Influence of the anthropogenic factor on the predatory entomophages in agrocenose of spring wheat in the right bank of the Saratov region

The article presents the effectiveness of the influence of certain agrotechnical components of the technology of growing wheat wheat in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. The positive influence of application of foliar fertilization of crops is shown. The prospects of using the complex application of intensification elements are determined. It has been established that the optimization of the mode of power provides a more complete disclosure of the resource potential of plants, which increases yields. Reindeer nutrition should be considered as an element of supplementation to the soil nutrition system, primarily due to the fact that plants are able to absorb nutrients through the leaf surface only in limited quantities, with excess concentration of which possible burns or intoxication of plants. The use of foliar feeding on the background of the main fertilizer has been found to have a positive effect on productivity and quality. The role of the plant nutrition system, which allows to control the formation of grain productivity of spring wheat crops, is substantiated. It has been found that the optimization of the nutrition regime provides a fuller disclosure of the resource potential of the plants, thereby increasing the yield. Nutrition optimization provides more complete disclosure of plant resource potential, thereby increasing yields. It is determined that under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine the level of spring wheat yield is largely determined by the amount of rainfall that has fallen during the growing season. By optimizing the wheat's nutritional conditions, its productivity increases substantially, regardless of weather and climatic conditions. The use of mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen in combination with phosphorus and potassium, can significantly improve the nutritional regime of the soil. The available nutrients of the plant are provided as a result of the mineralization of organic compounds by soil microorganisms and the transition of soluble mineral substances into solubility. This creates a more favorable environment for the growth and development of plants and for maintaining high soil fertility. At the end of the spring wheat vegetation, there was a redistribution of nitric and ammoniacal forms of nitrogen. It is advisable to continue research in this area and to deepen in connection with the emergence of new varieties, preparations and changes in climatic and soil conditions. Key words: spring wheat, yield, variety, sowing dates, seeding rate.

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Habitat Structure and Abundance Dynamics of Marmota bobak Müller, 1776 (Sciuridae, Mammalia) in the Saratov Region at the End of the 20th – Start of the 21st Centuries

Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology ◽

10.35885/1684-7318-2020-3-318-335 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 318-335

Author(s):

I. A. Kondratenkov ◽

M. L. Oparin ◽

S. V. Sukhov ◽

O. S. Oparina

Keyword(s):

Species Abundance ◽

Volga Region ◽

Homogeneous Population ◽

Saratov Region ◽

Population Peak ◽

Volga Upland ◽

Ulyanovsk Region ◽

Data Book ◽

The Right ◽

New Settlements

The paper presents data on the abundance of bobak marmot (Marmota bobak Müller, 1776), obtained from 1987 till 2019. All censuses were performed according to one technique developed by us in the late 1980s. During these long-term investigations, the structure of the bobak marmot areal in the Saratov region was studied. The dynamics of its numbers is described, and its trends for individual groups of districts were revealed, distinguished by trends, the time of the appearance of new settlements as a result of reintroduction after a prolonged depression in the numbers caused by both plowing of the steppes and the well-known events of the 1920s, 1930s and 1040s, when the bobak marmot provided the survival of some part of the population. It has been established that the population peak in the indigenous settlements that have been existing from the end of the Pleistocene – the beginning of the Holocene, was in 1980–1990. New settlements arise in the territories where the marmot was reintroduced, and the species abundance continues to grow. This, first of all, refers to the western slopes of the Volga Upland and the Oka-Don plain, formerly inhabited by marmots. An increase in the numbers of the Kazakhstan subspecies of the bobak is observed at the eastern end of the Syrt plain and on the spurs of the Common Syrt in the Saratov Trans-Volga region. The genetic studies of steppe marmots by R. V. Naumov (2019) on the right Volga bank of the Ulyanovsk region showed that a genetically homogeneous population lives on the vast territory of the Volga region. This casts doubt on the assumption of the existence of the Kozlovi subspecies of the bobak marmot in the local territories of the Voskresensk, Volsk and Khvalynsk districts of the Saratov region, which served as the ground for its inclusion into the new edition of the Red Data Book of the region, which we consider unreasonable (Resolution..., 2019).

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Variability and interconnection of economically useful indicators of soybeans under the influence of herbicides

The Agrarian Scientific Journal ◽

10.28983/asj.y2020i5pp19-22 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 19-22

Author(s):

Yuriy Viktorovich Lobachev ◽

Valeriy Tikonovich Krasilnikov

Keyword(s):

Correlation Analysis ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Protein Content ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Specific Effect ◽

Correlation Dependence ◽

Saratov Region ◽

Grain Productivity ◽

Control Variant ◽

The Right

Under the conditions of the Right Bank of the Saratov Region, the effect of four herbicides, two new tank mixtures and two new compositions of herbicides on the value and variability of the following indicators of soybeans: “grain yield”, “number of beans from a plant”, “the number of grains per plant", "the mass of 1000 grains", "the protein content in the grain” was studied in three field experiments using two-way variance and correlation analysis. The relationships between grain yield and elements of its structure, grain yield and protein content in grain are studied. All studied variants after application of herbicides significantly exceeded the control variant in grain yield. Options with the use of a new tank mixture of frontier optima + gezagard herbicides, frontier optima + galaxy top herbicidal compositions, hezagard + galaxy top herbicide compositions significantly exceeded the grain yield after application of herbicides. This led to a decrease in the variability of the studied indicators and changed the nature of the correlation dependence of grain productivity with other economically useful indicators of soybeans. The specific effect of the application of individual herbicides, their tank mixtures and compositions on the variability and interconnection of economically useful indicators of soybeans has been established.

