scholarly journals Regularities of water consumption of grasses in forest pastures by types of agricultural landscape in the Volga steppe zone

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Pyotr Nikolaevich Proezdov ◽  
Dmitry Vladimirovich Eskov ◽  
Dmitry Anatolyevich Mashtakov ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Panfilov ◽  
Vladimir Viktorovich Dubrovin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Steep Slopes

 Water consumption and productivity of grasslands are closely related to the type and degree of protection from erosion of the agricultural landscape. One of the main indicators of the type of agricultural landscape is the slope of the slope, which determines the level of soil fertility and productivity of agricultural land. With an increase in the slope, especially on erosive types of agricultural landscape (>30), the thickness of the a+B horizons decreases by more than 3 times from 64 cm on the plakor (<10) to 20 cm on steep slopes (10-200). The humus content in the soil horizon a decreases from 4.69 to 1.97%, or 2.72% in absolute value. Over 35 years, the complex of anti-erosion techniques has increased the power of soil horizons A+B, depending on the type of agricultural landscape, by 1-6 cm, the content of humus-by 0.16 - 0.36%, NPK – by 9.1-30.0%: a larger increase corresponds to the erosive types of agricultural landscape (>30). Productivity and water consumption of pasture lands depend on the level of soil fertility, snowiness of winters, the degree of moisture in the growing season, and the growth dynamics of pasture grasses. In the average humidification years (2015,2016) on open types of agricultural landscape, the productivity of grasses was 1.23-3.14 t / ha, the coefficient of water consumption -675-1538 m3 / t, and under the influence of anti-erosion techniques, respectively-1.73-4.05 t/ha and 627-1242 m3/t. The difference in water consumption coefficients reaches 23.8% on steep slopes (10-200). In dry years with the previous snowy winter on open types of agricultural landscape, the coefficient of water consumption is 930-1500m3/t, under the influence of anti-erosion techniques-703-1169 m3/t, or less by 32.7-28.3%. In wet years, the water consumption coefficient takes the lowest values due to the high productivity of grasses (5.61-8.89 t/ha). The complex of anti-erosion agrotechnical and forest-reclamation techniques is created in accordance with the type of agricultural landscape: on slopes with a steepness of 0-50-forest strips and mulched crevices; 5-80-forest strips and shrubby scenes; >80 - protective forest stands on terraces.

APPLICATION OF THE INTENSIVE CROP GROWING TECHNOLOGIES IN CROP ROTATION IS THE STABILITY CONDITION OF THE HUMUS CONTENT OF SOIL

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V. А. Shchedrin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Labile Phosphorus

In OOO “Dubovitskoe” which was organized in 2006 as investment project of the AO “Shchelkovo Agrokhim” for 2010 – 2012 three advanced crop rotations have been developed. Before their introduction the grain crops fraction in the cropping system was 62%, then it fell to 49%. At the same time the portion of raw crops increased from 15 to 20%, legumes from 6 to 8%, others (buckwheat, grain maize, etc.) - up to 23%. As of 2017, the crops of leguminous crops have increased noteworthily. There are two predominant soil types here heavy clay loam podzolized chernozem (6615 ha) and grey forest soil (856 ha). Weighted average indicators (as of 2017): humus content in the soils of arable land is 5, 34%; acidity pH is 4.92; labile phosphorus - 111.8 mg / kg soil; exchange potassium - 144 mg / kg soil. The coefficient of the soil fertility in the enterprise (weighted average) is 0.66. This means that maintaining and increasing the soil fertility for arable land of the enterprise is critical task. As a result of the research, it has been established that the technologies introduced in the crop vegetation management (CVS) in the crop rotation conditions ensure high productivity of cultivated crops and stability of humus content in soils as an energy basis and a guarantor of increasing fertility. The indicators of the labile phosphorus Р205 and exchange potassium К20 in the soils depending on the crop rotation vary from a certain decrease to expressed steady growth. Therefore it is necessary to specify seeding rates based on actual data. Sustainable soil acidification in the crop rotations under crop cultivation in OOO “Dubovitskoe” it is the result of the acid feterlizers high rates application, during studying period did not carried out required agromelioration with calcium contenting elements.

