), and in the development of interdisciplinary researches. Gradually civilian volunteers are becoming more professional and mobile teams of civilian rescuers. Today, an individual safety has turned in a matter of each person, family or social group while the science-education-social activity triad has become a necessary precondition of survival.

What Happens after Publication?

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Alan Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Cold Fusion ◽  
First Report ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
The Way

This chapter explores in detail what happens after a paper is published, in terms of the ways in which papers have an impact, the importance of subsequent citations, and how the importance of a paper to its parent field can be eventually judged. This is illustrated by following the citation trends of several key historical scientific papers (e.g., Watson and Crick on DNA, the first report of the identification of Buckminsterfullerene) and exploring rates of citation, the peak citation times, the manner in which the papers were referred to at different times, and, in general, the way in which ripples of information transfer across the scientific community. Examples of papers to which reaction was negative (e.g., the report on cold fusion) or mixed (NASA’s report of possible fossil micro-organisms in Martian rock) are also discussed.

scholarly journals A Theoretical Framework for the Critical Posthumanities

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 31-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosi Braidotti
Keyword(s):  
Research University ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
Contemporary Research ◽  
Human Exceptionalism ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Knowledge Claims ◽  
Self Organizing

What are the parameters that define a posthuman knowing subject, her scientific credibility and ethical accountability? Taking the posthumanities as an emergent field of enquiry based on the convergence of posthumanism and post-anthropocentrism, I argue that posthuman knowledge claims go beyond the critiques of the universalist image of ‘Man’ and of human exceptionalism. The conceptual foundation I envisage for the critical posthumanities is a neo-Spinozist monistic ontology that assumes radical immanence, i.e. the primacy of intelligent and self-organizing matter. This implies that the posthuman knowing subject has to be understood as a relational embodied and embedded, affective and accountable entity and not only as a transcendental consciousness. Two related notions emerge from this claim: firstly, the mind-body continuum – i.e. the embrainment of the body and embodiment of the mind – and secondly, the nature-culture continuum – i.e. ‘naturecultural’ and ‘humanimal’ transversal bonding. The article explores these key conceptual and methodological perspectives and discusses the implications of the critical posthumanities for practices in the contemporary ‘research’ university.

scholarly journals KGen: a knowledge graph generator from biomedical scientific literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Rossanez ◽  
Julio Cesar dos Reis ◽  
Ricardo da Silva Torres ◽  
Hélène de Ribaupierre
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Biomedical Texts

Abstract Background Knowledge is often produced from data generated in scientific investigations. An ever-growing number of scientific studies in several domains result into a massive amount of data, from which obtaining new knowledge requires computational help. For example, Alzheimer’s Disease, a life-threatening degenerative disease that is not yet curable. As the scientific community strives to better understand it and find a cure, great amounts of data have been generated, and new knowledge can be produced. A proper representation of such knowledge brings great benefits to researchers, to the scientific community, and consequently, to society. Methods In this article, we study and evaluate a semi-automatic method that generates knowledge graphs (KGs) from biomedical texts in the scientific literature. Our solution explores natural language processing techniques with the aim of extracting and representing scientific literature knowledge encoded in KGs. Our method links entities and relations represented in KGs to concepts from existing biomedical ontologies available on the Web. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by generating KGs from unstructured texts obtained from a set of abstracts taken from scientific papers on the Alzheimer’s Disease. We involve physicians to compare our extracted triples from their manual extraction via their analysis of the abstracts. The evaluation further concerned a qualitative analysis by the physicians of the generated KGs with our software tool. Results The experimental results indicate the quality of the generated KGs. The proposed method extracts a great amount of triples, showing the effectiveness of our rule-based method employed in the identification of relations in texts. In addition, ontology links are successfully obtained, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the ontology linking method proposed in this investigation. Conclusions We demonstrate that our proposal is effective on building ontology-linked KGs representing the knowledge obtained from biomedical scientific texts. Such representation can add value to the research in various domains, enabling researchers to compare the occurrence of concepts from different studies. The KGs generated may pave the way to potential proposal of new theories based on data analysis to advance the state of the art in their research domains.

scholarly journals Playing the fields: Theorizing research impact and its assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Williams
Keyword(s):  
Research Policy ◽  
Research Evaluation ◽  
Research Impact ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Symbolic Power ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Contemporary Research ◽  
Pragmatic Research ◽  
The Media

Abstract How research is assessed affects what types of knowledge are valued, incentivized, and rewarded. An increasingly important element of contemporary research evaluation is the measurement of the wider impact of research (e.g. benefit to society, culture or economy). Although the measurement of impact has been highly contested, the area is under-theorized and dominated by pragmatic research policy imperatives. Informed by a sociological perspective, this article intervenes in this context by reframing research impact as the attainment and maintenance of capital (i.e. symbolic power or status) in various fields beyond academia. It argues that research impact occurs at the intersection of these fields of power. The article shows that impact involves various combinations of capital from the scholarly field, the field of politics, the field of application, the media field, and the economic field, which provide credibility, authority, utility, visibility, and weight, respectively. In exploring the forms of worth and value that underpin the pursuit of legitimacy in these fields, the article provides a new theoretical framework for understanding research impact and its assessment.

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