scholarly journals Assessment of the resistance of cherry varieties to return frost in the Astrakhan region

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Anna Aleksandrovna Dronik
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Damage Score ◽  
Maximum Productivity ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Degree Of Damage ◽  
Total Damage ◽  
Continental Climate ◽  
Phenological Phases

The article presents the results of studying the resistance of cherry varieties to the spring return frosts of 2019 ... 2020 in the conditions of the sharply continental climate of the Astrakhan region. The aim of the research was to identify the most adapted cherry varieties for cultivation under conditions of abiotic stresses that affect the setting and fruiting. The results of the preservation of generative buds under the influence of low temperatures are presented. The total damage score reached 5 points. It is established that the sensitivity of the studied cherry varieties to low air temperatures depends on the timing of the onset of the main phenological phases. All cherry varieties showed an insufficient level of resistance to return frosts up to -5...-7°C. The exception was the variety Molodezhnaya, which had the lowest degree of damage (1...2 points). During the two years of study, the maximum productivity in the experiment was characterized by the Loznovskaya variety (3.2 kg / tree).

Resistance of cherry varieties to spring return frozes in the conditions of Astrakhan region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Dronic A.A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Damage Score ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Total Damage ◽  
Continental Climate ◽  
Unfavorable Weather

The article presents an assessment of the stability of introduced cherry varieties to spring return frosts in 2020 in the conditions of the sharply continental climate of the Astrakhan region. As a result of unfavorable weather conditions, the total damage score of all varieties was 2-5 points. Almost all the studied varieties showed an insufficient level of resistance to recurrent frosts.

Flower cold hardiness: a potential determinant of the flowering sequence exhibited by bog ericads

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 997-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Reader
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtilloides ◽  
Potential Determinant ◽  
Ledum Groenlandicum

In laboratory freezing trials, cold hardiness of six types of bog ericad flowers differed significantly (i.e., Chamaedaphne calyculata > Andromeda glaucophylla > Kalmia polifolia > Vaccinium myrtilloides > Ledum groenlandicum > Vaccinium macrocarpon) at air temperatures between −4 and −10 °C but not at temperatures above −2 °C. At the Luther Marsh bog in southern Ontario, low temperatures (−3 to −7 °C) would select against May flowering by the least cold hardy ericads. Availability of pollinators, on the other hand, would encourage May flowering by the most cold hardy species. Presumably, competition for insect pollinators has promoted the diversification of bog ericad flowering peaks, while air temperature, in conjunction with flower cold hardiness, determined the order in which flowering peaks were reached.

scholarly journals Behavior and Energy Losses of Cows during the Period of Low Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Oleksandr O. Borshch ◽  
Oleksandr V. Borshch ◽  
Yurii Mashkin ◽  
Vasyl Malina ◽  
Maxim Fedorchenko
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Heat Insulation ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
The Past ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Moderate Climate

Over the past 20 years, dairy farms in Ukraine have been actively introducing the keeping of cows in easy-to-assemble premises. However, in a moderate climate (with four distinct year seasons), the issues of microclimate, energy losses of animals and their behavior during the cold period of the year for keeping in such premises have not been fully studied. The purpose of this work was to study the influence of the heat insulation elements use of side curtains in easy-to-assemble premises during the period of low temperatures on microclimate, energy outgoings for thermoregulation and behavior of cows. The research conducted in the central part of Ukraine (Kyiv region). The research was conducted during January-February (29-43 days of the year) 2021. This period characterized by low average daily temperatures of -12.2– -18.7°С, strong wind gusts and daily precipitation in the form of snow. Two easy-toassemble premises for 400 heads were used for research. Parameters of placements (LxWxH): 150х32х10.5 m. The first one was without the use of curtains heat insulation elements, and the second one was with these elements of heat insulation. It was found that the use of polycarbonate wall heat insulation elements had a positive effect on the microclimate in the placement during the period of low temperatures. Indicators of average daily air temperatures in the placement were 3.2 and 8.8°C higher compared to the temperature in the same premise without the use of heat insulation elements and the environment. The wind speed also differed by 0.18 and 11.04 m/s, respectively. In addition, the heat insulation of the walls affected the temperature under the lying cow (+1.8°C), energy outgoings for thermoregulation (-1.93 MJ) and the number of cows that lay in the period of the lowest temperatures (+3.23-9.83%) compared to the placement without heat insulation elements. The difference in temperature of rubber carpet in the compared premises was significant: +3.3°C in the premises with heat insulation elements compared to the premises without heat insulation

CALCULATED DETERMINATION OF PRE-HEATING PARAMETERS FOR WELDING POLYETHYLENE PIPES FOR GAS PIPELINES AT LOW AIR TEMPERATURES.

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
I. Tarabukin
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Weld Seam ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Polyethylene Pipes ◽  
Heated Air ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Different Characteristics

According to regulatory documents, welding can be performed at ambient temperatures from minus 15 ° C to plus 45 ° C. When laying gas pipelines at a lower outside temperature, it is necessary to organize their heating to the required temperature. In this case, the temperature of the heated air should not be more than plus 60 ° C. If you start working with a polyethylene (PE) pipe at low temperatures, then the PE pipe will have completely different characteristics. The weld seam may not be reliable.