scholarly journals Basic principles of reclaimed agricultural landscapes sustainability formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Vasilyev ◽  
◽  
A. N. Babichev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Irrigated Lands

Purpose: to establish the basic principles of the organization of reclamed agricultural landscapes and to substantiate the use of the agricultural landscape approach in the organization of the territory. Materials and Methods. When preparing this article, the materials of Russian scientists dealing with the issues of soil fertility conservation and ecological sustainability of reclaimed agricultural landscapes were considered. The methods used were analysis, generalization, synthesis and other methods of working with literary sources on this issue. Results. In performing the work, the main principles and indicators were determined, such as productivity, sustainability, the rule of transforming measures for the natural environment, optimization of the agricultural landscape, authenticity, principles of the formation of reclaimed agricultural landscapes, the complexity of the reclamation impact, the required diversity, the uniqueness of the reclamation impact. The basic requirements for the preservation of soil fertility of reclaimed irrigated agricultural landscape have been established. It was found that to maintain ecological balance within the irrigated agricultural landscape, it is necessary to adhere to the indicators of the reclamation load of the natural environment. The limits of agricultural lands saturation in reclaimed agricultural landscapes for various agro-climatic zones have been substantiated and recommended. Conclusions. It has been determined that the coefficient of reclamation loading of irrigated lands, showing the maximum share of irrigated lands that can be irrigated in a particular climatic zone, varies from 0.3 in the forest-steppe zone to 0.60–0.85 in the semi-desert and desert zone. This suggests that with an increase in moisture supply, this indicator decreases, the recommended amount of agricultural land in various agroclimatic zones varies from 30 to 87 %, while the area of arable land should not exceed 20–25 % in a very dry zone, and with an increase in moisture supply, it can increase up to 80 % in the semi-arid zone. The amount of irrigated land in the reclaimed agricultural landscape should not exceed 18–20 %. Irrigated meadows and pastures should account for 1–2 to 5–6 % of the area.

scholarly journals GIS support for monitoring agricultural land in the land management system (on the example of the Volgograd region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Elena Denisova ◽  
Viktoria Silova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Land Management System ◽  
Harsh Conditions

The lack of an up-to-date cartographic basis leads to uncontrolled land turnover, does not reflect their real state and use, thereby leading to the destruction and degradation of not only individual components of the agricultural landscape, but also entire natural systems. Agrolandscape is a complex ecological system that, under harsh conditions of consumption, loses its ability to self-repair and regulate for a very long time. And each of its components needs to be accounted for, monitored, and protected. Geoinformation monitoring ensures the sustainability of both individual components and the entire agricultural landscape, contributes to the formation of effective agriculture and land use, increases the productivity of land and prevents the development of degradation processes. Monitoring of the territory of the Kislovsky rural settlement of the Bykovsky district of the Volgograd region according to 2004 data does not reflect the actual state and order of use of agricultural land and forest resources. The boundaries and areas of dehumified land have changed, and within the boundaries of the forest fund, according to Roseyestr, there are land plots with cadastral numbers ZU 34:02:010001:185, ZU 34:02:010001:104, ZU 34:02:010001:100, with an area of 2.7 hectares each for agricultural production. The area of forest areas has decreased from 576 ha to 484 ha or 16 %, the humus content in the soils is low—1.7 %, which is critical in the agro-climatic conditions of the Volgograd region. The location of agricultural land plots within the boundaries of the forest fund lands contradicts the land legislation, violates the safety and integrity of forest stands, leads to degradation, desertification and destruction of the ecological framework.

scholarly journals Agricultural Abandonment in Chosen Terrain Attributes Context – Case Study from the Poľana Unesco Biosphere Reserve (Central Slovakia)

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-351
Author(s):  
Matej Masný ◽  
Karol Weis ◽  
Martin Boltižiar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Abandonment ◽  
Terrain Attributes ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Steep Slopes