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Resistance of spring wheat cultivars to pathogens of leaf diseases and root rot in the Right-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine ◽

10.36495/1606-9773.2019.65.35-50 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 35-50

Author(s):

L. Golosna ◽

G. Lisova ◽

O. Afanasieva ◽

L. Kucherova

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Leaf Rust ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Root Rot ◽

Brown Rust ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Disease Development ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

The Right

Goal. Determine the degree of resistance of spring wheat cultivars to pathogens and root rot in the Right-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine and identify promising sources of resistance. Methods. Laboratory — selection of infection material with different levels of virulence, development of infection material of leaf rust and septoria of wheat; field — creation of artificial infection and provocative backgrounds of pathogens and assessment of resistance of the collection of cultivars to this phytopathogens; analytical in mathematical — analysis of the obtained data, calculation of the intensity of disease development. Results. In 2017—2019, 30 cultivars of spring wheat from the collections of the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine were provided by the Ustimovskaya Plant Research Station of the Institute of Plant Growing. V.Ya. Yuriev NAAS was evaluated for resistance to the main leaf pathogens: powdery mildew Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal, brown rust Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici Rob. et Desm. (syn. Puccinia triticina), leaf septoria Zymoseptoria tritici Rob. et Desm., pyrenophora Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler and root rot. The collection included cultivars of Ukrainian, Russian, Kazakh and Kyrgyz breeding. Assessment of resistance to powdery mildew, pyrenophora and root rot was performed on a natural infectious background, and the pathogens of septoria and leaf rust on the created artificial complex infectious background during the period of maximum disease development. Cultivars were characterized by their degree of stability using a 9 — point immunological scale. According to the research results, the degree of resistance of varieties of Ukrainian and foreign breeding to pathogens of leaf diseases and root rot was established. Among the studied spring wheat collection, a number of cultivars were identified that showed resistance both to individual pathogens and to a group of diseases in the Right-Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine: to powdery mildew — 4, brown rust — 20, septoria — 8, pyrenophorosis — 8, roots — 7. The group resistance was characterized by 13 spring wheat cultivars. Conclusions. Valuable sources of resistance are cultivars of Oksamit Mironovsky (UKR) and Lebedushka (RUS) with resistance to the group of pathogens of powdery mildew, leaf rust and pyrenophorosis, characteristic of the Right-Bank Forest Steppe zone of Ukraine. Other spring wheat cultivars that have high resistance to both individual pathogens and their groups are recommended to be involved in the breeding process to create new promising spring wheat cultivars with high resistance rates.

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Preceding Crop And Term Of Sowing As A Factor Of Varietal Cultivation Technology Of Spring Wheat In Southern Part Of The Right-Bank Forest-Steppe

Naukovì dopovìdì Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu bìoresursiv ì prirodokoristuvannâ Ukraïni ◽

10.31548/dopovidi2017.02.011 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

V. S. Kravchenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Preceding Crop ◽

Cultivation Technology ◽

The Right

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Dynamics of change monitoring of sanitary and chemical indicators of water quality in springs in the subarid region by the model of Saratov region

Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Inspector) ◽

10.33920/med-08-2008-06 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 54-64

Author(s):

Ksenia Aleksandrovna Savina ◽

Dmitry Evgenievich Ivanov ◽

Anatoly Nikolayevich Mikerov ◽

Vladimir Fedorovich Spirin ◽

Anton Valerievich Kosarev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Spring Water ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Saratov Region ◽

Chemical Indicators ◽

Alternative Sources ◽

The Right ◽

The City

Springs on the right Bank of the Saratov region can be considered as a predictive model of changes in the chemical composition of spring water in a warming climate. The 14 sources most demanded by the population were identified. The probable causes of the detected deviations in the investigated sanitaryhygienic indicators are also described. The research period is 2016–2019. The sources are located on the territory of the right Bank of the Saratov region, including the city of Saratov. We determined the flow rate and type of sources, the water temperature in them, the presence of captage and sanitary protection zones, the chemical composition of water in terms of smell, taste, color, turbidity, pH, total hardness, total mineralization, Cl, SO4 2-, NO3 , NO2 , NH3 , Pb2+, Cd2+, Fecom, Mncom, Crcom, Ascom. We found that 35 % of samples do not meet the requirements of sanitary standards. Deviations were detected in terms of color, turbidity, total hardness, manganese, chlorides, nitrates, and cadmium. The dynamics of changes in chemical indicators of water quality in all surveyed sources was studied. In 6 of them, from 2016 to 2019, an increase in the level of hardness and total mineralization was revealed. The highest concentrations of the studied substances were recorded in the spring period (flood). An increase in the concentration of manganese was observed in 6 sources. In one of them, in March 2017, the critical value of this indicator was recorded (22 MPC). The necessity of using springs by the population as alternative sources of water supply for drinking purposes is analyzed. To identify the demand for springs in the city of Saratov, a survey of 535 people was conducted directly at the sampling sites. The conducted survey of the population indicates the confidence of the population in the quality of spring water. The probable causes of the detected excess are described. A comparison of our results with available data from 2009–2016 indicates a deterioration in the water quality of the surveyed sources.

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