SEASONAL ENERGY EXPENDITURES AND THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES OF BISON AND CATTLE

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. CHRISTOPHERSON ◽  
R. J. HUDSON ◽  
M. K. CHRISTOPHERSEN
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Thermoregulatory Responses ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Wind Velocities

The metabolic rates of two bison and four Hereford spring-born calves were measured at monthly intervals from December until the following November. Following adaptation at seasonal ambient temperatures, metabolic measurements were made while calves were exposed to controlled temperatures of +10, 0 and −30 °C. Exposure of the Hereford calves to −30 °C resulted in increased metabolic rates during the first 6 mo of the study but the magnitude of the response was greatly attenuated as the calves grew larger. At −30 °C, bison calves either maintained or reduced metabolic rates compared to expenditures at +10 °C. When the calves were about 17 mo of age, they were exposed to a combination of low temperatures and wind. Wind velocities of 4.7 km∙h−1 did not influence metabolic rates of either bison or Herefords at air temperatures of 0 °C. However, at −30 °C, metabolic rates increased from 650 and 700 KJ∙kg−.75∙d−1 to 835 and 950 KJ∙kg−.75∙d−1 in Hereford and bison calves, respectively. Neither respiratory frequencies nor heart rates were influenced significantly during cold exposure, but heart rates increased in response to wind. In general, metabolic rates and heart rates were lower in bison calves.

scholarly journals The Impact of Site Extremes on the Onset of Phenological Phases of Selected Tree Species

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1117-1124
Author(s):  
Jana Škvareninová
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phenological Phases

In the years 2007–2013 we performed phenological observations of common hazel (Corylus avellana L.), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.), and hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.) at two locations of central Slovakia situated at elevations of 300 m and 530 m a.s.l. The phenophase of first leaves of all tree species started in the second half of April on average, and was conditioned by the average daily air temperatures above 0 °C. The earliest onset was observed at both locations in 2007 due to the highest average air temperature during the observed period, which in March reached the value of 6.1 °C. Colouring of leaves started in the second and third decades of September. Both phenophases began earlier at the location situated at the higher elevation due to the effect of aspect, terrain, and soil depth. During the last 7 years, the average length of the growing season of tree species situated at an elevation of 300 m was from 136 to 152 days, in more extreme conditions at an elevation of 530 m the growing season was shorter by 12 days in the case of blackthorn and by 5 days in the case of hawthorn.

scholarly journals Air temperatures in Central Amazonia. I - The daily record of air temperatures in a secondary forest near Manaus under cold front conditions (July 4 th, to July 13 th, 1969)()

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. P. Brinkmann ◽  
J. A. Weinman ◽  
M. N. Góes Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Front ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Daily Record ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Strong Winds

Abstract A "friagem" is a cold front which moves northward from southern Brazil to the Caribbean coast of South America. A set of composite satellite pictures (2) of the American sector of the southern hemisphere as well as the recorded of daily temperatures in a secondary forest near Manaus are presented. The low temperatures and strong winds associated with this phenomenon have a profound effect on the environment of Amazonia.

scholarly journals RESULTS OF MANDARIN PLANTATIONS MONITORINGDAMAGED BY FROST AND EVALUATION IN GEORGIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Khalvashi ◽  
◽  
G. Memarne ◽  
D. Baratashvili ◽  
N. Kedelidze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
Degree Of Damage ◽  
Spring Frosts ◽  
The Impact

n the paper isdiscussedthe results of mandarin plantations monitoring damaged by frost in winter. Despite thecenturies-old history of citrus production in Georgia, the danger of frost damageremains a major limiting factor for the spread of citrus. The monitoring revealed that although the temperature was quite critical for mandarin in February 2020 (-11-12°C, in some places -14°C), the frost damage to the plantations was not high, but was inhomogeneous. Observations revealed that the damage to mandarin plantations was due not only to the impact of low temperatures, but also to many other factors that had a significant impact on the degree of damage to the plantations. Based on the analysis ofmonitoring results and multi-year data, it was found that the risk of frost damage to the citrus in winter in Georgia due to global warming is significantly reduced comparedto previous years, but the incidence of autumn-spring frosts has increased which indicates the adaptation of the citrus crops to the climatic conditions of Georgia.

scholarly journals Air temperatures in central Amazonia. I - The daily record of air temperatures in a secondary foreat near Manaus under cold front conditione (July 4th, to July 13 th, 1969) ()

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Brinkmann ◽  
J. A. Weinman ◽  
M. N. Góes Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Front ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Daily Record ◽  
Strong Winds

Abstract A "friagem" is a cold front which moves northward from southern Brazil to the Caribean coast of South America. A set of composite satellite pictures (2) of the American sector of the southern hemisphere as well as the record of daily temperatures in a secondary forest near Manaus are presented. The low temperatures and strong winds associated with this phenomenon have a profound effect on the environment of Amazonia.

Skin folds and Merino breeding. 5. Variations in scrotal, testis, and rectal temperatures as affected by site of measurement, acclimatization to heat and degree of skin fold

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (31) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Fowler
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Fold Type

In Merino rams, subcutaneous temperature in the scrotum declined from the inguinal border to the distal tip and from posterior to anterior. Testicular temperature was similar at several sites in both testes. Of the total increase in scrotal and testicular temperatures that occurred when rams were heated, the proportional hourly increases were similar at each air temperature above 30�C irrespective of the air temperature regime (stepwise increasing or stepwise decreasing air temperatures) or fold type of the ram. The response of rams depended markedly on the air temperature regime. When air temperatures were decreasing, rams were less able to withstand high temperatures and more able to withstand low temperatures. When air temperatures were increasing the reverse was true. The differences between Folds Plus and Folds Minus rams also depended markedly on the ail temperature regime. In general Folds Minus rams had lower rectal temperatures than Folds Plus rams, but could express their ability to maintain lower subcutaneous scrotal temperatures than Folds Plus rams only after they had gained a degree of acclimatization to heat. Folds Plus rams had higher food intakes than Folds Minus rams which may be a factor in their reduced heat tolerance.

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