Abstract Agricultural land in many post-socialist countries passed through a similar scenario of eminent changes in the past decades. One of the important milestones was the process of collectivisation (in 1950−1970), transformation to market-oriented economy (after 1989) and the following integration into the European Union. These changes were often attended by the process of agricultural abandonment. This paper presents an approach to the evaluation of agricultural abandonment by analysis of land use change in chosen terrain attributes (slope levels and altitude levels) context. It studies the area of a northern part of the Poľana UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Biosphere reserve that represents mountain agricultural landscape. All of the analyses were realised in GIS (geographic information systems), based on the orthophotos that represented the land use structure in 1949, 1986 and 2006. Dramatic decrease in real usage of agricultural areas attended by the process of secondary succession was observed especially in steep slopes and higher altitude levels. To quantify the changes, landscape metrics such as class area (CA), number of patches (NP) and mean patch size (MPS) were used. Changes in landscape classes had an influence on landscape diversity. It was expressed by decrease in Shannon‘s diversity index (SDI) and Shannon‘s evenness index (SEI).

Promising varieties and forms of golden currant (Ribes aureum Pursh.) in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
E. V. Aminova ◽  
A. A. Mushinskiy ◽  
E. M. Feshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
New Varieties

The article presents the results of many years of work on the study of golden currant (Ribes aureum Pursh.) in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. The study was carried out on the experimental plot of Orenburg Experimental Station of Horticulture and Viticulture in the 2009-2019. The object of research was varieties Samocvet, Uralskaya and forms 1-7, 2-1, 2-9, 2-6, 3-2 of golden currant. The soil cover of the experimental site was represented by ordinary chernozem, the humus content in the arable layer was 2.7-3.0 %, the phosphorus content was 18.4 mg/kg, potassium – 358.6 mg/kg, nitrogen – 96.6 mg/kg. There was shown the development of the scientific foundations of crop breeding in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals, where the gene pool was first created, from which new varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits were developed, and promising forms were identified. As a result of the research, promising varieties and forms were distributed by maturation period into 2 groups: medium (Samotsvet, Uralskaya, 1-7, 2-1, 2-9) and late (2-6, 3-2). Adapted varieties (Samotsvet, Uralskaya) and forms (2-6, 2-1) were revealed, which are distinguished by high productivity from a bush (from 4.8 to 5.6 kg), number of berries in a cluster (from 4.6 to 6 pcs. ), berry weight (from 3.4 to 4.1 g). A brief economic and biological characteristics of selected forms and varieties are given.

scholarly journals Investigation and Assessment of Soil Fertility in Agroforest Landscapes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A I Belyaev ◽  
A A Tubalov ◽  
A V Koshelev ◽  
A M Belyakov ◽  
S D Fomin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Properties Of Soil

The article presents the research materials of agrochemical properties of soil land use in the agricultural production co-operative ”Kolos”, Oktyabrsky district of the Volgograd region. The studied agroforestry landscape is located on the left bank of the Tsimlyansk reservoir, in the watershed of the Myshkov River. The territory of the farm is typical for the light chestnut sub -- zone of soils in the South of the Volgograd region. The results of the research are data on agrochemical properties of soils, their analysis and relative assessment, as well as proposals for improving fertility. The analysis of soil samples was carried out in accordance with the guidelines for the comprehensive monitoring of soil fertility of agricultural land. The soil sample was taken from an area of 40 hectares and is a mixed sample composed of 20 individual samples taken from the depth of the arable layer (0 -- 0.30 m). The total area of the surveyed arable land is 13.3 thousand hectares. Under laboratory conditions, chemical analyses were carried out and such parameters of soil fertility as humus content, content of macronutrients (NPK), content of water-bearing salts, soil granulometric composition, pH index were determined. Laboratory data are summarized in the table. The analysis of experimental data revealed the ranges of the studied parameters and identified four groups of relative soil fertility: fields with high, medium, low and very low fertility. The grouping of fields based on the account of soil fertility will allow using more differentiated and effective application of the system of measures aimed at increasing the yield and preserving soil fertility.

SOUTHERN CHERNOZEMS FERTILITY REPRODUCTION IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
High Doses

Fertility reproduction features of southern carbonate chernozems in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan (Shortandinsky district of Akmola region) are studied. We studied the changes of humus content in the model micro plot experience. Various variants of the experiment with non-fallow and dump steam without fertilizers, grain crops with different doses of mineral fertilizers, manure, as well as with straw and sideral crops (pea-oat mixture, Donnik) are laid down. The introduction of rotted manure in small doses of 20 t / ha did not provide an increase in humus during crop rotation. When adding 40 and 80 t / ha of manure to the fallow field, it allowed to increase the humus content by 0.24 and 0.18 % of the initial amount. The introduction of sideral steam and perennial grasses into crop rotation enhanced the processes of humification and provided a positive balance of humus. In this version of the experiment, the amount of humus increased by 0.10-0.13 %. The greatest accumulation of organic matter occurred when using melilot: the increase in humus was 0.39 %. Long-term cultivation of permanent wheat crop in one field, even with high doses of mineral fertilizers, does not provide significant reproduction of soil fertility. The application of mineral fertilizers does not contribute to the increase of humus in the soil. The greatest decrease in humus content in southern chernozems is observed in the permanent dump and waste-free pair-0.11 and 0.13% over a 6-year period of observations.

scholarly journals A Place-Based Approach to Agricultural Nonmaterial Intangible Cultural Ecosystem Service Values

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy R. Petway ◽  
Yu-Pin Lin ◽  
Rainer F. Wunderlich
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Cultural Ecosystem Service ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Landscape Biodiversity

Though agricultural landscape biodiversity and ecosystem service (ES) conservation is crucial to sustainability, agricultural land is often underrepresented in ES studies, while cultural ES associated with agricultural land is often limited to aesthetic and tourism recreation value only. This study mapped 7 nonmaterial-intangible cultural ES (NICE) valuations of 34 rural farmers in western Taiwan using the Social Values for Ecosystem Services (SolVES) methodology, to show the effect of farming practices on NICE valuations. However, rather than a direct causal relationship between the environmental characteristics that underpin ES, and respondents’ ES valuations, we found that environmental data is not explanatory enough for causality within a socio-ecological production landscape where one type of land cover type (a micro mosaic of agricultural land cover) predominates. To compensate, we used a place-based approach with Google Maps data to create context-specific data to inform our assessment of NICE valuations. Based on 338 mapped points of 7 NICE valuations distributed among 6 areas within the landscape, we compared 2 groups of farmers and found that farmers’ valuations about their landscape were better understood when accounting for both the landscape’s cultural places and environmental characteristics, rather than environmental characteristics alone. Further, farmers’ experience and knowledge influenced their NICE valuations such that farm areas were found to be sources of multiple NICE benefits demonstrating that farming practices may influence ES valuation in general.

ANALYSIS OF DYNAMICS OF LAND USE STRUCTURE AND SOIL FERTILITY INDICATORS OVER THE KLYAZMA RIVER BASIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
I.N. Kurochkin ◽  
◽  
E.Yu. Kulagina ◽  
N.V. Chugay ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Land Use Structure ◽  
Vladimir Region ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

The main trends in changing the land use structure in the territory of the Klyazma River basin were de-scribed in the article. Using GIS technologies and remote sensing data the areas of land with different land use regimes in the studied territory were determined in the period from 2001 to 2019. The indices of LAI and FPAR phytoproductivity for the territory of the Klyazma basin as a whole, and for each basin included in it were determined. The analysis of the dynamics of changes occurring in the structure of land use is carried out. For the territory of Vladimir region, which is a part of the Klyazma River basin, an assessment of soil types distribution over occupied area was carried out. An integral indicator of soil fertility was calcu-lated on the basis of statistical data of agrochemical indicators. The fraction of fallow lands decreased by 2019 and it amounts 33.76% of the total area of the studied territory. The fraction of mixed forests increased from 38.48% in 2001 to 44.50% in 2019 due to the formation of fast-growing tree species shoots on fallow lands. The area of meadow vegetation for the period from 2015 to 2019 decreased by 3.5%, from 4 276 to 3 121 km2, due to agriculture degradation and a significant decrease in livestock grazing. The indicator of soil fertility for the Klyazma basin was 0.74, which is a high indicator. It is established that the most active decrease in the agricultural land area occurs in the central, north-western and western parts of the river basin.

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